Category: CBSE

CBSE Class 9 Science Practical Skills – Law of Conservation of Mass

EXPERIMENT

AIM
To verify the law of conservation of mass in a chemical reaction,

MATERIALS REQUIRED
Barium chloride (BaCl₂.2H₂0), sodium sulphate (Na₂SO₄.10H₂O), distilled water, two beakers (100 mL), one beaker (150 mL), physical balance, spring balance (0-500 g), polythene bag, two watch glasses and a glass rod.

THEORY

1. During a chemical reaction, the mass of the reactants is equal to the mass of the products.
2. Mass can neither be created nor be destroyed.
3. It can be demonstrated using a precipitation reaction between BaCl₂ (aq) and Na₂SO₄(aq).
4. The reaction involved is
   
   According to the law of conservation of mass,
   Mass of reactants (barium chloride + sodium sulphate) = Mass of products (barium sulphate+ sodium chloride).

PROCEDURE

1. Pour 50 mL distilled water in two 100 mL beakers.
2. Using the physical balance, weigh two watch glasses.
3. Weigh 3.6 g of BaCl₂.2H₂0 in a watch glass of known mass and dissolve it in a beaker containing 50 mL distilled water and label it ‘A’.
4. Similarly, weigh 8.05 g of Na₂SO₄.10H₂O in another watch glass of known mass and dissolve it in the other beaker containing 50 mL distilled water. Label it ‘B’.
5. Weigh the 150 mL beaker using spring balance and polythene. Label it ‘C’.
6. Mix solutions of beaker ‘A’ and ‘B’ together in beaker ‘C’. Mix the contents using a glass rod.
7. A white precipitate due tc the formation of barium sulphate (BaSO₄) appears in the beaker ‘C’.
8. Weigh the beaker containing the reaction mixture again to find out the mass of products formed.
9. Compare the masses of the contents before ana after the reaction.
   

OBSERVATIONS

1. Mass of 50 mL distilled water (assuming density as 1g /cc) = 50.0 g
2. Mass of BaCl₂.H₂0 = 3.6 g
3. Mass of BaCl₂ solution = 53.6 g
4. Mass of Na₂SO₄.10H₂O = 8.05 g
5. Mass of Na₂SO₄ solution =58.05 g
6. Total mass of reactants (solutions of BaCl₂ and Na₂SO₄) = 53.6 + 58.05 = 111.65 g
7. Mass of empty 150 mL beaker,m₁ =………………….g
8. Mass of reaction mixture before precipitation, m₂= m₁+ 111.65 g = ……………………g
9. Final mass of reaction mixture after precipitation, m₃ =……………………. g

RESULT

1. On comparing the mass of reactants (m₂) with the mass of products (m₃), we find m₂ equals m₃
   (within reasonable limits).
2. This proves the law of conservation of mass.

PRECAUTIONS

1. Accurate measurement of masses should be ensured.
2. The spring balance should be held vertical while taking measurements.
3. Before taking reading, ensure the pointer of the spring balance is at zero mark.
4. The reading of spring balance should be noted when its pointer comes to rest.
5. Use small amount of chemicals.
6. Mix solutions of BaCl₂ and Na₂SO₄ slowly with constant stirring.

INTERACTIVE SESSION

Examiner :
What is the aim of your experiment?
Examinee:
To prove the law of conservation of mass.

Examiner :
What is law of conservation of mass?
Examinee:
Law of conservation of mass means that during a chemical reaction, the mass of reactants and products remains the same.

Examiner :
In this experiment, instead of  BaCl₂  can you use CaCl₂? Why?
Examinee:
Yes, CaCl₂ can also be used, because on reaction with Na₂SO₄, a white precipitate of CaSO₄ will be formed.

Examiner :
Give the equation involved using CaCl₂ and  Na₂SO₄.
Examinee:

Examiner :
Can any other barium salt be used to carry out the reaction.
Examinee:
Yes, any other soluble barium salt can be used in the reaction.

Examiner :
Explain why is it so?
Examinee:
Basically this reaction can be represented as:

Since the reaction is between Ba²⁺ and S0₄^2- ions, therefore, any other soluble barium salt can be used for the reaction.

Examiner:
What type of a reaction is this?
Examinee:
It is a double displacement, precipitation reaction.

Examiner:
9.80 g of  KClO₃ on heating produces 3.84 g of oxygen and the residue KCl left behind weighs 5.92 g. Show that the result illustrates the law of conservation of mass.
Examinee:
Mass of reactant (m₁)=9.80 g
Mass of productt (m₂)= 3.84+5.92 =9.76 g
Difference m₂ – m₁  =0.04 g which may be an experimental error

Examiner:

Examinee:

Examiner :
Can a combination reaction also be used to prove law of conservation of mass?
Examinee:
Yes

Examiner :
Give an example.
Examinee:
The reaction between iron and sulphur to yield iron sulphide can be used to prove the law of conservation of mass.

Examiner :
Does the law of conservation of mass hold good for nuclear reactions?
Examinee:
No, it holds good only for chemical reactions.

Examiner :
Who gave the law of conservation of mass?
Examinee:
The French chemist Antoine Lavoisier gave the law of conservation of mass.

Examiner :
In nuclear reactions, why does law of conservation of mass not hold good?
Examinee:
Because in nuclear reactions, mass is converted into energy according to the Einstein equation
E =mc².

Examiner :
Does the law hold good for physical changes also?
Examinee:
Yes, it holds good for physical changes too.

Examiner :
Give an example to prove it,
Examinee:
Ice on melting gets converted into wider. If we melt known mass of ice in a flask (weight known), the mass of water obtained in the flask remains same, which proves the law of conservation of mass during a physical change.

NCERT LAB MANUAL QUESTION

Question 1:
What are the other precipitation reactions that can be conveniently studied in the laboratory to verify this law?
Answer:
Other precipitation reactions which can prove this law is a reaction between NaCl (aq) and AgN03(aq) as per the following equation:

PRACTICAL BASED QUESTIONS
Multiple Choice Questions/VSA

Question 1:
Which of the following reactions best illustrates the law of conservation of mass?

Question 2:
In the following reaction 2NaN₃ → 2Na + 3N₂ , if 750 g of NaN₃ decompose to form 265.20 g of Na, how much N₂  is produced?
(a) 484.80 g
(b) 576.80 g
(c) 357.80 g
(d) 464.80 g

Question 3:
On heating 20 g CaCO₃ , 8.8 g Co₂ is obtained. The mass of CaO formed is
(a) 11.2 g
(b) 10.9 g
(c) 10.2 g
(d) 11.9 g

Question 4:
The law of conservation of mass was formulated by
(a) Dalton
(b) Lavoisier
(c) Newton
(d) Boyle

Question 5:
In the given equation for the formation of aluminium sulphide by heating a mixture of aluminium and sulphur
2Al+ 3S → Al₂S₃
how many gram of sulphur is needed if 54 g aluminium reacts with it to form 150 g Al₂S₃? (mass of Al = 27 g, mass of S = 32 g)
(a) 64
(b) 04
(c) 76
(d) 96

Question 6:

(a) 46 g
(b) 44 g
(c) 64 g
(d) 54 g

Question 7:
When 4 g of hydrogen combines with 32 g of oxygen, 36 g of water is formed. This observation is in accordance with
(a) law of constant composition
(b) law of conservation of mass
(c) law of reciprocal proportions
(d) law of multiple proportions

Question 8:
How many grams of hydrogen are required to produce 68 grams of ammonia if 56 grams of nitrogen are taken initially?
(a) 12 g
(b) 24 g
(c) 32 g
(d) 124 g

Question 9:
In the reaction between sodium sulphate solution and barium chloride solution, the products formed are
(a) precipitate of barium sulphate and solution of sodium chloride
(b) solution of barium sulphate and precipitate of sodium chloride
(c) barium sulphate and sodium chloride are both in solution form
(d) barium sulphate and sodium chloride both form precipitates

Question 10:
The reaction between sodium sulphate and barium chloride is a type of
(a) combination reaction
(b) exothermic reaction
(c) precipitation reaction
(d) none of the above.

Question 11:
Law of conservation of mass states that
(a) Matter can be created but cannot be destroyed
(b) Matter cannot be created but can be destroyed by burning it
(c) Matter can neither be created nor be dest-royed
(d) Matter can be created as well as destroyed

Question 12:
In the process of reacting barium chloride with sodium sulphate, which of the following statement is wrong?
(а) The solutions should be weighed carefully
(б) The solutions should be mixed thoroughly
(c) The solutions should never be stirred after mixing
(d) The beaker should be weighed again after mixing

Question 13:
The colour of the precipitate formed on mixing sodium sulphate and barium chloride is
(a) black
(b) muddy brown
(c) white
(d) colourless

ANSWER KEY
Multiple Choice Questions/VSA

1. (b)
2. (a)
3. (a)
4. (b)
5. (d)
6. (b)
7. (a)
8. (a)
9. (a)
10. (c)
11. (c)
12. (c)
13. (c)

Science Practical SkillsScience LabsMath Lab ManualMath Labs with ActivityMath Labs

One Word Substitution Meaning: One-word substitution is a process in which people use one word to replace a wordy phrase, to make the sentence structure more clear.

Looking for an easy way to Learning of new elementary english grammar and composition for class 8 answers, Solutions. You have to learn basic English Grammar topics like Tenses Verbs, Nouns, etc… In this article, we will review the best English Grammer Topics and compare them against each other

One Word Substitution for Class 8 CBSE PDF

One word substitutions are defined as single words that are used in place of a group of words to denote a person, an object, a place etc.

CBSE Class 10 English First Flight Extra Questions Chapter 6 The Hundred Dresses – II

Extract Based Questions [3 Marks each]

Read the following extracts carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Question 1.
While the class was circling the room, the monitor from the principal’s office brought Miss Mason a note. Miss Mason read it several times and studied it thoughtfully for a while. Then she clapped her hands. ‘Attention, class Everyone back to their seat.” When the shuffling of feet had stopped and the room was still and quiet, Miss Mason said, “I have a letter from Wanda’s father that I want to read to you.” Miss Mason stood there a moment and the silence in the room grew tense and expectant. The teacher adjusted her glasses slowly and deliberately.
(a) What was in the note that Miss Mason get from the principal’s office?
(b) How did Miss Mason do before reading the note and what was the reaction of class?
(c) Find out the synonym of ‘Knowingly’ used in the passage.
(d) Who wrote the note to Miss Mason?
Answer:
(a) The note that Miss Mason received from the principal’s office was a letter from Wanda’s father.
(b) Miss Mason’s reaction showed that there was something of great importance as she adjusted her glasses slowly and deliberately. Everybody in the class was silent and listened closely to the note.
(c) Deliberately
(d) Wanda’s father wrote the note to Miss Mason.

Question 2.
A deep silence met the reading of this letter. Miss Mason took off her glasses, blew on them and wiped them on her soft white handkerchief. Then she put them on again and looked at the class. When she spoke her voice was very low.
“I am sure that none of the boys and girls in Room Thirteen would purposely and deliberately hurt anyone’s feelings because his or her name happened to be a long, unfamiliar one. I prefer to think that what was said was said in thoughtlessness. I know that all of you feel the way I do, that this is a very unfortunate thing to have happened unfortunate and sad, both. And I want you all to think about it.”
(a) What did Miss Mason do when she finished reading the letter of Wanda’s father?
(b) What did Miss Mason say to the class?
(c) Find out the word in the passage which means ‘inappropriate’.
(d) What was the reaction of Miss Mason after reading the letter?
Answer:
(a) Miss Mason put off her glasses, blew on them and wiped them on her white handkerchief and then put them on again.
(b) Miss Mason advised the class to think about the whole incident which happened with Wanda and condemned them not to repeat it.
(c) Unfortunate
(d) Miss Mason was unhappy and disappointed after reading the letter as she had known about the incidents happened to Wanda as the girls teased her in the class.

Question 3.
Goodness! wasn’t there anything she could do ? If only she could tell Wanda she hadn’t meant to hurt her feelings. She turned around and stole a glance at Peggy, but Peggy did not look up. She seemed to be studying hard. Well, whether Peggy felt badly or not, she, fvfaddie, had to do something. She had to find Wanda Petronski. Maybe she had not yet moved away.      [CBSE 2014]
(a) Who does ‘she’ refer in the passage ?
(b) What does Maddie decide to do ?
(c) Find out the synonym of ‘look’ used in the passage.
(d) What was Peggy doing when Maddie looked at her?
Answer:
(a) ‘She’ refers to ‘Maddie’ in the passage.
(b) Maddie decided to find Wanda Petronski as she believed that Wanda might be at her home.
(c) Glance
(d) Peggy did not look up as she seemed to be studying hard, when Maddie looked at her.

Question 4.
I think that’s where the Petronskis live,” said Maddie, pointing to a little white house. Wisps of old grass stuck up here and there along the pathway like thin kittens. The house and its sparse little yard looked shabby but clean. It reminded Maddie of Wanda’s one dress, her faded blue cotton dress, shabby but clean. There was not a sign of life about the house. Peggy knocked firmly on the door, but there was no answer. She and Maddie went around to the back-yard and knocked there. Still there was no answer.
(a) What does the house of Petronski remind to Maddie?
(b) Why did they knock the door of the house?
(c) Find out the word which means ‘dirty’ and of low quality as used in the passage.
(d) How did Wanda’s house look?
Answer:
(a) The house of Petronski reminded Maddie of Wanda’s blue cotton dress as it was very neat and clean just.
(b) They knocked the door of the house because they were . hopeful that Wanda was still there.
(c) Shabby
(d) Wanda’s lived in a little white house which looked shabby but clean.

Question 5.
At last Maddie sat up in bed and pressed her forehead tight in her hands and really thought. This was the hardest thinking she had ever done. After a long, long time, she reached an important conclusion.
She was never going to stand by and say nothing again. If she ever heard anybody picking on someone because they were funny looking or because they had strange names, she’d speak up. Even if it meant losing Peggy’s friendship. She had no way of making things right with Wanda, but from now on she would never make anybody else that unhappy again.                [CBSE2015]
(a) What decision did Maddie take after a long time?
(b) Why was it difficult to Maddie to make things right with Wanda?
(c) Find out the word which means the summing up of an argument.
(d) What could be the result of Maddie’s changed attitude after Wanda’s incident?
Answer:
(a) Maddie decided not to keep quiet and stop others from making fun of anyone because of their looks or names.
(b) It was difficult for Maddie to make things right with Wanda because she had left the school and she had shifted to another city.
(c) Conclusion
(d) After Wanda’s incidents Maddie decided not to make fun of others and she knew that she might loose Peggy’s friendship.

Question 6.
On Saturday Maddie spent the afternoon with Peggy. They were writing a letter to Wanda Petronski. It was just a friendly letter telling about the contest and telling Wanda she had won. They told her how pretty her drawings were. And they asked her if she liked where she was living and if she liked her new teacher. They had meant to say they were sorry, but it ended up with their just writing a friendly letter, the kind they would have written to any good friend, and they signed it with lots of X’s for love. They mailed the letter to Boggins Heights, writing ‘Please Forward’ on the envelope.
(a) What did Maddie and Peggy write in the letter to Wanda?
(b) How did they end the letter and why?
(c) Find out the synonym of ‘competition’ used in passage.
(d) How were Peggy and Maddie feeling when they wrote a letter to Wanda?
Answer:
(a) Maddie and Peggy wrote a friendly letter asking Wanda about her new house and school, they also informed her that she had won the drawing contest.
(b) They ended the letter with lots of X’s to show their love and friendship to Wanda. It was their way of apologising indirectly.
(c) Contest
(d) Peggy and Maddie were ashamed of their behaviour to Wanda so they wrote a friendly letter to her.

Question 7.
Weeks wenfcby and still Wanda did not answer. Peggy had begun to forget the whole business, and Maddie put herself to sleep at night making speeches about Wanda, defending her from great crowds of girls who were trying to tease her with, “How many dresses have you got ?” And before Wanda could press her lips together in a tight line, the way she did before answering, Maddie would cry out, “Stop!” Then everybody would feel ashamed the way she used to feel.
Now it was Christmas time and there was snow on the ground. Christmas bells and a small tree decorated the classroom. On the last day of school before the holidays, the teacher showed the class a letter she had received that morning.              [CBSE 2011]
(a) What happened at night with Maddie when she thought of Wanda?
(b) What did the teacher show the class on the last day of school before the holidays?
(c) Find out the word which means ‘made something more attractive’.
(d) Did Wanda reply the letter of Maddie and Peggy?
Answer:
(a) Maddie put herself in the thought of Wanda and the dress game. She made up speeches about how she would defend Wanda from other girls.
(b) The teacher showed a letter from Wanda to the class on the last day of school before the holidays.
(c) Decorated
(d) No, Wanda didn’t reply them. Peggy had begun to forget the whole incident but Maddie still dreamed about that.

Question 8.
Tears blurred her eyes and she gazed for a long time at the picture. Then hastily she rubbed her eyes and studied it intently. The colours in the dress were so vivid that she had scarcely noticed the face and head of the drawing. But it looked like her, Maddie! It really looked like her own mouth. Why it really looked like her own self! Wanda had really drawn this for her. Excitedly, she ran over to Peggy’s.
(a) Who does ‘She’ refer in the passage?
(b) Why did she run over to Peggy?
(c) Find the word which has same meaning as ‘hardly’ used in the passage.
(d) Why was Maddie amazed to see the picture? Who sent it Maddie?
Answer:
(a) ‘She’ refers to ‘Maddie’ in the passage.
(b) She ran over to Peggy because she had noticed her own face in the drawing gifted to her by Wanda and she wanted to know if same is the case with the drawing gifted to Peggy.
(c) Scarcely
(d) Maddie was amazed to see the picture as it had her face. Wanda sent it to her as a gift.

Short Answer Type Questions [2 Marks each]

Question 1.
State the reason behind the letter of Mr Petronski, Wanda’s father ?
Answer:
Mr Petronski, Wanda’s father wrote the letter because he was upset to know about what all his daughter had to go through because of her strange name.

Question 2.
What do you think about Wanda’s-action of not coming to school anymore?    [CBSE 2016]
Answer:
Wanda never replied to anyone against their misbehaviour. But due to insult she faced, she decided not to come to school anymore. It was very mature of her age to teach them lesson without any argument.

Question 3.
How did Peggy and Maddie try to amend for their behavior towards Wanda?       [CBSE 2015]
Answer:
Both Peggy and Maddie decided to change their behaviour as Peggy had tried to justify that it was not her dress for which she teased her. Maddie decided not to be a mute spectator and promised herself that she would try to protect if anyone would be mocked down.

Question 4.
What impression do you form of Wanda Petronski on the basis of reading the lesson ‘The Hundred Dresses’?         [CBSE 2012]
(or)
What kind of a girl was Wanda Petronski?
Answer:
Wanda Petronski was a polish girl who was very simple. She used to keep herself calm and silent in every condition and never reacted when Peggy teased her and took it lightly. She always replied everyone with a smile. She even gifted her drawings to Peggy and Maddie which showed her innocent and loving behaviour.

Question 5.
Why did Maddie rush to Peggy’s house while gazing at the drawing ?
Answer:
Maddie rushed to Peggy’s house while gazing at the drawing because she had seen her face in the drawing and wanted to confirm about Peggy for the same.

Question 6.
Why did Peggy and Maddie assume that Wanda had received their letter ?
Answer:
Peggy and Maddie assumed that Wanda had received their letter because in her letter to Miss Mason, Wanda requested her to gift her drawings to both of them.

Question 7.
Why did Maddie have sleepless nights ?
Answer:
Maddie had sleepless nights because she was very upset about what all had happened and couldn’t amend her behaviour towards Wanda as she had shifted to some other city.

Question 8.
What did the children of room thirteen do on the Christmas eve?
Answer:
The children of room thirteen decorated their room with great love and affection. They decorated it with Christmas bells and a chirstmas tree.

Question 9.
Why was there no reply of the letter written to Wanda by the girls ?       [CBSE 2012]
Answer:
The girls, Maddie and Peggy, didn’t receive any reply from Wanda either because of her anger towards them or because they wrote the address of her old house in Boggins heights and not of her new house.

Question 10.
What did Peggy say to Maddie when they did not find her at Boggins Heights?
Answer:
Peggy told Maddie that Wanda had won because of her teasing that inspired her to draw such beautiful dresses otherwise, she would not have been able to win the contest.

long Answer (Value Based) Type Questions [8 Marks each]

Question 1.
What did Maddie and Peggy write in the letter to Wanda ? What happened to it ? How did Maddie behave even though Peggy had begun to forget the whole business?
Answer:
Peggy and Maddie wrote a friendly letter to Wanda. Rather than being sorry they asked her about her new school, new teacher. They told her about the result of drawing contest which she had won and that her drawings were very beautiful. They meant to say sorry indirectly. They signed it with lot of X’s for love and didn’t say anything to tease her. But they did not get any reply from her. After sometime Peggy had begun to forget the whole business. But Maddie was surrounded by the thoughts of Wanda and everything that happened to Wanda. She felt guilty and decided not to be silent anymore so that other might not feel ashamed like her.

Question 2.
 You are ‘Wanda’. You are deeply hurt by the behaviour of your classmates. Express your feelings in the form of a diary entry.      [CBSE 2014]
Answer:
Tuesday , 30th March 20XX 10:00 AM Dear diary,
I am very much aggrieved and disturbed by the insulting words of my classmates: Peggy and Maddie as both of them leave no stone unturned to look me down. And being a Polish girl having a long name, I feel helpless to revert them in the same coin. Peggy is vain; she teases me by asking about my dress. She asks me how many dresses, shoes, hats etc do I have. When I reply that I have a 100 dresses and sixty pairs of shoes; – they ask whether all of them are of different colours and designs. Maddie always remains calm and thus supports Peggy in doing so; she lacks courage to state what is right and what is wrong.
I never react and try to smile at their irritating questions because I know, there will be no difference, between me and them if I too turn the table to their side in the same way. Now that my father has come to know what I am going through, he has decided to shift to another city in order to avoid confrontation and racism as such humiliating circumstances can neither be tolerated nor can be accepted.

Question 3.
Give a character sketch of Wanda Petronski?
Answer:
Wanda Petronski a polish girl has shifted to America with her parents and younger brother. She is very kind and simple-hearted; she never behaves badly with anyone. She feels disturbed when Peggy teases her. But she replies confidently and courageously to what Peggy says to her. She wears the same blue faded dress everyday but she never complains about anything. She is very talented and has a good hand at drawing. She also wins the drawing contest and thus shows her creative side.
She is forgiving and generous as she forgives Peggy and Maddie by gifting them two of her drawings in which she draws their faces.
So, it can be said that she is a mature, sensible and loving girl who cares about everyone.

Question 4.
How can you say that Maddie is an emotional girl ? Compare and contrast Maddie and Peggy.
Answer:
By a close reading of the lesson it can be said that Maddie is an emotional girl. Being a close friend of Peggy she remains by her side when Peggy teases Wanda but she feels bad for her. She decides to write a note to Peggy to stop teasing Wanda but tears it as she doesn’t want to be the next target of fun. In the end she decides to stand against anyone who teases others even if she has to lose her friend, which shows her emotional attribute.
As compared to Maddie, Peggy is an arrogant girl. She teases Wanda by asking her about dresses, but she is not cruel as she helps children from bullids and cries when she sees an animal being hurt. But she tries to make fun of Wanda everytime and defends herself.
So, both the girls have different personalities and attributes which can be directed by their actions.

Question 5.
“The Hundred Dresses – II” gives out a moral lesson of what a man should be like as Wanda displays herself in the given situation. Wanda by her behaviour towards Peggy and Maddie shows her exalted character as is seen in her letter. How far would you agree with her and justify such a behaviour in all persons as essential? Write a paragraph on such an aspect.     [CBSE 2015]
Answer:
Wanda Petronski’s letter highlights her greatness which gives us a view of her nature as a simple, loving, caring, and friendly human being. She gifts her drawings to Peggy and Maddie though they tease her a lot. It shows how great she is as it requires a lot of courage and patience to do so. An ordinary person cannot do that and would definitely hate them but Wanda shows polite and peaceful traits of her character.
In our society it is very difficult to find such a character but such traits are a must to be a good human being. Here, in our society, people tease others with racist remarks, which is not a sign of good culture.
By answering in a polite and friendly manner Wanda displays to be a humble person.
We all should try to have or acquire such traits in our character so that everyone could praise us and we can live peacefully.

For More Resources

• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English
• CBSE Class 10 English First Flight Chapter Wise Question Bank
• CBSE Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet Chapter Wise Question Bank
• CBSE Class 10 English First Flight Extra Questions
• CBSE Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet Extra Questions
• CBSE Revision Notes for Class 10 English First Flight
• CBSE Revision Notes for Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet

Looking for an easy way to Learning of new elementary english grammar and composition for class 7 answers, Solutions. You have to learn basic English Grammar topics like Tenses Verbs, Nouns, etc… In this article, we will review the best English Grammer Topics and compare them against each other.

Verb Exercises for Class 7 CBSE With Answers Pdf

The tense simply shows the time of an action or state of being as shown by a verb. Tenses are usually manifested by the use of specific forms of verbs, particularly in their conjugation patterns. Time can be split into three periods: the present, the past and the future.

Let’s recall all the verb forms which you might have read in your previous sessions.

Present Tense
The present tense is used to talk about an action happening in the present. In this tense, we talk about the present. There are four types of Present tense.

Simple Present Tense

Simple Present	Subject + 1st Verb + Object	More Examples
	1st Verb+ s/es → (He, She, It, any Name, Singular noun)	A: Rahul speaks. N: Rahul does not speak. Q: Does Rahul speak? A → Affirmative N → Negative Q → Question
	1st form of Verb → (I, We, They, You, Plural Noun)
	Eg. 1. He walks.
	2. She does her job.
	3. I play.
	4. You teach me the lesson.
Present Continuous	Subject +is/am/are (Helping Verb+lst form of verb + ing+ Object	More Examples
	Is → (He, She, It, any Name, Singular Noun)	A: Rahul is speaking. N: Rahul is not speaking. Q: Is Rahul speaking? A → Affirmative N → Negative Q → Question
	Am → I
	Are → (We, They, You, Plural Noun)
	E.g. 1. He is walking.
	2. She is doing her job.
	3. I am playing.
	4. You are teaching me the lesson.
Present Perfect	Subject + Has/Have (Helping Verb)+3rd form of verb + Object	More Examples
	Has → (He, She, it, any name, Singular noun)	A: He has spoken. N: He has not spoken. Q: Has he spoken?
	Have → (I, We, They, You, Plural Noun)
	E.g. 1. He has worked.
	2. She has done her job.
	3. I have played.
	4. You have taught me the lesson.
Present Perfect Continuous	Subject + have/has (helping verb) + been + 1st form of verb + ing + Object	More Examples
	Has → (He, She, It, any Name, Singular noun)	A: He has been speaking. N: He has not been speaking. Q: Has he been speaking?
	Have → (I, We, They, You, Plural Noun)
	E.g. 1. He has been working.
	2. She has been doing her job.
	3. I have been playing.
	4. You have been teaching me.

Past Tense
Past tense is used to talk about an action that took place in past. In this tense, we talk about the past. There are four types of Past tense.

Simple Past	Subject + 2nd form of Verb  + Object	More Examples
	E.g. 1. He walked.	A: He spoke. N: He did not speak. Q: Did he speak? A → Affirmative N → Negative Q → Question
	2. She did her job.
	3. I played.
	4. You taught me the lesson.
Past Continuous	Subject + was/were (Helping verb) + 1st form of verb + ing + Object	More Examples
	Was → (I, He, She, It, any Name, Singular noun)	A: He was speaking. N: He was not speaking. Q: Was he speaking?
	Were → (We, They, You, Plural Noun)
	Eg.l. He was walking.
	2. She was doing her job.
	3. I was Playing.
	4. You were teaching the lesson.
Past Perfect	Subject+ Had (Helping Verb) + 3rd form of verb + Object	More Examples
	E.g. 1. He had worked.	A: He had spoken. N: He had not spoken. Q: Had he spoken?
	2. She had done her job.
	3. I had played.
	4. You had taught me the lesson.
Past Perfect Continuous	Subjeet+ had (helping verb)+been+1st form of verb + ing+ Object	More Examples
	E.g. 1. He had been working.	A: He had been speaking. N: He had not been speaking. Q: Had he been speaking?
	2. She had been doing her job.
	3. I had been playing.
	4. You had been teaching.

Future Tense
The future tense is used to talk about an action that might take place ¡n future. In this sense, we talk about the future. There are four types of Future tense.

Simple Future	Subject + will /shall + 1st form of verb + Object	More Examples
	E.g. 1. He will walk.	A: He will speak. N: He will not speak. Q: Will he speak? A → Affirmative N → Negative Q → Question
	2. She will do her job.
	3. I shall play.
	4. You will teach me the lesson.
Future Continuous	Subject + will/shall (Helping Verb) + be + 1st form of verb+ ing+ Object	More Examples
	E.g. 1. He will be walking.	A: He will be speaking. N: He will not be speaking. Q: Will he be speaking?
	2. She will be doing her job.
	3. I shall be Playing.
	4. You will be teaching the lesson.
Future Perfect	Subject+ will/shall (Helping Verb) + have  + 3rd form of verb + Object
	E.g. 1. He will have worked.
	2. She will have done her job.	More Examples
	3. I shall have played.	A: He will have spoken. N: He will not have spoken. Q: Will he have spoken?
	4. You will have taught me the lesson.
Future Perfect Continuous	Subject + will + have + been + 1st form of verb + ing + Object
	E.g. 1. He will have been working.
	2. She will have been doing her job.	More Examples
	3. I will have been playing.	A: He will have been speaking. N: He will not have been speaking. Q: Will he have been speaking?
	4. You will have been teaching.

Verb Exercises With Answers Pdf Class 7 CBSE

A. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of verbs. Use helping verb if needed. (simple present or present continuous). The first one has been done for you.

1. Every Monday, Sally (drive) drives her kids to football practice.
2. Usually, I (work) _____________ as a secretary at ABT, but this summer I (study) _____________ French at a language school in Paris. That is why I am in Paris.
3. Shhhhh! Be quiet! John (sleep) _____________
4. Don’t forget to take your umbrella. It (rain) _____________
5. I hate living in Mumbai because it (rain, always) _____________!
6. I’m sorry I can’t hear what you (say) _____________ because everybody (talk) _____________ so loudly.
7. Mohan (write, currently) _____________ a book about his adventures in Tibet. I hope he can find a good publisher when he is finished.
8. Do you want to come over for dinner tonight? Oh, I’m sorry, I can’t. I (go) _____________ to a movie tonight with some friends.
9. The business cards (normally) _____________ printed by a company in New York. Their prices (be) _____________ reasonable, yet the quality of their work is quite good.
10. This delicious chocolate (be) _____________ made by a small chocolatier in Zurich, Switzerland.

B. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of verbs. Use helping verb where needed. (simple past or past perfect). The first one has been done for you.
1. When he (wake up) wokeup his mother (already/prepare) had already placed breakfast.
2. We (go) _____________ to London because our friends (invite) _____________ us.
3. He (hear) the news, (go) _____________ to the telephone and (call) _____________ a friend.
4. When she (start) _____________ learning English she (already /learn) _____________. French.
5. Ditya (already/type) _____________ three pages when her computer (crash) _____________.
7. Before that day we (never/think) _____________ of traveling to Japan.
8. I (know) _____________ him a long time before I (meet) _____________ his family.
9. They (not/know) _____________ where to meet us because nobody (tell) _____________ them.
10. It (be) _____________ cloudy for days before it (begin) _____________ to rain.

C. Put the verbs into the correct tense. (Simple Past or Present Perfect). The first one has been done for you.
1. Since computers were first introduced to the public in the early 1980’s, technology (change) _____________ has changed a great deal. The first computers (be) _____________ simple machines designed for basic tasks. They (have, not) _____________ much memory and they (be, not) _____________ very powerful. Early computers were often quite expensive and customers often (pay) _____________ thousands of dollars for machines which actually (do) _____________ very little. Most computers (be) _____________ separate, individual machines used mostly as expensive typewriters or for playing games.

2. Times (change) _____________ computers (become) _____________ powerful machines with very practical applications. Programmers (create) _____________ a large selection of useful programs which do everything from teaching foreign languages to bookkeeping. We are still playing video games, but today’s games (become) _____________ faster, more exciting and interactive adventures. Many computer users (get, also) _____________ on the Internet and (begin) _____________ communicating with other computer users around the world. We (start) _____________ to create international communities online. In short, the simple, individual machines of the past (evolve) _____________ into an international World Wide Web of knowledge.

D. Fill each blank with the correct tense form of the word given within brackets. Use helping verbs wherever required. The first one has been done for you.

1. He had married her two years before we met. (marry)
2. When I saw you, I realised that we _____________ (already, meet)
3. She _____________ on the phone for a few minutes when I came, (talk)
4. She _____________ the house when the dog started following her outside, (leave)
5. They _____________ away from the eagle when it suddenly took their food from the bag. (run)
6. I lost the key that she _____________ to me. (give)
7. _____________ the food before the lights went off? (you, finish)
8. We _____________ the play when the lights went off. (watch)
9. He was really angry because he _____________ for more than half an hour when I arrived, (wait)
10. I _____________ to get tickets for that play for months before my friend finally got them, (try)

E. Fill in the blanks with correct form of the verbs. Use helping verbs wherever needed. (Simple Past or Past Continuous). The first one has been done for you.
1. The receptionist (welcome) welcomed the guests and (ask) asked them to fill in the form.
2. The car (break) _____________ down and we (have) _____________ to walk home.
3. The boys (swim) _____________ while the girls (sunbath) _____________.
4. My father (come) _____________ in, (look) _____________ and (tell) _____________ me to tidy up my room.
5. While one group (prepare) _____________ dinner the others (collect) _____________ wood for the campfire.
6. While the parents were (have) _____________ breakfast the children were (run) _____________ about.
7. Martha (turn) _____________ off the light and (go) _____________ to bed.

F. Fill in the blanks with correct form of the verbs. Use helping verbs wherever needed. (Simple Future or Future Perfect). The first one has been done for you.

1. Tomorrow I think I (start) will start my new project.
2. I (finish) _____________ it by the end of this month.
3. The teacher (probably/assign) _____________ a test to his students next Monday.
4. He (correct) _____________ it by the end of next week.
5. My friend (certainly/get) _____________ a good mark.
6. By 9 o’clock, we (finish) _____________ our homework.
7. They (leave) _____________ the classroom by the end of the hour.
8. I think I (start) _____________ my trip tomorrow.

G. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb. Use helping verbs wherever needed. (Present Continuous/Present Perfect Continuous). The first one has been done for you.
1. It (rain) has been raining all week. I hope it stops by Saturday because I want to go to the beach.
2. A: Where is Gary?
B: He (study, in the library) _____________ for his German test on Wednesday. In fact, he (prepare) _____________ for the test every day for the last week.
3. You look really great! (you, go) _____________ to the fitness center?
4. Sunil, where have you been? We (wait) _____________ for you since 1 P.M.
5. A: What is that sound?
B: A car alarm (ring) _____________ somewhere down the street. It (drive) _____________ me crazy -I wish it would stop! It (ring) _____________ for more than twenty minutes.
6. Mohit’s English (improve, really) _____________ isn’t it? He (watch) _____________ American television programs and (study) _____________ his grammar every day since he first arrived in America. Soon he will be totally fluent.
7. A: You look a little tired. (You, get) _____________ enough sleep lately?
B: Yes, I (sleep) _____________ relatively well. I just look tired because I (feel) _____________ a little sick since Monday.
A: I hope you feel better soon.
B: Thanks. I (take, currently) _____________ some medicine, so I should feel better in a couple of days.

H. Put the verb into the correct Past perfect and Past Perfect Continuous. The first one has been done for you.

I’m sorry I left without you last night, but I told you to meet me early because the show started at 8:00.1 (try) (a) _____________ had been trying to get tickets for that play for months, and I didn’t want to miss it. By the time I finally left the coffee shop where we were supposed to meet, I (have) (b) _____________ five cups of coffee and I (wait) (c) _____________ for over an hour. I had to leave because I (arrange) (d) _____________ to meet Kiran in front of the theater.

When I arrived at the theater, Kiran (pick, already) (e) _____________ up the tickets and she was waiting for us near the entrance. She was really angry because she (wait) (f) _____________ for more than half an hour.

She said she (give, almost) (g) _____________ up and (go) (h) _____________ into the theater without us.

Kiran told me you (be) (i) _____________ late several times in the past and that she would not make plans with you again in the future. She mentioned that she (miss) (j) _____________ several movies because of your late arrivals.

I think you owe her an apology. And in the future, I suggest you to be on time!

I. Put the verb into the correct Present Perfect/Past Perfect/Present Perfect Continuous/ Past Perfect Continuous.

1. It is already 9:30 pm and I (wait) have been waiting here for over an hour. If Harshit does not get here in the next five minutes, I am going to leave.

2. I was really angry at Harshit yesterday. By the time he finally arrived, I (wait) _____________ for over an hour. I almost left without him.

3. Did you hear that Vijay was fired last month? He (work) _____________ for that import company for more than ten years and he (work) _____________ in almost every department. Nobody knew the company like he did.

4. I (see) _____________ many pictures of the pyramids before I went to Egypt. Pictures of the monuments are very misleading. The pyramids are actually quite small.

5. Sarah (climb) _____________ the Matterhorn, (sail) _____________ around the world, and (go) _____________ on safari in Kenya. She is such an adventurous person.

6. When Meena came into the office yesterday, her eyes were red and watery. I think she (cry) _____________.

J. Put the verb into the correct Future perfect and Future perfect Continuous. The first one has been done for you.

1. By the time we get to Chicago this evening, we (drive) will have driven more than four hundred miles. We are going to be exhausted.

2. When Sarah goes on vacation next month, she (study) _____________ German for over two years. She should be able to communicate fairly well while she is in Austria.

3. I have not traveled much yet; however, I (visit) _____________ the Grand Canyon and San Francisco by the time I leave the United States.

4. By the time you finish studying the verb tense tutorial, you (master) _____________ all the tenses.

5. Drive faster! If you don’t hurry up, she (deliver) _____________ the baby by the time we get to the hospital.

Looking for an easy way to Learning of new elementary english grammar and composition for class 8 answers, Solutions. You have to learn basic English Grammar topics like Tenses Verbs, Nouns, etc… In this article, we will review the best English Grammer Topics and compare them against each other.

Gap Filling Exercises for Class 8 CBSE With Answers Pdf

A gap-fill test is an exercise in which words are removed from a text and replaced with spaces. The learner has to fill each space with the missing word or a suitable word. It may be a verb, determiner, preposition, conjunction or any other part of speech.

Gap Filling Exercises Solved Example With Answers for Class 8 CBSE

Complete the following passage.

1. Everybody (a) ___________ an aim or an ambition in life. There are, however, some persons who do not plan (b) ___________ careers, (c) ___________ have no aim in life, (d) ___________ who have no aim in life are a ship without a rudder or an envelope (e) ___________ an address. They (f) ___________ tossed to and fro by circumstances.
Answer.
a. should have
b. their
c. They
d. Those
e. without
f. are

Gap Filling Exercises Practice Example for Class 8 CBSE

Complete the following passages.

1. A coward (a) ___________ in constant dread. His heart sinks when he hears (b) ___________ death, (c) ___________ day starts with fear and ends with fear. The possibility of war, famine, earthquake or a flood makes a coward shudder (d) ___________ fear. He eats his food with suspicion thinking there (e) ___________ poison in it. He (f) ___________ enjoy a sound sleep.

2. Dr. Kalam (a) ___________ born in Tamil Nadu on October 15,1931. (b) ___________ having received his education at Schwartz High School, he graduated (c) ___________ St. Joseph College. Kalam was honoured (d) ___________ Padma Bhushan in 1981. Dr. Kalam (e) ___________ a true patriot and a great citizen.

3. The Christian world was shocked to hear (a) ___________ passing away of Pope John Paul II in the Vatican on April 2, 2005. This (b) ___________ to an end the third longest papacy in history. Hundreds of churches in the Italian capital rang the death-knell (c) ___________ hearing the news of the death of Pope John Paul II. Pope John was (d) ___________ to (e) ___________ a champion of the poor and the downtrodden.

4. Ancient India was far (a) ___________ of others in the field of medicine and surgery. India (b) ___________ textbooks on medicine and there were hospitals. Dhanwantri is the legendary founder of (c) ___________ Indian science of medicine, (d) ___________ best known old textbooks, however, date (e) ___________ the early centuries of (f) ___________ Christianera.

Articles are used to indicate the number of singular nouns (a, an) and to specify which noun is being talked about (the). A and an are indefinite articles. They are used to refer to a singular countable noun in general or for the first time.

Looking for an easy way to Learning of new elementary english grammar and composition for class 7 answers, Solutions. You have to learn basic English Grammar topics like Tenses Verbs, Nouns, etc… In this article, we will review the best English Grammer Topics and compare them against each other.

Exercise on Articles for Class 7 CBSE With Answers

The is a definite article. It is used to refer to a particular noun, or when both the speaker and hearer know what is being referred to.
Examples:

• Shweta feels like eating an egg.
• Aamir is reading the comic book Shweta gave him.

Α/ΑΝ
Both a and an are used with singular countable nouns.
Examples:

• Little Tim is eating an orange. I have a test today.

We cannot say a gold (✗), a water (✗), a strength (✗), because these nouns are uncountable. We use a before nouns beginning with a consonant sound.
Example:

• I spotted a tiger at the national park.

We use an before nouns beginning with a vowel sound.
Example:

• We also saw an ostrich at the farm.

Note that a noun may begin with one of the five vowel letters (a, e, i, o, u) but begin with a consonant sound. A noun may also begin with a consonant but have a vowel sound. We use a or an based on the sounds, not letters.

Examples:

• Neha has a university degree. (“university’ is spelled with a vowel, but pronounced ‘yoo – niversity’)
• This is a one – way road. (‘one’ is spelled with a vowel, but pronounced ‘won’)
• Sumit is an honest trader. (silent consonant ‘h’in the beginning, so begins with an ‘o’ sound)

If there is an adjective before the noun, the same rule applies. If the adjective has a vowel sound, use an; if it has a consonant sound, use a.
Examples:

• It was a bad orange.
• I just finished an excellent book.

THE
The is used:
before some proper nouns such as, names of monuments, oceans, mountain ranges, holy books, directions, seas, rivers, newspapers, magazines, families and titles, etc.
Examples:

• the Taj Mahal, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Bible, the Arabian Sea, the Nile, the Khans, the Prime Minister, the Caravan

before names of some countries
Examples:

• the West Indies, the United States of America

before names of things that are unique and one of a kind
Examples:

• the sun, the Earth

before a singular common noun which represents the entire class
Examples:

• the cow, the peacock

before all superlatives Examples: the sweetest song, the darkest cloud before ordinals and other similar adjectives that show order
Examples:

• the fifth key, the next chapter

with parallel structures
Example:

• The sooner you go, the better.

Repetition Of Articles
In some cases, it is important to repeat the articles to make the meaning clear. If there are two or more adjectives in the same sentence referring to the same noun, the article is used before the first adjective only. If different adjectives refer to different pounds, we must add an article before each adjective.

Examples:

• Sumit has a black and white cat. (Sumit has a cat which is black and white in colour.)
• Sumit has a black and a white cat. (Sumit has two cats, one is black and the other is white.)

Presentation:
Read the picture story.

A. Answer the following questions.
(i) Where did the narrator visit?
(ii) Describe an ice-cream workshop?
(iii) Why did the narrator feel delighted at the end of the story?

Articles Exercises With Answers for Class 7 CBSE

A. Fill in the blanks with suitable articles and put a cross (x) where it is not required.

1. I like _____________ blue T-shirt over there better than _____________ red one.
2. Their car does 150 miles _____________ hour.
3. Where’s _____________ USB drive I lent you last week?
4. Do you still live in _____________ Bihar?
5. Is your mother working in _____________ old office building?
6. Manya’s father works as _____________ electrician.
7. The tomatoes are 20 rupees _____________ kilo.
8. What do you usually have for _____________ breakfast?
9. Bunty has _____________ terrible headache.
10. After this tour you have _____________ whole afternoon free to explore the city.

B. Decide and then write, whether to use the definite article ‘the’ or not Put a cross if the article is not required.

1. Many home remedies are not very helpful and _____________ old ‘ice is good for a skin burn’ remedy is no exception.
2. _____________ slowest mammal on earth is the sloth, a native of South America, which is about the size of a small dog.
3. My brother is called to _____________ stage and the whole family is so proud.
4. A girl came to school dressed as a Japanese comic character. _____________ girl’s orange and purple streaked hair gave all of us a fright.
5. _____________ vase on the top of that shelf is a antique.
6. I would like to travel to _____________ moon one day.
7. Please paint _____________ gate green.
8. I admire _____________ Priyanka Chopra very much. She is wonderful.
9. My dream is to trek across _____________ Sahara and live like a nomad for a year.
10. _____________ stress can be good for us.

C. Fill in the blanks with appropriate articles. If there is no need, put a cross mark

1. _____________ harder you try, _____________ better you become.
2. There is _____________ lot of _____________ rubbish at _____________ entrance of _____________ market.
3. An accident happened at _____________ tenth kilometer of _____________ Missouri highway.
4. Maya is _____________ new member of _____________ club that has more than a thousand members.
5. As _____________ result of _____________ heavy rain, several roads in _____________ district have been flooded and made impassable for _____________ traffic light.
6. _____________ university research vessel was destroyed in _____________ fire.
7. Several fishermen assisted by _____________ Mumbai Police, took about _____________ hour to douse _____________ flames.
8. Thousands of _____________ people rushed out of _____________ high-rise buildings yesterday, shaken by _____________ tremor from _____________ earthquake whose epicenter was off _____________ west coast of north Sumatra.
9. _____________ tremor, measuring 6.5 on _____________ Richter scale, was recorded at _____________ seismological stations in _____________ country.

10. Although _____________ flood level is below _____________ danger level, _____________ villagers have been asked to evacuate to _____________ nearest relief centers.

D. Fill in the blanks with suitable articles A, An and The wherever necessary.

1. While walking _____________ home one evening, Sachin saw _____________ fiery glow in one of _____________ classrooms in _____________ school. He shouted for _____________ help and soon _____________ large crowd had gathered. Someone summoned _____________ fire brigade, which put out _____________ fire in half _____________ hour.

2. Miss Khanna is _____________ social worker. She visits _____________ public institutions such as _____________ prisons, _____________ hospitals, _____________ mental clinics and _____________ homes for _____________ poor and _____________ aged. She helps to look after _____________ welfare of needy.

3. As we were walking past _____________ church, _____________ mysterious object flashed over our heads into _____________ clump of _____________ bushes nearby. We rushed to _____________ spot where _____________ object had fallen and found _____________ squirming feathered thing on _____________ ground. We wondered what kind of _____________ creature it was.

4. Pankaj left _____________ school after sitting for _____________ General Certificate of Education Examination last year. He went back to _____________ school last week to obtain _____________ testimonial from _____________ headmaster. He needed _____________ testimonial for _____________ interview with _____________ airline company.

5. He lived in _____________ notorious part of _____________ district and found it necessary to carry _____________ weapon for _____________ personal safety. He, therefore, wrote to _____________ Commissioner of _____________ Police for _____________ permit to carry _____________ pistol. He was given _____________ permit.

6. _____________ Bangkok is often called _____________ Venice of _____________ East on account of _____________ numerous canals or ‘klong’ there. There is _____________ almost total absence of _____________ roads; hence, _____________ visitor has to resort to _____________ boat as _____________ means of travel along _____________ ‘klong’.

7. Michelle is _____________ French girl but she has _____________ great interest in _____________ English language. She has also cultivated _____________ interest in _____________ foreign languages, especially _____________ German and _____________ Japanese. She is majoring in _____________ linguistics at _____________ university and hopes to be _____________ language teacher.

8. Mrs. Malhotra, _____________ art teacher at our school, is _____________ artist as well. I She paints during her spare time. Her paintings have won _____________ acclaim in _____________ art circles, and she has sold _____________ great many of them for quite _____________ enormous sums of money.

9. _____________ week before _____________ few cases of _____________ cholera had been reported. As _____________ result of this, _____________ medical staff at _____________ hospital were kept busy giving inoculations to all _____________ inhabitants of _____________ district. By this they hoped to avert _____________ cholera epidemic.

10. _____________ child was complaining of _____________ headache only _____________ few minutes ago. But look at him now; he’s having _____________ most enjoyable time in _____________ playground. Isn’t it _____________ wonder _____________ way _____________ children get _____________ headaches _____________ moment _____________ homework is mentioned?

Articles are written to give information in a wide range of contexts for magazines or newspapers. They are a relatively long and sustained piece of writing. They give information on a variety of themes such as describing an event, person, someone’s life and actions, places and experiences. They can also be an expression of the writer’s opinions on topics of social interest, or arguments for or against a topic and they often offer suggestions.

Looking for an easy way to Learning of new elementary english grammar and composition for class 6 answers, Solutions. You have to learn basic English Grammar topics like Tenses Verbs, Nouns, etc… In this article, we will review the best English Grammer Topics and compare them against each other

Article Writing Topics for Class 6 CBSE Format, Examples Pdf

What is Article Writing?
An article is an expression of one’s thought on an issue or a subject logically and coherently written in meaningful paragraphs. Writing an article is a challenging task. It needs creativity, good vocabulary, good knowledge of the subject and skills to organise ideas.

Purpose

• To focus on themes like social concern, narrating an event, description of a place, etc.

The format of the article should be as follows:

Heading -Byline Introduction grab interest state the main idea Body build points develop ideas support main claim Conclusion Lay emphasis on the main idea

Points to Remember:

• Give a title that catches the attention of the reader.
• Begin with a striking opening sentence which addresses the readers and gets them interested in the topic.
• Present a strong argument for your ideas supporting it with evidence or elaboration.
• Use linking devices (however, therefore, although, even though, in order to…) to make the composition appear as a whole.
• Introduce a new point at the beginning of each paragraph that follows, to strengthen your ideas.
• Develop your ideas as much as you can to make them interesting and substantial.
• Conclude with your strongest point.
• Use passive voice, humour, emotive language, rhetorical questions to provide a specific effect.

Article Writing Topics for Class 6 CBSE Sample Example With Answer

Look at the following example of an article that appeared in a leading daily about the changing role of women in Indian society.

Changing Role of Women
Rita Sinha

The traditional image of a woman being confined to the four walls of the house has been changed. This has impacted the society tremendously.

Unlike decades back when household chores occupied women for hours, the present-day woman has various machines to slave for her. She has a machine for virtually all jobs such as the washing machine, refrigerator, oven, and dishwasher. This helps her complete her job in a fraction of the time leaving her with plenty of time to pursue her career or do more productive jobs.

Some object to women working outside giving the argument that the children are neglected. They are left unsupervised. But these days many women successfully combine a career with running a home. They ensure quality time to the children and are perfect role models for them.

In addition to giving a woman her own space and personal satisfaction, a working woman contributes tremendously to the society. One hears of a serious shortage of doctors, teachers and nurses. In this state it is extremely wasteful to give years of training, and then not put the education to its full potential. A woman’s education will certainly be useful at home, but will be more widely utilized if she follows it as a profession.

The situation in our society is gradually improving, yet there are many battles yet to be won.

Article Writing Topics for Class 6 CBSE Practice Example

A. Ria has visited a hill station recently. She was disturbed to see the plight of the green forest. She wanted to write a short article for her school magazine on ‘Trees and Their Importance’. As Ria, write an article in about 120 words.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

On The Face of It Important Questions CBSE Class 12 English

Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks, 30-40 Words)

Question.1. Why did Mr Lamb help Derry? (Compartment 2014)
Answer. Mr Lamb and Derry were both victims of physical impairment or deformity. However, unlike
Derry, who became enr^ittered because of it, Mr Lamb was always full of life. His physical suffering had failed to damper his spirit. Thus, Mr Lamb helped Derry because he wanted him to change his perspective towards life and enjoy every moment of it.

Question.2. In what sense is the friendship between Mr Lamb and Derry fruitful? (Compartment 2014)
Answer. The friendship that flourished between Mr Lamb and Derry was indeed fruitful. Mr Lamb’s unending enthusiasm and unceasing zeal to live life despite all odds helped Derry change his outlook towards life. Derry, who was just carrying on an unhappy existence, was able to see some meaning to his life after meeting Mr Lamb.

Question.3. If you were to give a different ending to the story, ‘On The Face of It’ how would you
end it? (All India 2013)
Answer. The ending of the story, ‘On the face of It’ is very sad as Mr Lamb is probably dead. In my opinion, such a beautiful story should not have such a tragic ending. In the end, Derry should have saved Mr Lamb from falling by holding the ladder at the last moment. This would have given a message of hope.

Question.4. How does Mr Lamb keep himself busy when it is a bit cool? (Delhi 2012)
Answer. Mr Lamb was a person who could survive and enjoy in all circumstances and seasons. When it got cooler, Mr Lamb kept himself busy by breaking the crab apples from the trees in his garden and making jelly from them.

Question.5. Why does Mr Lamb leave his gate always open? (All India 2011)
Answer. Mr Lamb always left his gate open because he did riot mind strangers entering his house or garden. Probably also because he was not afraid of anything.

Question.6. What is the bond that unites the two—Mr Lamb, the old and Derry, the small boy?
How does the old man inspire the little boy? (Foreign 2011)
Answer. It is physical disability in different forms, the empathetic feeling that creates a bond, which unites the old man and Derry. Although both face the same problem, there is a vast difference in the attitude to and perception of the problem.
The old man has an upper hand #n life and experience due to his age, which gives him the zest to inspire the little boy.

Question.7. What qualities of Mr Lamb attracted Derry to him? (All India 2009)
Answer. Mr Lamb was aperson full of life. Sadness or negativity found no place in his world. His physical impairment and people’s humiliating remarks had failed to dampen his spirit. His undying optimism and ever friendly attitude drew Derry towards him. For Derry, Mr Lamb was his source of inspiration.

Question.8. What did Derry’s mother think of Mr Lamb? (All India 2009)
Answer. When Derry informed his mother of Mr Lamb and that he wanted to sit with him, she did not like it. She thought that he was not a good man and she did not want her son to remain in touch with him for any purpose.

Question.9. How does Mr Lamb try to remove the baseless fears of Derry? (All India 2008)
Answer. Mr Lamb tries to remove the baseless fears of Derry by telling him that nothing in this world is so worthless that it deserves to be considered as trash. Even weeds have their own value. He advises Derry to ignore people’s comments and think of beautiful objects. He tells him to hear only those things that are worth hearing. It is attitude that matters.

Long Answer Type Questions (6 Marks, 120-150 words)

Question.10.What is the bond that unites the two—the old Mr Lamb and Derry, the small boy?
How does the old man inspire the small boy? (Delhi 2013)
Answer. Derry, a small boy, had a side of his face burnt as acid had fallen over it. Thus he grew up to be withdrawn arid defiant.
The old Mr Lamb got one of his legs blown off in a war and had a tin leg in place of it. He lived alone, but unlike Derry, he did not let his handicap rule his life.
The physical impairment somehow united the feelings of both of them. But their attitudes to their respective situations were totally different. Mr Lamb came as an angel in the sad life of Derry. He told Derry that beauty is not limited to looks but it is in how you feel from inside. He taught him to enjoy life to the fullest.
Mr Lamb’s encouraging words elevated Derry’s confidence. For the first time in his life, he wanted to live for himself. Thus he was inspired by the old man.

Question.11.The lesson, ‘On the Face of It’ is an apt depiction of the loneliness and sense of
alienation experienced by people on account of a disability. Explain. (VBQ)
Answer. Mr Lamb and Derek both were victims of physical impairment. Mr Lamb had an artificial leg made of tin and Derek had a scared face. Undoubtedly, both had suffered humiliations in life on account of their handicaps.
Derek, however, suffered not only from his handicap but also from low self-esteem, lack of confidence, desolation and withdrawal. He felt that nobody wanted him or loved him. They feared looking at his ugly face.
Looking at Derek’s example, we feel that people with physical impairment need genuine concern. They can perform better than average individuals who do not suffer from any disability, provided they get the right opportunities to prove themselves.

Question.12.Derry and Mr Lamb both are victims of physical impairment but their attitudes
towards life are completely different. Explain. (Delhi 2009)
Answer. Derry, a fourteen year old boy, did not expect anything out of life. A pessimist, he had lost all self-regard and led an isolated existence. He felt unwanted because he had a scared face. Mr Lamb, on the other hand, was full of life. Although he lived alone and had a tin leg, he kept himself busy by tending to his garden, his bees and making toffee and jelly. He welcomed everybody to his house and garden. He enjoyed sitting in the sun, reading books and gardening. Although kids mocked him by calling him ‘Lamey Lamb/ he did not bother about it. He was an apostle of optimism, enthusiasm and hope.
Thus we see that there is a striking contrast between Mr Lamb and Derry.

Question.13.Do you think Derry’s chance meeting with Mr Lamb would prove meaningful to him?
Answer giving valid reasons. (Foreign 2009)
Answer. When Derry met Mr Lamb, he was a fourteen year old boy who had lost all zest for life. He had lost all self-regard and suffered from a terrible inferiority complex due to his scared face. He hated meeting people and remained withdrawn.
After meeting Mr Lamb, Derry was filled with enthusiasm for life. Mr Lamb’s words had a profound effect on him and he changed drastically. He was not overtly conscious of his ugly face any longer. We could get a reflection of Derry’s transformation in Scene two, when he reached his house after a brief encounter with Mr Lamb.
He told his mother, “You shouldn’t believe all you hear.” He categorically told her that he wanted to go back to Mr Lamb to listen to bees singing and him talking.
In the end, he rushed to meet his mentor to keep his promise to the old man. Looking at these developments, one is bound to conclude that Derry hopefully would not become secluded once again. Derek would certainly be confident and happy in the future.

Question.14.How did Mr Lamb’s meeting with Derry become a turning point in Derry’s life?
(Delhi 2008)
Answer. Derry’s brief association with Mr Lamb changed him from a bitter, pessimistic and complex-ridden boy to a mature and confident person. His attitude towards life underwent a transformation.
He got encouraged by Mr Lamb’s unending enthusiasm and unceasing zeal to live life. Thus Mr Lamb’s unfailing optimism helped transform Derek completely. Mr Lamb’s conversation with him about everything and everybody being essentially the same, his notion of beauty being relative, his talk about pretty girls and love, his concept of the world and friendship and the incident of the timid man, all fascinated and inspired Derek.
Gradually, Derek was able to shed his old self and rediscover life. He was able to experience the joy of little things of life like rain drops falling pitter-patter on the roof. He even told his mother, “You shouldn’t believe all you hear.”
Thus, Derek’s brief association with Mr Lamb became a turning point in his life.

Important Questions for Class 12 English

A clause is a group of words that has a subject and a predicate. It contains a verb and sometimes other components too. So, how do we distinguish what is a clause and how exactly is it different from a phrase?

Looking for an easy way to learn English Grammar? then you are in right place. Here we providing basic English Grammar topics like Tenses Verbs, Nouns, etc…

Clauses Exercises With Answers for Class 10 CBSE PDF

A clause is a collection of words that contains a subject and a predicate of its own. A clause has a meaning of its own and forms a part of a larger sentence.
Examples:

• I despise cheats
• because she shouted at him

There are two kinds of clauses, subordinate clause and main clause. 1 A main clause can stand alone to make a sentence by itself.
Example:

• Brinda wrote a letter.

A subordinate clause also contains a subject and a predicate of its own, but it must be attached to another clause within a larger sentence.
Example:

• Amit worked while John played.

Kinds Of Clauses Worksheet Pdf
A subordinate (dependent) clause may function as a noun, an adjective or an adverb in a sentence.

Noun Clause Examples
Read the following sentences:
(a) I hope that I shall pass:.(noun clause)
(b) She knows what I want. (noun clause)
The underlined words are noun clauses and form parts of the sentences (a) and (b).
The noun clauses answer the question what?
The that-clause following the main clasue ‘I hope’ is also a noun clause just as ‘ What I want’ is a noun clause which follows the main clause ‘she knows’.

Adjective Clause Definition
An adjective clause works like an adjective in a sentence and modifies (describes) a noun or a pronoun.

The adjective clause begins with the relative pronoun that, who, whom, whose, which or whose and is also a relative clause.
Adjective Clause Example:

• He wears a shirt which looks nice.
• I met a boy who had helped me.

Relative Clauses Worksheet (Adjective Clauses)
These are related to people, things, places, possession, time and reason.

Relative Clauses Example:

• People: The person who/that entered the room is Mr. Vivek.
• Things: The notebooks which/that are lying on the floor are of Geography.
• Places: That’s the ground where the match took place.
• Possession: This is Mr. Sharma whose wallet was lost yesterday.
• Time: It was the year 1997 when my parents got married.
• Reason: The reason why she left the meeting all of a sudden is beyond my understanding.
• Defining Relative Clauses: These clauses give necessary information essential to the meaning of the sentence. We do not use commas in these clauses.
• Non–defining Relative Clauses: These clauses give extra information that is not essential to the meaning of the main sentence. We put them in commas.
• For example:
  Radha, who is wearing a green shirt, is the monitor of the class.

Adverb Clause Definition

Adverbial clauses of time are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event. The subordinating conjunctions after, before, since, when, while, whenever, till, as, etc. are used.

• I arrived after he had started.
  The patient had died before the doctor arrived.
  I have never seen her since she was ten years old.
  His father died when he was young.
  Someone called while you were out.
  Whenever I smiled, she smiled back.
  I shall wait here till you return.
  As I was leaving, the phone rang.
• When we refer to the present or the past, the verb in a time clause has the same tense that it would have in a main clause:
  She was standing by the door when I heard her speak.
  I haven’t talked to him since he arrived.
  He looks after the children while she goes to school.
• When we mention an event in a time clause which will happen before an event referred to in the main clause, we use the Present Perfect Tense in the time clause:
  When you have taken your lunch, you come to me.
  Inform us as soon as you have reached here.

• We use ‘when’, ‘while’, ‘as’ when we refer to circumstances in which something happens or happened:
  The doors open when I press this button.
  While he was in the house, there was a loud knock at the door.
  I watched her as she combed her hair.
• We can use ‘when’, ‘after’, ‘once’ to talk about one event happening immediately after another:
  When he died, his sons came to me for help.
  The mother goes off in search of food after the eggs have hatched.
  Once the damage is done, it takes many years for the system to recover.

• We use ‘as soon as’ when we want to refer to one event happening after a very short time:
  They heard a loud explosion as soon as they entered their house.

• When we use ‘no sooner’, the time clause begins with ‘than’:
  No sooner had he arrived than he had to leave again.
  No sooner had he sat down than the phone rang.
  No sooner had he asked the question than the answer came to him.

• When we use ‘hardly’, the time clause begins with ‘when’ or ‘before’-.
  Hardly had he entered the house when the phone rang.
  She had hardly arrived when she had to leave again.
  He had hardly opened his eyes before she asked him to leave.

• If we want to say that a situation stopped when something happened, we use ‘till’ or ‘until
  I waited for her till/until she came back.
  Let’s wait till/until the rain stops.

• We use ‘since’ to refer to a situation that began to exist at a particular time and still exists. We use the Past Simple Tense in the time clause:
  I have not met her since she was a child.
  They have known each other since he lived there.

CBSE Class 12 Case Studies In Business Studies – Consumer Protection

CONSUMER PROTECTION
Consumer Protection: Definition
Consumer protection refers to not only providing education to consumers about their rights and responsibilities, but also helping them in getting their grievances redressed

Importance of Consumer Protection from Businessman’s Point of View

• Long-term Interest of Business is assured.
• Business uses society’s resources so they need to safeguard consumer’s interests.
• Social Responsibility towards consumers as an important interest group.
• It is the moral obligation of the businessmen to give due consideration to the consumer’s interest.
• To avoid government intervention in business.

Importance of Consumer Protection from Consumers’s Point of View

• Consumer Ignorance needs to be removed
• Unorganised Consumers need a mechanism to unite themselves.
• Widespread Exploitation of Consumers needs to be checked.

Ways and Means of Consumer Protection

• Self Regulation by enlightened business firms.
• Business Associations have laid down code of conduct for businesses.
• Consumer Awareness promotes consumerism.
• Consumer Organisations provide support to the consumers.
• Government provides necessary framework to safeguard the interest of consumers.

Consumer: Definition
A ‘consumer’ is generally understood as a person who uses or consumes goods or avails of any service. A person who buys goods for commercial purpose or resale will not be considered to be a consumer.

CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT, 1986
Who can file a complaint?

• Any consumer
• Any registered consumer’s association
• The Central Government or any State Government. One or more consumers, on behalf of numerous consumers having the same interest.
• A legal heir or representative of a deceased consumer.

Rights Available to a Consumer

• Right to Information.
• Right to Choose.
• Right to be Heard.
• Right to Seek Redressal.
• Right to Consumer Education.
• Right to Safety.

Reliefs Available to a Consumer

• To remove the defect in goods or deficiency in service.
• To replace the defective product with a new one, free from any defect.
• To refund the price paid for the product, or the charges paid for the service.
• To pay a reasonable amount of compensation for any loss or injury suffered by the consumer due to the negligence of the opposite party.
• To pay punitive damages inappropriate circumstances.
• To discontinue the unfair/restrictive trade practice and not to repeat it in the future.
• Not to offer hazardous goods for sale.
• To withdraw the hazardous goods from sale.
• To cease manufacture of hazardous goods and to desist from offering hazardous services.
• To pay any amount (not less than 5% of the value of the defective goods or deficient services provided), to be credited to the Consumer Welfare Fund or any other organisation/person, to be utilised in the prescribed manner.
• To issue corrective advertisement to neutralise the effect of a misleading adverstisement.
• To pay adequate costs to the appropriate party.

Responsibilities of a Consumer

• Be aware about various goods and services available in the market.
• Buy only standardised goods and check for standardisation mark.
• Be aware about the risks associated with the products and services and use them prudently.
• Read the labels carefully.
• Assert yourself to ensure that you get a fair deal.
• Be honest in your dealings.
• Ask for a cash memo on purchase of goods or services.
• File a complaint in an appropriate consumer forum in a case of a shortcoming in the quality of goods purchased or services availed.
• Form consumer societies which would play an active part in educating consumers and safeguarding their interests.
• Show concern for the environment

CONSUMER PROTECTION
Role of Consumer Organisations and NGOs in Promoting Consumer Protection

• Educating the general public about consumer rights.
• Educating consumers through various publications.
• Conducting comparative testing of consumer products.
• Encouraging consumers to strongly protest wherever necessary.
• Filing complaints in appropriate consumer courts on behalf of the consumers.
• Providing legal assistance to consumers in seeking legal remedy. ,
• Being proactive in filing cases in consumer courts in the interest of the general public.

Names of a few Consumer Organisations and NGOs

• Consumer Coordination Council, Delhi
• Common Cause, Delhi
• Voluntary Organisation in Interest of Consumer Education (VOICE), Delhi
• Consumers’ Association, Kolkata.

REDRESSAL AGENCIES UNDER THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT
District Forum

• It comprises of three members who are appointed by the State Government concerned, namely, a President and two other members, one of whom should be a woman.
• A complaint can to be made to the appropriate District Forum when the value of the goods or services in question, along with the compensation claimed, does not exceed ? 20 lakhs.
• On receiving the complaint, the District Forum shall refer the complaint to the party against whom the complaint is filed. If required, the goods or a sample thereof, shall be sent for testing in a laboratory. The District Forum shall pass an order after considering the test report from the laboratory and hearing to the party against whom the complaint is filed.
• In case the aggrieved party is not satisfied with the order of the District Forum, he can appeal before the State Commission within 30 days of the passing of the order

State Commission

• Each State Commission comprises of a President and not less than two other members, one of whom should be a woman. They are appointed by the State Government concerned.
• A complaint can to be made to the appropriate State Commission when the value of the goods or services in question, along with the compensation claimed, exceeds Rs. 20 lakhs but does not exceed Rs. 1 crore.
• On receiving the complaint, the State Commission shall refer the complaint to the party against whom the complaint is filed. If required, the goods or a sample thereof, shall be sent for testing in a laboratory. The State Commission shall pass an order after considering the test report from the laboratory and hearing to the party against whom the complaint is filed.
• The appeals against the orders of a District Forum can also be filed before the State Commission.
• In case the aggrieved party is not satisfied with the order of the State Commission, he can appeal before the National Commission within 30 days of the passing of the order.

National Commission

• The National Commission consists of a President and at least four other members, one of whom should be a woman.
• All the members are appointed by the Central Government.
• A complaint can to be made to the National commission when the value of the goods or services in question, alongwith the compensation claimed, exceeds Rs. 1 crore.
• On receiving the complaint, the National Commission shall refer the complaint to the party against whom the complaint is filed. If required, the goods or a sample there of, shall be sent for testing in a laboratory. The National Commisson shall pass an order after considering the test report from the laboratory and hearing to the party against whom the complaint is filed.
• The appeals against the orders of a State Commission can also be filed before the National Commission and no further.
• An order passed by the National Commission in a matter of its original jurisdiction is appealable before the Supreme Court if the aggrieved party was not satisfied with the order of the National Commission.

MIND MAP

LATEST CBSE QUESTIONS

Question 1.
Indian Youth Organisation (IYO) organised a visit of its members to an old age home to inculcate the habit of social work among them. The visit revealed that the living conditions of the inmates of the old age home were not hygienic. So, the IYO members decided to clean the premises. During their cleanliness drive, they realised that the old age home also required pest control. But some of the inmates of old age home were reluctant for it because they believed that the pest control may create health problems for them. IYO, therefore decided to provide ethical, safe and odourless pest control. They showed to the inmates of old age home a pamphlet of the proposed pest control product which promised easy, inexpensive and long lasting pest control. The inmates happily agreed and the pest control was carried out. It worked for a fortnight but to their dismay the effect started wearing off. IYO contacted the pest control company which kept on postponing their visit. After waiting for a month, IYO filed a cased in the consumer court.
The consumer court was satisfied about genuineness of the complaint and issued necessary directions to the pest control company.

1. State the six directions that might have been issued by the court.
2. Also identify any two values that are being communicated by IYO to the society.
   (CBSE, Delhi 2017)

Answer:

1. The six directions that might have been issued by the court are as follows:
   Reliefs available to a consumer
   • To remove the deficiency in service.
   • To refund the charges paid for the service.
   • To pay a reasonable amount of compensation for any loss or injury suffered by the consumer due to the negligence of the opposite party.
   • To discontinue the unfair/restrictive trade practice and not to repeat it in the future.
   • To pay any amount (not less than5% of the value of the d effective goods or deficient services provided), to be credited to the Consumer Welfare Fund or any other organisation/person, to be utilised in the prescribed manner.
2. To issue corrective advertisement to neutralise the effect of a misleading advertisements.
3. The two values that are being communicated by IYO to the society are:
   • Social service
   • Promoting health and hygiene

Question 2.
Ronit Raj, a marketing manager is a patient of diabetes for which he takes medicines regularly. One day, on his tour to Patna, he met with an accident and was hospitalised. Due to doctor’s negligence a delicate nerve of his right leg was cut rendering hum crippled throughout his life. Identify the consumer right that has been violated by the doctors under the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 in the above situation. (CBSE, Sample Paper, 2017)
Answer:
Right to safety is the consumer right that has been violated by the doctors under the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 in the above situation.

Question 3.
Sirajuddin purchased a car for Rs. 15 lacs from an automobile company and found that its airbags were defective. After many complaints with the company that went unheard, he filed a case in the District Forum. He was not satisfied with the orders of the District Forum. He then appealed before the State Commission and on being dissatisfied with the orders of State Commission, he appealed before the National Commission. Sirajuddin was not satisfied with the orders of National Commission. Suggest him the highest authority where he could appeal against the decision of the National Commission.
(CBSE, Sample Paper, 2017)
Answer:
Sirajuddin cannot appeal to any other higher authority. This is because only those matters which have been directly filed in the National Commission and where the value of goods and services in question along with the compensation claimed exceed ? 1 crore are appealable before Supreme Court.

Question 4.
“Grahak Shakti”, an N.G.O. organized a workshop to discuss various issues relating to consumers. During the discussion, one of the members drew attention towards exploitation of consumers due to defective and unsafe products, adulteration, black marketing, hoarding etc. To this another member argued that consumers themselves are responsible as they do not raise collective voice against the exploitation. The Chairperson of the organization was of the opinion that it was also the duty of the businessman to take care of the interests of various stakeholders. Business organizations earn money by selling goods and services to consumers. So the interests of the stakeholders have to be well taken care of.
State three points that highlight the need for consumer protection as discussed in “Grahak Shakti’s workshop. (CBSE, Sample Paper, 2017)
Answer:
The three points that highlight the need for consumer protection as discussed in “Grahak Shakti’s workshop are described below:

• Widespread exploitation of consumers
• Unorganized consumers
• Social responsibility.

Question 5.
Manuj bought a packet of chips from a local shopkeeper and found that the ingredients given on the label were not legible. He complained about it to the company. The company sent a written apology stating that they will make sure that existing packets are withdrawn from the market and new packets with legible labels are soon made available. State the consumer right which Manuj exercised.
(CBSE, Delhi 2016)
Answer:
Right to be heard has been exercised by Manuj.

Question 6.
Suman bought a box of cheese of a reputed brand from a local shopkeeper. On opening the box, she found a piece of stone in the cheese. She reported the matter to the shopkeeper who forwarded her complaint to the concerned company. Within a week, the representative of the company visited Suman’s residence with an apology and as a replacement offered her a new cheese pack with four other varieties of cheese as compensation for the inconvenience to her. State the consumer right with Suman exercised. (CBSE, OD 2016)
Answer:
Right to seek redressal has been exercised by Suman.

Question 7.
Manvendra always went to a specific shop to buy all consumable and non-consumable goods. In this shop, a variety of products of different brands were displayed nicely and the sales person available also gave good sales presentations if required. But this shop was quite far-off from his residence. His friend Annant always wondered why Manvendra wastes so much time in going to that shop whereas there were many big brand shops situated near his residence having consumable and non-consumable goods.
Annant asked Manvendira the reason of going to that particular shop. Manvendra told that he was exercising one of his rights which he could not exercise in nearby big brand shops. State the consumer’s right which Manvendra had exercised. (CBSE, Foreign 2016)
Answer:
Right to choose has been exercised by Manvendra.

Question 8.
Vasvi purchased a bottle of pickle from the local grocery shop. The information provided on the bottle was not clear. She fell sick on consuming it. She filed a case in the District Forum under the Consumer Protection Act and got the relief.

1. Identify the important aspect neglected by the marketer in the above case.
2. Explain briefly the functions of the aspect identified in (1) above (CBSE, OD 2016)

OR
Ashima purchased a bottle of tomato-sauce from the local grocery shop. The information provided on the bottle was not clear. She fell sick on consuming it. She filed a case in the District Forum under the Consumer Protection Act and got the relief.

1. Identify the important aspect neglected by the marketer in the above case.
2. Explain briefly the functions of the aspect identified in (1) above. (CBSE, Delhi 2016)

Answer:

1. The marketer had overlooked the Labelling as it was not done appropriately for the product
2. The functions of labelling are detailed below:
   • Describes the product and specifies its contents: Labelling provides information about the core function of the product i.e. how and why the product is likely to be beneficial to the prospective buyer. It educates them about the usage and precautions related to the product. It also gives detailed information about the ingredients of the product.
   • Helps in identification of the product or brand: The label contains the logo, brand name, tagline, name and address of the manufacturer etc. of the product which helps in easy identification of the product.

Question 9.
Aman, a degree holder in Entrepreneurship came to know about Piplantri Village located in Rajasthan, where in 2006 an initiative was started in which 111 trees are planted every time a girl child is born.
To keep termites away from the trees the villagers have planted 2.5 million Aloe Vera plants around the trees. This has turned the village into an oasis, as the planting of trees led to higher water levels.
Aman decided to visit the village to start a business unit, for the processing and marketing of Aloe Vera into juices, gels and other products.
However, on visiting the village Aman found that the villagers were suffering exploitation at the hands of local merchants who were engaged in unscrupulous, exploitative trade practices like hoarding and black marketing of food products and also selling unsafe and adulterated products to the villagers.
After looking at their plight, instead of a business organisation, he decided to set up an organisation for the protection and promotion of the consumer interest of the villagers.
State the functions that the organisation established by Aman will be performing. (Any six points). (CBSE, Sample Paper 2015-16)
Answer:
Aman has set up an NGO or consumer organisation in the village for the protection and promotion of the consumer interests.
The key functions highlighting the role of a consumer association are listed below:

• Educating the general public about consumer rights by conducting training programmes, conferences and workshops.
• Publishing periodicals and other publications to give knowledge about consumer problems, legal reporting, reliefs available and other matters of interest.
• Carrying out comparative testing of consumer products in accredited laboratories to test relative qualities of competing brands and publishing the test results for the benefit of consumers.
• Encouraging consumers to strongly protest and take an action against unscrupulous, exploitative and unfair trade practices of sellers.
• Providing legal assistance to consumers by way of providing aid, legal advice etc. in seeking legal remedy.
• Filing complaints in appropriate consumer courts on behalf of the consumers. .

Question 10.
Himesh, after completing his graduation, started working with a multinational company in Delhi. But due to ill health of his parents, he had to go back to his village. There he noticed that the villagers were literate but ignorant about their rights. Many vegetable vendors
were using stones as weights to sell their vegetables. Some shopkeepers were selling food items without having the ‘FPO Mark’. The villagers did not find anything wrong with these practices. So, to create awareness among the villagers, Himesh decided to publish a weekly journal ‘Jan Jagriti.’ State the right which Himesh has exercised by doing so. (CBSE, Sample Question Paper 2015)
Answer:
Right to consumer education has been exercised by Himesh.

Question 11.
On Sonika’s birthday, her mother gave her a pair of gold earrings. After one month, Sonika observed that the earrings were losing their shine. She checked the mark on the earrings and found that it was not a proper Hallmark and her mother had been cheated by the shopkeeper. So, she filed a complaint in the District Forum which rejected it. Not satisfied by the decision of the district Forum, she was very much disturbed and after two months, she decided to appeal further.
Can Sonika appeal against the decision of the district forum? Give reason in support of your answer. (CBSE, Delhi 2015)
Answer:
No, Sonika will not be able to appeal further in the State commission. This is because two months have already passed and the appeal had to be filed within 30 days of the passing of the order by the District Forum.

Question 12.
Himanshu purchased a new car from ‘Galaxy Motors’ for Rs. 25 lakh. He was offered free insurance for the first year and three free servicing to be availed after the car had covered 5,000 km, 10,000 km and 15,000 km, respectively. When Himanshu took the car for the first free servicing, he was told that the car was not new and first service had already been availed on this car. He felt cheated and filed a complaint in the State Commission. Being not satisfied with the decision of the State Commission, after two months he decided to file an appeal against it.
Can Himanshu appeal against the decision of the State Commission? Give reason in support of your answer. (CBSE, 2015)
Answer:
No, Himanshu will not be able to appeal further against the decision of State Commission in the National Commission. This is because two months have already passed and the appeal had to be filed within 30 days of the passing of the order by State Commission.

Question 13.
Palak went to a shopkeeper to buy a hair oil. The shopkeeper forced her to buy a particular brand of hair-oil out of various available brands, irrespective of the willingness of Palak. Which right of Palak, as a consumer, has been violated? Name and explain the right.
(CBSE, Delhi 2013)
Answer:
The Right to choose has been violated in the given case as Palak was forced by the shopkeeper to buy a particular brand of hair oil.
According to the Right to Choose, the consumer has a right to choose from a variety of products at competitive prices. Also, the marketers should offer a wide variety of products to buyers.

Question 14.
Harsh asked for a bottle of mineral water from a shopkeeper. The maximum retail price printed on the bottle was Rs. 12 only whereas the shopkeeper was charging Rs. 35. In spite of many arguments, the shopkeeper was not ready to sell the bottle for less than Rs. 35. Harsh was in need of it and had no option except to buy. As an aware consumer, name and explain the right which Harsh can exercise.
(CBSE, OD, Comptt. 2013)
Answer:
As an aware customer, Harsh can exercise his Right to be Heard. The consumer has a right to be of a complaint and to be heard in case he/she is dissatisfied with a product or a service.

Question 15.
Anita purchased a book from Satish Book Store. While reading the book, she found that sixteen pages were missing. She approached the seller of the book and complained about the missing pages. The seller promised that if the publisher was ready to change the book he would change the same. After a week, the seller informed Anita that the publisher had refused to change the book.
Where can Anita file a complaint against the seller of the book? Give reason in support of your answer. Also explain who is a consumer as per “Consumer Protection Act 1986”. (CBSE, 2011)
Answer:
Since, the value of the goods or services in question, along with the compensation claimed, does not exceed Rs. 20 lakhs she will file a case in the District Forum.
A ‘consumer’ is generally understood as a person who uses or consumes goods or avails of any service. A person who buys goods for commercial purpose or resale will not be considered to be a consumer.

Question 16.
Prakhar purchased an ISI mark electric iron from Bharat Electricals. While using it, he found that it was not working properly. He approached the seller and complained about the same. The seller satisfies Prakhar by saying that he will ask the manufacturer to replace the iron. The manufacturer refused to replace and Bharat Electricals decided to file a complaint in the consumer court.
Can Bharat Electricals do this? Why? Also explain who is a consumer as per Consumer Protection Act, 1986. (CBSE, Delhi 2011)
Answer:
No, Bharat Electricals will not be able to file a complaint under Consumer Protection Act 1986 because according to this act a person is not deemed to be a customer if he buys goods for resale or commercial purpose.
Under the Consumer Protection Act 1986, a consumer is defined as:

• Any person who buys any goods for a consideration, which has been paid or promised, or partly paid and partly promised or under any scheme of deferred payment. It includes any uses of such goods, when such use is made with the approval of the buyer, but does not include a person who obtains goods for re-sale or any commercial purpose.
• Any person who hires or avails of any service, for a consideration which has been paid or promised or partly paid and partly promised or under any system of deferred payment. It includes any beneficiary of services when such services are avails of such services for any commercial purposes.

Question 17.
Reena purchased one litre of pure desi ghee from a shopkeeper. After using it, she had doubts that it was adulterated. She sent it for a laboratory test which confirmed that the ghee was adulterated. State any six reliefs available to Reena if she complains and the consumer court is satisfied about the genuineness of the complaint. (CBSE, Delhi 2011)
Answer:
The six reliefs available to Reena are listed below:

• To withdraw the hazardous goods from sale.
• To provide replacement for the defective product.
• To refund the price paid for the product, or the charges paid for the service.
• To pay a reasonable amount of compensation for any loss or injury suffered by the consumer due to the negligence of the marketer.
• Not to offer hazardous goods for sale.
• To issue corrective advertisement to neutralise the effect of a misleading advertisement.

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

Question 1.
A few days back in Uttar Pradesh, an ATM of a nationalized bank in Shahjahanpur dispensed counterfeit Rs. 2,000 notes. The victim Puneet Gupta, who withdrew a total of Rs. 10,000, was shocked when he found that one of the five notes he withdrew was a scanned copy, but the bank refused to change it. They, in fact, even refused to acknowledge that the note came out of their ATM. His friend Avneet who is banker told him that as per the Reserve Bank directive issued in May 2012, no bank can put back into circulation currency notes (of Rs. 100 and higher denominations) received by them, without first processing them for authenticity. Moreover he suggested to him to exercise a particular right and ask the bank for evidence on the kind of steps being taken by the bank to stop fake notes entering the ATM and also the number of complaints that they have received so far from consumers about fake notes coming out of their ATMs.
In context of the above case:

1. Identify and explain the right of consumer that Puneet Gupta has been suggested to exercise by his friend in the above case.
2. List any two values being ignored by the bank.

Answer:

1. Puneet Gupta has been suggested to exercise Right to information by his friend in the above case.
   According to the Right to Information, the consumer has the right to get complete information about the product that he/she may propose to buy including its contents, date of manufacture and expiry, maximum retail price, quantity, directions for use etc. Moreover, as per law, it is mandatory for the marketers to provide complete information about the product/service to buyers.
2. The two values being ignored by the bank are:
   • Responsibility
   • Loyalty

Question 2.
‘Vastra Ltd.’ is engaged in the manufacturing of apparel. Over the years, it has became a popular brand due to its good product quality and exclusive designing. The company plans to open its own retail showrooms in metropolitan cities in India. In order to meet its financial needs it has offered for subscription an IPO of Rs. 4 lakh equity shares in the price band of Rs. 430 – Rs. 445 each. As per the guidelines of SEBI, the company has provided a complete disclosure of the relevant details in its prospectus.

1. Identify and explain the right of the consumer being fulfilled by the directives of SEBI in the above mentioned case.
2. Briefly explain any two points highlighting the importance of consumer protection from the point of view of the businessmen.

Answer:

1. The Right to information is being fulfilled by the directives of SEBI in the above mentioned case.
   According to the Right to information, the consumer has the right to get complete information about the product that he/she may propose to buy including its contents, date of manufacture and expiry, maximum retail price, quantity, directions for use etc. Moreover, as per law, it is mandatory for the marketers to provide complete information about the product/service to buyers.
2. The importance of consumer protection from businessmen’s point of view is outlined below:
   • Long-term interest of business: In order to ensure long term interest of business it is important that businessmen strive to earn profits only through consumer satisfaction. This will not only ensure the survival of business but also lead to its growth in the future.
   • Business uses society’s resources: Since a business employs society’s resources to create offerings so they need to safeguard the consumer’s interests.

Question 3.
HomeShop18 is an online and on-air retail and distribution venture of the Network 18 Group, India. It is a part of the Networkl8 Media and Investments Limited which is owned and operated by Reliance Industries. Currently, HomeShopl8.com comprises of more than 15 categories namely, Mobiles, Health & Beauty, Apparel, Jewellery, Home & Kitchen, Household Appliances etc. to name a few. The company offers a wide variety of goods under each of these categories.

1. Identify and explain the relevant consumer right being promoted by the company.
2. Also mention any two values being reflected through this approach adopted by the company.

Answer:

1. The Right to Choose is being promoted by the company. According to the Right to Choose, the consumer has a right to choose from a variety of products at competitive prices. Also, the marketers should offer a wide variety of products to buyers.
2. The two values being reflected through this approach adopted by the company are increasing standard of living and technological development .

Question 4.
In one of the cases, the Goa State Commission held that “The Consumer Protection Act is not for entertaining or compensating speculative transactions or losses”. It held that compensation cannot be given under the Consumer Protection Act to those involved in sale and purchase of shares, which are commercial transactions. The order follows an appeal by a Mumbai-based stock broker India Infoline Limited against an order of the Goa District Consumer Forum. Initially, the judgement of the Goa District Consumer Forum had awarded damages to Panaji- resident Vaman Nagesh who had lost money in share trading through a stock broker India Infoline Limited.
In context of the above case:

1. Why do ‘commercial transactions’ not fall under the purview of ‘consumer’ under the Consumer Protection Act?
2. Why do you think that the above mentioned case was initially filed in the Goa District Forum by Vaman Nagesh?
3. Where do you think Vaman Nagesh could have filed a further appeal in case he was not satisfied with the judgement passed about his case by the Goa State Commission?

Answer:

1. Under the Consumer Protection Act, a ‘consumer’ is generally understood as a person who uses or consumes goods or avails of any service. However, a person who buys goods for commercial purpose or resale will not be considered to be a consumer.
2. Presuming that the value of the securities, along with the compensation claimed, did not exceed Rs. 20 lakhs, the above mentioned case was initially filed in the Goa District Forum by Vaman Nagesh.
3. If, Vaman Nagesh was not satisfied with the order of the State Commission, he could have filed an appeal before the National Commission within 30 days of the passing of the order.

Question 5.
After completing his education, Arman opened a small restaurant in a posh market to earn his livelihood. In order to attract good clientele, he decided to install two air conditioners in the restaurant. Since he didn’t have sufficient funds to buy air conditioners of a good brand, he bought two air conditioners from a local manufacturer in Janakpuri, Delhi for Rs. 20,000 each. Later on, he found that the compressor of one of the air conditioner was not working properly. Despite many complaints, the defect was not rectified by the manufacturer. So, he feels very disappointed about the issue and wants to take a legal action against the
manufacturer to not only get compensation but also to save other people from being duped by the local manufacturer.

1. Name the redressal agency to which he can approach to file complaint against the local manufacturer.
2. State any two directions which the consumer court can issue to the local manufacturer after being satisfied with the genuineness of the complaint.
3. State any two values being ignored by this automobile company.

Answer:

1. He can approach the District Forum to file complaint against the local manufacturer.
2. The two directions which the consumer court can issue to the local manufacturer after being satisfied with the genuineness of the complaint are as follows:
   • To remove the defect in goods.
   • To provide replacement for the defective product
3. The two values being ignored by the local manufacturer are:
   • Honesty
   • Concern for people.

Question 6.
On her sister’s wedding, Radha decided to gift her gold earrings. When she shared her plan with her husband, he showed her an article in the daily national newspaper under the heading “Jago Grahak Jago.” The campaign included details about the various aspects that people must consider before buying any gold jewellery.

1. Why do you think campaigns like “Jago Grahak Jago” are inserted in the newspaper?
2. Name the right of consumer being fulfilled through this initiative of the government
3. State any three responsibilities that Radha must discharge as an aware consumer while buying her sister’s wedding gift.

Answer:

1. The campaigns like “Jago Grahak Jago” are given in the newspaper to make the consumers aware of the various undesirable activities like unscrupulous, unfair trade practices etc which are carried out by the marketers to exploit the buyers.
2. Right to Consumer Education is being fulfilled through this initiative of the government.
3. The three responsibilities that Radha must discharge as an aware consumer while buying her sister’s wedding gift are as follows:
   • Buy only standardised goods and check for standardization mark like Hallmark for gold jewellery .
   • Assert herself to ensure that she gets a fair deal.
   • Ask for a cash memo on purchase of goods or services.

Question 7.
In the year 2015, Under section 12(1D) of the Consumer Protection Act, the Consumer Affairs Ministry had filed a suit in National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC)
against Nestle India, the manufacturer of Maggi noodles, seeking about Rs. 640 crore in damages for alleged unfair trade practices, false labelling and misleading advertisements.
In context of the above case:

1. Name any two other two parties besides government who can file a case under Consumer Protection Act 1986.
2. Why has the government filed a suit in National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) and at no other level of three tier redressal system?

Answer:

1. The two other two parties besides government who can file a case under Consumer Protection Act 1986 are any consumer and any registered consumers’ association.
2. The government filed a suit in National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) and at no other level of the three tier redressal system because a complaint has to be made to the National Commission only when the value of the goods or services in question, along with the compensation claimed, exceeds ? 1 crore.

Question 8.
Good Health Ltd., a pharmaceuticals company, has introduced mosquito repellent bands under the brand name ‘Jaddu’ in the wake of outbreak of Dengue in various parts of the country. The product attracted many people from all age groups, especially kids. However, the company failed to provide adequate guidance for the users on the label of the product in terms of time period of the effectiveness of the repellent band once its seal is opened. Because of this ambiguity, many buyers faced problems.
In context of the above case:

1. Identify and explain the consumer right which has been overlooked by the company.
2. Name and explain any two functions of the important product related aspect ignored by the company.

Answer:
The Right to information is being overlooked by the company in the above mentioned case.

1. According to the Right to information, a consumer has the right to get complete information about the product he/she intends to buy including its contents, date of manufacture, date of expiry, price, quantity, directions for use etc. Also, as per law, it is mandatory for the marketers to provide complete information about the product/ service to the buyers.
2. The important aspect related to the marketing of products which has been ignored by the company is Labelling.
   The two important functions performed by labelling are:
   • Describes the product and specifies its contents: Labelling provides information
     about the core function of the product i.e. how and why the product is likely to be beneficial to the prospective buyers. It educates them about the usage and precautions related to the product. It also gives detailed information about the ingredients of the product.
   • Helps in identification of the product or brand: The label contains the logo, brand name, tagline, name and address of the manufacturer etc. of the product which helps in easy identification of the product.

Question 9.
Radheshyam moved from Muradabad to Mumbai to work as an artist in television serials. On getting his first salary, he opened an account in a nearby commercial bank and also opted for ATM facility under ATM card. After a few months, he lost his ATM Card and lodged a request with the bank for furnishing a duplicate card. Consequently, he was allotted duplicate ATM Card Number but that card was not given to him. After a week, he received a SMS message on his mobile stating that sum of Rs. 10,000/- has been withdrawn from his account. Since the duplicate ATM card was not given to him, he brought the debit entry in the notice of the bank. The bank assured to repay that amount to him within 15 days after investigating the issue. But, more than a month has passed since then and despite his persistent efforts the bank has not taken any action so far. So, he files a case against the bank in the district forum. The consumer court can issue a notice to the bank after being satisfied with the genuineness of the complaint and directs the bank to repay Rs. 10,000 to Radheshyam along with a compensation of Rs. 50,000.
Name the rights exercised by Radheshyam in the context of the above case.
Answer:
The two rights exercised by Radheshyam in the context of the above case are Right to be heard and Right to seek redressal.

Question 10.
Bharti Airtel Limited is an Indian global telecommunications services company headquartered in New Delhi, India. It operates in 20 countries across South Asia, Africa, and the Channel Islands. It provides GSM, 3G and 4G LTE mobile services, fixed line broadband and voice services depending upon the country of operation. It is the largest mobile network operator in India and the third largest in the world with 325 million subscribers. Its portal displays the following information
“Airtel Mobile Customer Care – Call 121, 24-hr Airtel customer service number from your Airtel phone. In case you don’t get satisfactory resolution of your query/complaint at the Airtel customer service centre, you can get in touch with Airtel Nodal officers with your complaint reference number and details of grievance.”
In context of the above case:

1. Identify and explain the right of the consumer being fulfilled by the company in the above mentioned case.
2. Name the function of marketing being performed by the company.
3. State any two values that the company wants to communicate to the society.

Answer:

1. The right of the consumer being fulfilled by the company in the above mentioned case is right to be heard.
2. The function of marketing being performed by the company is customer support services.
3. The two values that the company wants to communicate to the society are:
   • Concern for consumers
   • Respect for law.

Question 11.
Suryansh booked a flat through a private builder in Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh at the cost of ? 2 crores. As per the terms of the contract, the builder promised to provide him with all the basic and modern amenities such as continuous electric supply, CCTV Camera, Club facility, good quality of water, good security etc. Although he was given the possession of the flat in time, the builder did not provide all the basic and common facilities which also included 3 tier security having CCTV camera coverage for each floor. Suryansh kept complaining to the builder after possession of the flat for non-installation of CCTV camera and other common and basic amenities as promised at the time of agreement, but the builder kept assuring him that he will do the needful and he need not worry. After a month, Suryansh had to travel abroad, so he left his home with his flat duly locked. But on his return, he found that his flat has been robbed and theft of ? 10,000 and Jewellery worth ? 10 Lac had taken place. He complained to the builder that had CCTV cameras been installed, it would have been a deterrent and the theft would not have been taken place. Also, CCTV would have ensured that no unwanted person would have entered the building. When Suryansh discussed this incident with his friend Sooraj , who runs a consumer association, he advised him to file a case against the builder.
In context of the above case:

1. Name the right of consumer that Sooraj has advised Suryansh to exercise.
2. State any three functions highlighting the role of a consumer association.

Answer:

1. Sooraj has advised Suryansh to exercise Right to be heard.
2. The three functions highlighting the role of a consumer association are listed below:
   • Educating the general public about consumer rights.
   • Conducting comparative testing of consumer products available in the market.
   • Filing complaints in appropriate consumer courts on behalf of the consumers.

Question 12.
Gaurav purchased a pack of sweets for his son from a shop in the nearby market. After consuming those sweets, the condition of his son deteriorated and he had to be hospitalized. Later on through a laboratory test, it was certified that the sweets were adulterated.

1. State any one precaution that he should have taken while purchasing packed sweets.
2. Name the appropriate redressal agency that he can approach in case he decides to file a case against the shopkeeper.
3. State any two values which are lacking in the shopkeeper.

Answer:

1. Gaurav should have checked for the quality assurance mark like FPO /FSSAI on its label while purchasing the food product.
2. District Forum
3. The two values which are lacking in the shopkeeper are:
   • Honesty
   • Concern for others.

Question 13.
Aryan went to purchase a pack of chocolate for his son from a shop in the nearby market. Despite his preference to buy a pack of a particular brand the shopkeeper forced him to buy the pack of chocolate of another brand, by giving some odd justifications. After coming back home, Gaurav was feeling very dissatisfied.

1. Identify and explain the right of the consumer being violated in the above mentioned case.
2. Briefly explain any two points highlighting the importance of consumer protection from the consumer’s point of view.

Answer:

1. The Right to choose has been violated in the given case as Aryan was forced by the shopkeeper to buy a particular brand of chocolate.
   According to the Right to Choose, the consumer has a right to choose from a variety of products at competitive prices. Also, the marketers should offer a wide variety of products to buyers.
2. The importance of consumer protection from consumer’s point of view is outlined below:
   • Consumer Ignorance: In order to remove their ignorance, it is essential that the consumers are made aware of their rights and responsibilities.
   • Widespread Exploitation of Consumers: In pursuit of higher profits the businessmen are likely to resort to unfair trade practices like charging higher price, selling adulterated products, deficiency in services etc. Thus, there is a need to curb this kind of widespread exploitation of consumers.

Question 14.
Geeta goes to a doctor to get herself treated for an injury in her hand. The doctor being her distant relative charged her nothing for the treatment. However, after a few days she develops an infection on the wound because the doctor didn’t use sterilised instruments. Later on, she is advised by the surgeon to get the infected finger removed. Therefore, she is very angry with the doctor.
In context of the above case:
Can Geeta file a case against the doctor if she decides to take a legal action? Why or why not? Give a reason in support of your answer.
Answer:
No, Geeta cannot file a case against the doctor because she is not a consumer because she didn’t pay for the services.

Question 15.
Abhishek bought a bottle of disinfectant spray from the nearby market. It had a knob which was to be opened in a particular way. However, there was no instruction on its package in this regard. Therefore, when he tried to open the knob in a casual way, some of the spray flew in his eyes. This affected his vision.
In context of the above case:

1. Name the rights of consumer being violated by the company.
2. State any two directions which the consumer court can issue to the company after being satisfied with the genuineness of the complaint.

Answer:

1. The two rights of consumer being violated in the above case are Right to information and Right to safety.
2. The two directions which the consumer court can issue to the company after being satisfied with the genuineness of the complaint are as follows:
   • Not to offer hazardous goods for sale.
   • To pay a reasonable amount of compensation for any loss or injury suffered by the consumer due to the negligence of the marketer.

Question 16.
Ved purchased some medicines worth Rs. 1000 for his wife from a chemist in the nearby market. But, he didn’t take the cash memo for it from the chemist. After taking those medicines the condition of his wife deteriorated and she had to be hospitalized. Later on through a laboratory test it was certified that the medicines were spurious.

1. Can he file a case against the chemist? Justify your answer with the help of a suitable reason.
2. State any two values which are lacking in the chemist.

Answer:

1. No, he cannot a case against the chemist as he didn’t take the cash memo for it from the chemist. A cash memo is the conclusive proof of the purchase of goods.
2. The two values which are lacking in the chemist are:
   • Humanity
   • Trustworthiness.

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