Category: CBSE

Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers Important Questions CBSE Class 12 English

Extract Based Questions (4 Marks)

Question.1. Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow.
When Aunt is dead, her terrified hands will lie
Still ringed with ordeals she was mastered by
The tigers in the panel that she made
Will go on prancing, proud and unafraid
(a) Who is the aunt mentioned here?
(b) Why is she “ringed with ordeals”?
(c) What is the difference between her and the tigers?
(d) Why has Aunt Jennifer created the tigers so different from her own character?
or
(a) Why are Aunt Jennifer’s hands terrified?
(b) Why did she make the tigers?
(c) What will happen to her tigers after her death? (Delhi 2012; Modified)
(d) How are Aunt Jennifer’s tigers different from her?
Answer.(a) The aunt mentioned here is Aunt Jennifer, the protagonist of Adrienne Rich’s poem ‘Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers’; she is a woman going through unpleasant experiences in her married , life.
(b) The ‘ring’ here refers to her wedding band or ring, which has brought with it a host of family responsibilities. She feels so surrounded (i.e. ringed) by her marital constraints that it seems like an ordeal to her.
(c) Aunt Jennifer is quite weak and submissive, whereas the tigers are strong, bold and powerful. She is bound by the constraints of her married fife, while the tigers are free to move about in the green woods.
(d) The tigers created by Aunt Jennifer are an expression of her desire to free herself from the constraints of her married life. She wants to be bold and fearless like her tigers.
or
(a) Her hands are ‘terrified’ (actually she is terrified) as she is passing through the very hard and bitter experience of married life. Here the poet has used her hands to represent her.
(b) She made the tigers because they are beasts of prey. They are chivalric and confident and do not fear men, which is totally contrasting with her own nature.
(c) The tigers will still keep prancing over the panel even when Aunt is dead. They will
outlive her.
(d) Aunt Jennifer’s tigers provide a striking contrast to her. The old lady is weak and- scared of men, whereas the tigers symbolise strength, power and fearlessness.

Question.2. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
Aunt Jennifer’s tigers prance across a screen,
Bright topaz denizens of a world of green
They do not fear the men beneath the tree,
They pace in sleek chivalric certainty
(a) How are Aunt Jennifer’s tigers described?
(b) Why are they described as denizens of a world of green?
(c) Why are they not afraid of the men? (Delhi 2010; Modified)
(d) What are her tigers symbolic of?
Answer. (a) Aunt Jennifer’s tigers have been described as golden yellow in colour. The prance fearlessly across a screen in sleek chivalric certainty.
(b) They have been called as denizens of a world of green because they are the natives of dense green forests.
(c) They are not afraid of men because they are brave, strong, fearless and full of confidence.
(d) Her tigers are symbolic of Aunt Jennifer’s desire for freedom. They are also symbols of strength and self-confidence.

Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks, 30-40 words)

Question.1. What are the difficulties that Aunt Jennifer faced in her life? (Delhi 2014)
or
What are the ordeals that Aunt Jennifer faced in her life? (Foreign 2009)
Answer. Aunt Jennifer was probjbly a victim of oppression at the hands of the patriarchal society. She was subjugated by her husband and the weight of the wedding band i.e. her wedding ring, felt heavy on her hand. She was so terrified that her hands fluttered even when she carried something so light as wool.

Question.2. How are Aunt Jennifer’s tigers different from her? (All India 2014)
or
How are the tigers different from her? (Foreign 2009)
Answer. Aunt Jennifer’s tigers are created by her on the tapestry. However, they present a sharp contrast to their creator. While the Aunt is weak, meek and submissive and is scared of expressing her feelings openly, the tigers are strong, fearless and confident. They are bold creatures and are scared of no one. The aunt is in bonded in matrimony and faces several restrictions. Qn the other hand, the tigers move about freely.

Question.3. How does Aunt Jennifer express her bitterness and anger against male dominance?
(Compartment 2014)
Answer. Aunt Jennifer is too terrified to openly resist the oppression that she is victim of. She expresses her bitterness and anger against male dominance silently through her art. She creates tigers on her tapestry; animals that are symbolic of bravery, fearlessness and strength. Besides, she portrays these tigers as creatures unafraid of the men around them. The tigers she creates are wild and free from any kind of bondage.

Question.4.What will happen to Aunt Jennifer’s tigers when she is dead? (Delhi 2013)
Answer. The tigers created by Aunt Jennifer are eternal. They will keep on prancing even after her death. She probably wants to convey that the tigers which represent the Aunt’s inner sense of freedom will stay forever.

Question.5.What lies heavily on Aunt Jennifer’s hand? How is it associated with her husband?
(All India 2013)
or
What is the weight that lies heavy on Aunt Jennifer’s hand? How is it associated with her husband? (Foreign 2010)
Answer. The weight that lies heavy on Aunt Jennifer’s hand is the wedding band, which symbolises the weight of her married life. Probably, the weight has burdened her so much that she feels subjugated. Aunt Jennifer had a troubled married life with a dominating and oppressive husband.

Question.6. Why did Aunt Jennifer choose to embroider tigers on the panel? (Delhi 2012, All India 2009)
Answer. Aunt Jennifer chose to embroider tigers on the panel because for her, the tigers were the symbols of bravery, fearlessness and strength. These creatures are not afraid of the men around them. Her embroidering the tigers is perhaps an expression of her own bitterness and anger against male dominance.

Question.7. How do the words, ‘denizens’ and ‘chivalric’ add to our understanding of Aunt
Jennifer’s tigers? (All India 2012)
or
How do ‘denizens’ and ‘chivalric’ add to our understanding of the tiger’s attitudes?
(Delhi 2011)
Answer. ‘Denizens’ denotes occupants or citizens and ‘chivalric’ points to fearlessness, honour, bravery and majesty. Tigers are very possessive about their territory. They live on their own terms and fear none, as they regard themselves superior in their own domain, The poet finds similarities between the propensity-of tigers and men.

Question.8.Why do you think Aunt Jennifer created animals that Die so different from her own
character? What might the poet be suggesting through this difference? (All India 2011)
Answer. Aunt Jennifer is a weak and terrified person who, all through her life, was suppressed by the constraints of marriage. The animals that she is creating in her panel are very different, as they are chivalric and do not fear men. They are a symbol of strength, fierceness and beauty. They represent Aunt Jennifer’s suppressed desire to become bold and fearless, and free from oppression. The poet wants to emphasise the spirit and desire for freedom which is innate in all human beings.

Question.9. How does the poet describe Aunt Jennifer’s tigers?(Delhi 2008)
or
Describe the tigers created by Aunt Jennifer. (All India 2008, Delhi 2009)
Answer. According to the poet, Aunt Jennifer’s tigers are golden-yellow in colour. He describes them as prancing across the screen. They are denizens of a world of green. The tigers are sleek, chivalric, majestic and elegant. Also, they are brave and fearless.

Important Questions for Class 12 English

Looking for an easy way to Learning of new elementary English grammar and composition for class 6 answers, Solutions. You have to learn basic English Grammar topics like Tenses Verbs, Nouns, etc… In this article, we will review the best English Grammer Topics and compare them against each other

Direct And Indirect Speech Exercises for Class 6 With Answers CBSE Pdf

Rules For Changing Direct Speech To Reported Speech

1. Changes in reporting verb

• Affirmative sentences: said, told (object), asserted, replied, assured, informed, responded, whispered, alleged, believed, assumed, thought
• Interrogative sentences: asked, inquired, wanted to know, enquired
• Imperative sentences: ordered, begged, pleaded, implored, advised, demanded

2. Change of pronouns

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Meeta said, ‘I live in Himachal’.’	Meeta said that he lived in Himachal.

• The conjunction that is used to connect the reporting verb with what is said.
• A first-person and second-person generally change to third person (depending upon object to reporting verb)
• In case the reporting verb is in present, the tense of verb in reported speech continues to remain in the present tense.

3. Change of tenses
When we report something after a certain period of time, and what we are talking about has already happened, we change the tense of the sentence being reported into a corresponding past tense. Read the following table carefully.

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Kalpana said, ‘I teach in a school.’	Kalpana said that she taught in a school.
Kalpana said, ‘I am teaching in a school.’	Kalpana said that she was teaching in a school.
Kalpana said, ‘I have taught in a school.’	Kalpana said that she had taught in a school.
Kalpana said, ‘I have been teaching in a school for the past one year. ’	Kalpana said that she had been teaching in a school for the past one year.
Kalpana said, ‘I taught in a school for two years.’	Kalpana said that she had taught in a school for two years.
Kalpana said, ‘I was working at a call centre before I started teaching.’	Kalpana said that she had been working at a call centre before she started teaching.

In general, present tense becomes past tense:

• Past tense becomes past perfect tense.
• Past continuous becomes past perfect continuous tense.
• Past perfect and past perfect continuous remain unchanged.

4. Change of situations
When we report sentences in indirect speech, the words denoting places or time are changed.

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Puja said, ‘I went to Rohtak last week.’	Puja said that she had gone to Rohtak the previous week.
this	that
last week	the previous week
here	there
now	then
today	that day
yesterday	the day before/the previous day
tomorrow	the next/coming day
last week	the week before/the previous week
next month	the next month/the coming month

5. Universal truths
When universal truths are being reported we may choose either to retain the original tense of the sentence or to change it.

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
The teacher said, ‘The earth is round.’	The teacher said that the earth is round.

6. Questions and answers

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Rahul asked his sister, ‘Have you taken your purse?’ (Yes/No question)	Rahul asked his sister if/whether she had taken her purse.
Rahul asked his sister, “Where are the keys?’ (Wh- question)	Rahul asked his sister where the keys were.

7. Commands, orders and requests

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
The teacher said, “You must be honest.”	The teacher advised the students to be honest.
The policeman said to the driver, “Drive cautiously.”	The policeman ordered the driver to drive cautiously.
The Inspector said to the crowd, “Tell me the details.”	The Inspector asked the crowd to tell him the details.
“Why don’t you take up acting?” I suggested to my sister.	I suggested to my sister to take up acting.

8. Modals verbs

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Kunal said, ‘I can drive.’	Kunal said that he could drive.

Changes in modals

• can – could
• will – would
• shall – should
• may – might

Would, should, could, might, ought to and must are unchanged.

Presentation:
Read the picture story.
A. Answer the following questions as per the story.

1. What does Ditya want to buy and why?
2. Why Ditya’s clothes are not suitable for the occasion?
3. What does father reply in the end of the story above?

B. Change the following sentences into indirect speech from the story above.

1. Ditya says to her father, “I want to buy new clothes for my graduation ceremony.”
___________________________________________________
2. “These dresses are not suitable for the occasion,” says Ditya.
___________________________________________________
3. “You have just borrowed three dresses a few days ago,” replies father.
___________________________________________________

Direct And Indirect Speech Practice Exercises for Class 6 CBSE

A. Complete the sentences into indirect speech.

1. Mohan (to Seema): I like your hairstyle.
Mohan tells Seema : ____________

2. Parrot: I can speak English.
The parrot says ____________

3. The fairy (to boy): I will grant you a wish if you won’t tell a lie.
The fairy tells the boy ____________

4. The doctor (to a patient): I prescribed you a medicine but I did not charge you for it.
The doctor tells ____________

5. The guide (to tourists): We are going to visit the Mahendra caves and there we will get to see bats.
The guide says ____________

B. Change the following Direct speech into Indirect.

1. She says, “I will do this work.”
___________________________________

2. Sunita says, “He can come and stay in my flat.”
___________________________________

3. Amrita says to Hari, “I am taking my lunch now.”
___________________________________

4. Nancy says, “I am going to Paris next month.”
___________________________________

5. Vikas says, “I work hard on this project.”
___________________________________

6. She says, “This book is mine.”
___________________________________

7. Aunt Kajol says to me, “You will send these books to my place the day after tomorrow.”
___________________________________

8. Chetan says to mother, “I will tell you the truth.”
___________________________________

9. I have told him, “My father is a doctor.”
___________________________________

10. Meeta says, “I am sure everything will be alright after the operation.”
___________________________________

C. Write the correct pronouns in the following sentences in Reported speech.

1. Ankit: “I work in an office.”
Ankit told me (that) ____________ worked in an office.

2. La lit and Puneet: “We play football.”
Lalit and Puneet told me (that) ____________ played football.

3. Anjali: “I like my cat.”
Anjali told me (that) ____________ liked ____________ cat.

4. Sanju: “Can you see me?”
Sanju asked me ¡f ____________ could see ____________.

5. Kanika : “I will have to borrow your pencil.”
Kanika told me (that) ____________ would have to borrow ____________ pencil.

6. Meera: “My father is American.”
Meera told me (that) ____________ father is American.

7. Pooja and Rajni: “Can we use your camera?”
Pooja and Rajni asked me if could use ____________ camera.

8. Raja: “How is your journey?”
Raja asked me how ____________ journey was.

9. Priya and Ritu: “We love our pets.”
Priya and Ritu told me (that) ____________ loved ____________ Pets.

10. Grandmother: “Piease bring me a cup of my tea.”
Grandmother told me to bring ____________ a cup of tea.

Direct And Indirect Speech Exercises for Class 6 – Part II

Fundamentals:
If the Reported Verb is in Past tense (Said, told instead of say, tell) then the tense in the reporting speech changes accordingly.

Examples of the main changes in tense:

Presentation:
Read the picture story.
A. Answer the following questions as per the story.

1. Why does Rita argue with her mother?
2. Why does Rita’s mother never give her a pizza or a burger to eat? Give two reasons.
3. What does Rita’s mother advice her in the end of the story?

B. Read the conversation between mother and daughter in the story above and complete the paragraph that follows.

Mother told Rita 1. ____________. Rita replied that 2. ____________ and told her mother that she never gave her a pizza or burger. Mother said that they are not good for her health and reminded her 3. ____________. Rita then asked her mother to give her french fries and a shake. Mother warned her that if she lived on junk food, she would spoil her health.

Direct And Indirect Speech Worksheets With Answers Pdf

A. Change the following into reported speech.

1. Nikhil said, “I will come tomorrow.”
____________________________________

2. Paras said, “I have passed the examination.”
____________________________________

3. He said, “We are going for a picnic today.”
____________________________________

4. She said, “Aayush is working hard.”
____________________________________

5. She said, “I have been writing for an hour.”
____________________________________

6. Rita said, “The girls were singing in the music period.”
____________________________________

7. The teacher says, “Sehaj does not work hard.”
____________________________________

8. I said to her, “I can solve the sum.”
____________________________________

9. Aman said, “Vinay may not come to school today.”
____________________________________

10. The teacher said, “The earth is round.”
____________________________________

11. He said to his friend, “My sister has written a letter.”
____________________________________

12. The priest said, “God is great.”
____________________________________

13. Arjun said, “I can play sitar.”
____________________________________

14. Mohan said, “My sister has been studying since morning.”
____________________________________

16. They said to me, “We cannot help you now.”
____________________________________

17. Sambhav said, “My father is writing a letter.”
____________________________________

18. She said to me, “I will go to the library tomorrow.”
____________________________________

B. Finish the sentences using Reported speech.

Question 1.
Niru: Will you please give me your notebook?
Indu: Yes. Which one do you need?
Niru asked Indu if ……………………………….. Indu said, ……………………………….. She asked ………………………………..
Answer:
Niru asked Indu if she would give Niru her notebook. Indu said yes. She asked Niru which one she needed.

Question 2.
Mohini said, “Where can I find the post office?”
The policeman said, “It is on the road behind the clock tower.”
Mohini said, “Thank you. I have been looking for it for a while.”
Mohini asked the policeman ………………………………. . The policeman said ………………………………. . Mohini ……………………………….. him and added that she had ………………………………..
Answer:
Mohini asked the policeman where he could find the post office. The policeman said that it was on the road behind the clock tower. Mohini thanked him and added that she had been looking for it for w while.

Question 3.
Teacher: Rohan, what are you thinking? Hurry up and finish your work.
Rohan: Ma’am, I have almost finished. I was trying to recall my last week’s lessons.

The teacher ……………………………….. Rohan ……………………………….. She told him to ……………………………….. Rohan replied ……………………………….. He said that he ………………………………..
Answer:
The teacher asked Rohan what he was thinking. She told him to hurry up and finish his work. Rohan replied that he had almost finished. He said that he was trying to recall his previous week lessons.

Question 4.
Father: You look worried. What’s the matter? Son: It’s about my admission to an engineering college.
Father: When are your results expected?
Son: Within a week, Father.

The father noticed that his son ……………………………….. He asked him ………………………………. . The son replied ………………………………. . The father asked ………………………………. . The son replied ………………………………..
Answer:
The father noticed that his son looked worried. He asked him what the matter was. The son replied that it was about his admission to an engineering college. The father asked his son when were his reults expected. The son replied that they were expected within a week.

Question 5.
Jenny: Let’s go for a walk.
Susan: Yes. Give me ten minutes.
Jenny: Let’s go now.
Susan: I will just take a few more minutes.
Jenny: Why must you delay?
Susan: What makes you so impatient?

Jenny asked Susan ……………………………….. Susan replied politely ……………………………….. Jenny was, however, impatient and said ……………………………….. Susan ………………………………..
Answer:
Jenny asked Susan to go for a walk. Susan replied politely in the affirmative and asked to be given ten minutes. Jenny was, however, impatient and said that she wanted to go then. Susan said that she would take a few more minutes. Jenny asked her why she must delay. To this, Susan asked Jenny what made her so impatient.

In this article, we are providing Madam Rides the Bus Extra Questions and Answers PDF Class 10 English First Flight CBSE, Extra Questions for Class 10 English was designed by subject expert teachers.

Madam Rides the Bus Extra Questions and Answers Class 10 English First Flight

Extract Based Questions [3 Marks each]

Read the following extracts carefully and answer the questions that follow
Question 1.
But for Valli, standing at the front door was every bit as enjoyable as any of the elaborate games other children played. Watching the street gave her many new unusual experiences.
(a) Why did Valli kept on standing at the doorway?
(b) How did Valli feel while standing at the doorway?
(c) Find a word from the extract which means ‘not very common’.
(d) How was valli different from children of her age?
Answer:
(a) Valli kept on standing at the doorway to watch the happenings on the street outside.
(b) Watching the street gave Valli many new experiences. She felt joyous standing at the doorway.
(c) ‘Unusual’ from the extract means ‘not very common’.
(d) Valli was different from children of her age as she was not interested in playing any elaborate games.

Question 2.
The most fascinating thing of all was the bus that travelled between her village and the nearest town. It passed through her street each hour, once going to the town and once coming back. The sight of the bus, filled each time with a new set of passengers, was a source of unending joy for Valli.
(a) How many times did the bus pass?
(b) What was the source of unending joy for Valli?
(c) Find a word from the extract which means ‘never ending’.
(d) What was the most fascinating thing for Valli?
Answer:
(a) The bus passed through Valli’s street once in an hour.
(b) The sight of the bus, filled each time with a new set of passengers, was a source of unending joy for Valli.
(c) ‘Unending’ from the extract means ‘never ending’.
(d) The most fascinating thing for Valli was watching the bus that travelled between her village and the nearest town.

Question 3.
The town was six miles from her village. The fare was thirty paise one way “which is almost nothing at all,” she heard one well-dressed man say, but to Valli, who scarcely saw that much money from one month to the next, it seemed a fortune. The trip to the town took forty-five minutes.
(a) How much was the fare of the bus?
(b) How long would it take to complete her journey to reach back home?
(c) Find a word from the extract which means ‘luck’.
(d) What has been called ‘fortune’ for Valli?
Answer:
(a) The fare of the bus was thirty paise for one side.
(b) It would take one hour thirty minutes for Valli to complete her journey.
(c) ‘Fortune’ from the extract means ‘luck’.
(d) The bus fare which was thirty paise only a sum considered so small, has been called ‘fortune’ for Valli.

Question 4.
“Okay, okay, but first you must get on the bus,” said the conductor, and he stretched out a hand to help her up. “Never mind,” she said, “I can get on by myself. You don’t have to help me.”    [CBSE2014]
(a) Why did the conductor gave Valli a hand of help?
(b) How did Valli reacted to the conductor?
(c) Find a word from the extract which means ‘extended’.
(d) What trait of Valli’s character has been shown in the extract?
Answer:
(a) The conductor gave a helping hand to Valli so that she can climb the bus.
(b) Valli refused taking help from the conductor and said that she would get on the bus by herself.
(c) ‘Stretched’ from the extract means ‘extended’.
(d) The extract shows Valli as a self-dependent girl who didn’t seek anybody’s help.

Short Answer Type Questions [2 Marks each]

Question 1.
Who was Valli?
Answer:
Valli was the short name of Valliamai. She was an eight year old girl who was very curious.

Question 2.
Why did Valli kept standing infront of the door?
Answer:
Valli kept standing infront of the door as there were no playmates of her age on her street. So, she used to keep on watching the street outside her house.

Question 3.
What was the most fascinating thing that Valli saw on the street?
Answer:
The most fascinating thing that Valli saw on the street was the bus that travelled between her village and the nearest town. It passed through her street each hour, once going to the town and once coming back.

Question 4.
How did Valli gathered all the information about the bus?
Answer:
Over many days and months Valli listened carefully to conversations between her neighbours and people who regularly used the bus. She also asked a few discreet questions here and there. This way she gathered all the information about the bus.

Question 5.
Where was the town located? What was the fare to travel there by bus?
Answer:
The town was located six miles from Valli’s village. The fare to travel to town by bus was thirty paise for one way.

Question 6.
What did Valli kept on planning and calculating continuously?
Answer:
Vails kept on planning and calculating which bus to take, how much time it will take to reach the town and the fare that would be required in completing her journey.

Question 7.
How was the interior and exterior of the bus?
Answer:
It was a new bus. Its outside was painted a gleaming white with some green stripes along the sides. Inside, the overhead bars shone like silver. There was a beautiful clock above the windshield and its seats were soft and luxurious.

Question 8.
How was the view outside the bus when it went through the canal?       [CBSE 2015]
Answer:
On one side there was the canal and, beyond it, palm trees, grassland, distant mountains, and the sky. On the other side was a deep ditch and then acres and acres of green fields.

Question 9.
Why did the conductor wanted Valli to sit?
Answer:
The conductor initially told Valli that as she has paid for the ticket, she should sit. When she refused he told her that she may fall and hurt herself when the bus takes a sharp turn.

Question 10.
Why didn’t Valli want to talk to the elderly woman?
Answer:
The elderly woman was wearing ugly earrings and was chewing betel nut. The betel juice was about to seep out of her mouth. Valli found all this repulsive and hence did not wanted to talk to her

Question 11.
What questions did the old woman ask Valli?
Answer:
The old woman asked Valli if she was travelling alone. She also asked her whether she knew where exactly she had to go in the town.

Question 12.
How did Valli save money to travel by bus?     [CBSE2013]
Answer:
Valli had thriftily saved whatever stray coins came her way. She resisted every temptation to buy peppermints, toys, balloons and ride on the merry-go-round at the village fair to save money for her bus journey.

Question 13.
How did Valli manage to travel by bus without the knowledge of her mother?
Answer:
Valli managed to travel by bus without the knowledge of her mother as she was asleep when Valli went out.

Question 14.
How did Valli feel on seeing the dead cow on the road?     [CBSE 2014]
Answer:
Valli was filled with sadness. She thought what had been a lovable, beautiful creature just a little while ago had now suddenly lost its charm and its life and looked so horrible and frightening.

Question 15.
What did Valli see when she reached home?
Answer:
On reaching back home Valli saw that her mother was awake and talking to one of her aunts.

Long Answer (Value Based) Type Questions [8 Marks each]

Question 1.
In such a fast moving world when we hear so many incidents happening with people, do you think Valli did right by not telling her mother about the bus journey?      [CBSE 2015]
Answer:
No, I don’t think that Valli did the right thing in travelling alone to the town without informing her mother. By doing this, she put herself in a vulnerable position as she could have easily been a victim of child abuse had she come in contact with wrong people. In fact, she was lucky to return home safelty.
Children should always travel along with their parents or elders as they are easy targets for criminals. We hear a lot of instances of crime committed against children these days like kidnapping, child abuse, molestation, rape etc. Valli could have expressed her desire of travelling in the bus to her mother. I am sure that her mother would have fulfilled her wish by talking her on a bus ride.

Question 2.
The people and surroundings are a great book to learn. Valli in the lesson ‘Madam Rides The Bus’ learns a lot from others. Mention the traits of her character which help her to learn from her surroundings.
Answer:
Valli dreamt of riding on the bus. Her eagerness to fulfill her dream fired her curiosity. This curiousness led her to listen to the conversations of people going on the bus ride and asking discreet questions so that she could gather as much information as she can regarding the bus journey.
On the bus journey, Valli acted confidently and behaved maturedly. She did not consider herself to be any less than an adult. She was focused on fulfilling her dream and did not get tempted to go outside the bus and explore the town when the bus reached the town.
On the return journey, she learnt about death when she came to terms with the dead cow. This made her aware of the fact that death is a part of life and should be accepted as it is a natural phenomenon. Thus, the bus journey made her learn a lot of things.

Question 3.
Age is not a barrier when it comes to doing something different and great. Which characteristics of Valli help her achieve the wonder of visiting the town at such a tender age?    [CBSE 2014]
Answer:
In today’s era, age is no more a barrier. Children are doing wonders at a very young age. Same goes with Valli. At an age of 8 years, Valli was able to pursue her dream all alone by travelling in the bus to town. She was no different from others, except that she had certain characteristics that made her fulfil her dreams. Valli was a very confident and a bold girl. She had a knowledge of proper planning and execution. She controlled her wishes to save money for the bus ride. Also, she was a very good observer and learner. All these qualities made her realise the dream of visiting the town. Hence, one should always remember that there is no age to learn and experience new things.

Question 4.
What kind of person is Valli? Illustrate your answer from the text that you have read.     [CBSE 2012]
Answer:
Valli was a detetmined, confident and brave girl. She was also a good planner and executioner. She sacrificed a lot of things to achieve her dream. For example, she curbed the temptation to buy sweets and riding on the merry-go-round in the fair so that she could save money for the bus ride. Sacrificing all these things at such a tender age is very difficult for a child. She also behaved confidently in the bus and did not get bobbed down in the presence of elders.
When the bus reached the town, Valli did not succumb to the temptation of going out to explore the town or having a drink. She did this as she had a limited amount of money which she wanted to ‘ save for her return journey. So, Valli used her money wisely. When the conductor offered her a drink, she showed good manners in refusing to have it.

For More Resources

• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English
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Note-making is an advanced writing skill which is gaining importance due to knowledge explosion. There is a need to remember at least the main points of any given subject. Making notes is a complex activity which combines several skills.

Looking for an easy way to learn English Grammar? then you are in right place. Here we providing basic English Grammar topics like Tenses Verbs, Nouns, etc…

Note Making Class 12 CBSE Format, Examples

Note-making is a skill that helps you organize, categorise and recall information in a concise and tabulated form. It helps you in your academic life as note-making skills are needed when you go for higher education. Some of the advantages of note-making are as follows.

Advantages of Note Making :

• helps ypu to remember the salient features of a text.
• requires the retrieving of information from a larger and expanded text.
• allows the reader to select what she or he wants to gather from a given text. .
• helps you to summarise a larger text into a precise form for better retention and comprehension.
• can be used for storing a large quantity of reading matter in a compact form.

Note Making Steps

Keep the following steps in mind while making the notes.

• Step 1 : A thorough reading of the given passage is needed to follow what the subject matter of the given passage is.
• Step 2 : Underline key words/phrases that you would like to note or recall from the passage. These should not include explanations or examples, but core ideas and facts.
• Step 3 : Include subpoints to elaborate a main point. These will enlarge the knowledge base without being verbose.
• Step 4 : Follow the format laid down for note-making so that the points remain legible and under¬standable at the end of the exercise.

Format for Note Making CBSE Class 12

While there are different formats used, such as flow charts, pie charts, graphic presentation of data among others, it is best to make use of the format given below:

Numbering and Indenting
Caution: Do not write complete sentences in note-making.
The following rules are followed with regard to abbreviations:
All standard abbreviations should be used (UN, &,…)
Use the first and last letters of words coined for abbreviations (wrtg for writing)

Contractions of words: can’t
Symbols used in mathematics and otherwise (e.g./p.m.)

Note Making Passages for Class 12 CBSE With Answers Pdf

Note Making Passages Pdf 1
Read the passage given below.

Getting enough sleep is as important as taking time out to relax. A good night’s sleep is essential for preserving the health of your brain and gives you the best chance to meet the coming day with a razor sharp mind. An average person needs about six to eight hour sleep a night—although it is also true that you need slightly less than this, as you grow older—another advantage of aging stress and sleep deprivation often feed on each other, since stress tends to make it harder for you to fall asleep at night and sleep deprivation in itself causes stress.

Eventually, too little sleep can dramatically interfere with the performance of your memory— something you obviously want to prevent. If you are not getting enough sleep, try going to bed 30 to 60 minutes earlier than your normal bed time for a few days. Lie down on the bed and try to relax by dissociating yourself from your daily routine work. This is normally enough to catch up on any sleep deprivation.

If, however, you suffer from insomnia you should seek the advice of your doctor. The chances are it is already affecting your ability to remember and recall information—and if you are struggling to improve your memory scores, this could be at the root of your problem. Prolonged periods of insufficient sleep can deplete your immune system, make you more accident prone and even cause depression—this can also reinforce a more negative outlook on life, which can contribute to your stress burden. The good news is that your memory and mood should automatically improve once you improve your sleep patterns.

Tackle your sleep issues and everything else should fall into place. Because stress management is so essential to maximize your brain power, if you are not in the habit of setting aside time to relax, make it a priority to do so. Even a minute or two of deep breathing can start to work wonders. Often the best ideas and memories can come to you when you are in a state of relaxation as it is during these moments that your brain stores, processes and plays with the information it has received.

Meditation has long been part of religious and spiritual life, specially in Asia. Today, more and more people are adopting it in Western countries also, for its value in developing peace of mind and lowering stress. There is some evidence that regular meditation can have real sleep gain and health benefits particularly in terms of protecting your brain against aging.

(a) On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, make notes on it using headings and subheadings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary—minimum four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it.
Answer:
(a) Problems of sleep deprivation
I. Lack of a good night’s sleep
(i) affects our health and mind
(ii) is a problem of aging stress
(iii) causes mental problem
(iv) intrfrs with performance of our memory

II. Good memory and mood
(i) need good sleep
(ii) can improve your immune system
(iii) help to have your +ve outlook on life
(iv) can save you from insomnia

III. Regular meditation
(a) has health benefits
(b) brings about good sleep
(c) helps reducing stress
(d) empowers your religious and sports life

Title: Meditation Cures Stress and Insomnia

(b) Write a summary of the above passage in about 100 words.
Answer:
Summary
Stress and sleep deprivation is a major problem for sound health and sound mind. So, it interferes with the performance of our memory and immune system. It also reinforces our negative outlook and bad mood. So, our best ideas and memories can come to us only if we have good sleep and stress free life. In. fact, stress management can maximize opr brain power. Hence, the hour of need is to practise meditation in order to solve the issue of stress and sleep deprivation. Above all, meditation is a bliss to gain health benefits and religious and spiritual life.

Note Making Passages Pdf 2
Read the passage given below.

James Doohan, Scotty from the original ‘Star Trek’ series, died in 2005. Before his death he left instructions in his will that he wished to be buried in space. It took a long time, but Doohan’s ashes made it to space in 2012.

The first space burial took place 20 years before Doohan’s and it involved the ashes of another person involved in ‘Star Trek’, that of its series creator Gene Roddenberry. Since then, space burials have become big business. And believe it or not, with traditional funeral expenses going through the roof, the costs of space burials have actually become competitive. A company that specialises in space burials, Celestrix, offers a price list to potential customers. The launch of a single gram of a loved one’s ashes into the earth’s orbit starts at around $5,000. A launch of the same amount of ashes into deep space costs $12,500. The third option, of having one’s ashes scattered on the moon can cost $9,950.

The popularity of space burials is now changing funeral habits in the United States. More and more people are choosing cremation instead of burial so that their relatives have the option of sending their ashes into space. Since 1999, according to the Cremation Association, in Canada and the United States, the rate of cremations has almost doubled.

Companies like Celestrix take payment from the departed family, receive the ashes and even provide the container to carry the remains. The container in this case is a special one as it must be secure enough to get past thermal, vibration and vacuum tests, before it can be launched so as not to explode while orbiting in space.

The space urn then is taken to ride out to space. It needs a vessel in which it can escape Earth’s gravity. Thus it has to be launched into space with the help of rockets with satellites, scientific equipment, climate instrumentation and other payloads.

As there are yet no dedicated spacecraft to run exclusive burial services, the remains have to be in waiting till a suitable opportunity can be found in a craft which can find room to accommodate the urn. Some companies have begun to specialise in this operation. Ceveit is one company that offers customers ‘a dignified memorial spaceflight.’ The company takes the ‘remains’ up to join communication satellites, spy satellites and thousands of other satellites that circle the earth.

As a step further, there are companies that are looking at other options. One of them is planning to start a service to send a keepsake, such as a DNA sample, a wedding ring, a photograph, to the moon. Once the keepsake reaches its destination, the client will get a photograph on the social media or any other network of one’s choice, to cherish forever afterwards.

(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it. using headings and subheadings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary — minimum four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it.

Answer:
(a) The Lure of Space Burials
I. James Doohan’s last wish
(i) left as instructions in his will
(ii) wished to be buried in space
(iii) wish fulfilled in 2012, though died in 2005

II. Scenario 20 yrs before and now
(i) Gene Roddenberry’s ashes carried into space 20 yrs earlier
(ii) Rising cremation rate provides space burial options
(iii) space burials now competitive with ritual burials ill.

III. Offers made by Celetrix to customers
(i) price list available
(ii) $5000 for earth orbiting of ashes
(iii) $12,500 for space burial
(iv) ashes scattered on moon for $9950
(v) ashes collection by company .
(vi) provision of thermal, vibration and vacuum sealed container

IV. Process of ashes launch
(i) launched by rockets/satellites
(ii) carrying sc equip, climate instrumentation & other payloads.

V. Drawbacks of the system
(i) dedicated spacecraft for exclusive ash carrying
(ii) long wait for suitable launch
(iii) Ceveit’s services on commn satellites /spy satellites and others

VI. Future steps
(i) carrying keepsakes
A. DNA Sample
B. Wedding ring
C. photographs
D. facilitate posting on social networking sites.

(b) Write a summary of the passage in about 100 words.
Answer:
Summary
Following Gene Roddenberry’s example, James Doohan’s ashes were taken into space. With cremations rising and space burials turning competitive, companies like Celestrix offer services of collecting ash, providing containers and earth orbiting, deep space carrying, or scattering ash on the moon. Despite a long gestation period, as there are no dedicated flights for ashs carriage, companies manage to dispatch their cargo ort satellites. Future plans include carrying keepsakes such as DNA samples, wedding rings and sending photographs for posting on social media networks.

Note Making Passages Pdf 3
Read the passage given below carefully:

How does one go about creating joy on a regular basis?

According to Meadow Linn, one should start small. Happiness can grow and blossom into a beautiful bouquet, but first it needs to start as a tiny seed. Thereafter it must be nurtured every day. One must begin by reveling in seemingly insignificant objects and moments. Perhaps it could be the perfume of a vibrant flower; the way the evening light dances across the sky before sunset. Once one starts seeing the beauty and magic in everyday life, one can begin to experience the same in all areas of one’s life.

Thereafter these ‘eureka’ moments begin to prompt the person into making big and small changes in life and help the person in mending broken relationships, help them find a new hobby and so on. The list is endless.

Sitar player Anoushka Shankar says that she would like to create her moments of happiness by staying connected with her inner core and then projecting her own unique light outwards. Greek mathematician Archimedes, when he uttered the words: ‘I’ve found it’, established the important principle of physics in that moment. Today we don’t need life-changing discoverers. We can find personal inspirations by discovering our own ‘eureka’ moments.

According to Katja Rusanen, a spiritual coach, the two most powerful words that can empower us are: I AM. According to him, whatever we attach to ‘I AM’ is what you will finally become. If you give yourself the power to be negative, negativity will be repeated and if you give the power to be positive, you will create eureka moments every day.

According to fashion designer Kir an Uttam Ghosh one should take time out to repeat one’s happy moments every day. During breaks through the day by doing new things, one indulges in an unknowable essence that exists. Her eureka moment comes when she creates a new outfit or drinks a cup of chai.

Another eureka moment comes in our lives when we suddenly start understanding a complicated problem. According to writers John Kounios and Mark Beeman, it is the moment when the fog clears and you have a rare insight into a problem which you didn’t have before.

Yoga coach Mini Thapar says that for her there need not be something extraordinary to find her eureka moment. One can get one’s eureka moment from the complacency that sets in while living an everyday routine. The ecstatic moment comes when one least expects it. Researchers have seen that much of what is seen as creativity folklore actually has foundations in rock-hard fact. There are firm reasons why we get our best ideas at times when we are simply gazing at the ceiling.

(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, using headings and subheadings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary — minimum four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it.

Answer:
(a) The Search for Happiness

I. Meadow Linn’s idea
(i) start small
(ii) happiness will blossom into bouquet
(iii) happiness lies in seemingly small objects
(iv) find happiness in everyday life

II. Eureka moments begin to change life
(i) help mend broken re’la’ips
(ii) find new hobby, etc.

III. When they found their eureka moment.
(i) Anoushka Shankar
(ii) Staying connected with her inner core and proj’g own light
(iii) Greek mathematician Archimedes:
(iv) A.his defining moment in physics
(v) Kiran Uttam Ghosh: fashion designer
(vi) A. taking breaks by doing new things

B. an indulgent cup of chai
C. creating a new outfit
(vii) personal inspiration key to individual eureka moments individual

IV. Views of Rusanen, spiritual coach
(i) take time out to repeat happy moments
(ii) Empower yourself with the words: I AM
(iii) do not indulge in negative thoughts

V. Writers John Kounios and Mark Beeman’s eureka moment
(i) understanding a complicated problem
(ii) getting insight into problems which one didn’t have earlier

VI. Mini Thaar’s emphasis
(i) happiness is in everyday moments
(ii) folkloric creativity rests on rock-hard facts
(iii) firm reasons behind best ideas while gazing at ceiling

(b) Write a summary of the passage in about 100 words.
Answer:
Summary
Meadow Linn advises that to gain happiness, start small, collect a happiness bouquet subsequently. Eureka moments can change life, build broken relationships, start new hobbies.

According to Anoushka Shankar, it comes from inner connectivity. For Archimedes it was his defining moment in physics while Kiran Uttam Ghosh gets her after creating a new outfit and drinking chai. Writers state eureka moments are linked with solving niggling problems but Mini Thapar claims that happiness lies in everyday things as there are solid reasons why some sources yield happiness.

Note Making Passages Pdf 4
Read the passage given below.

As healthcare turns costlier in developed countries, the availability of accredited facilities are drawing hundreds to India. As a result, the Indian medical tourism market is expected to grow from $3 billion at present to around $8 billion by 2020. Witness an annual growth of 30% in medical tourism, India is set to become the number one destination for patients requiring medical attention. Cashing in on this demand, players in this space are making a medical trip for a visitor as convenient as a vacation.

A Pune-based medical company has about 1500 partnerships with hospitals and doctors in India and Turkey. The company has provided services to about 1000 patients. They describe themselves as an online marketplace for medical tourism and not a discovery platform. In this company all details are provided on the website and on payment of a token amount one can immediately buy a package/treatment with a hospital. The company also provides concierge medical services, such as visas, hotel and accommodation and sight-seeing, as value-added services.

Another medical centre which gets about 15 patients a month, provides a list of various treatments, with categories like cancer treatment packages, and cosmetic surgery packages, among others, along with their pricing details. Walking clients through every step, right from when they plan to leave their home country till they are back home after the surgery, the company provides medical opinion and evaluations, suggestions with details of fees and stay, besides post-operative care.

While lower costs have always buoyed India’s position as a favoured medical tourist §pot, cost is not the only reason for drawing people to these facilities. It is also the quality of care and a personalized experience that these places are providing and which counts. The international patient care teams at these places are the key. Realising that India is more individual oriented, unlike the West which is more process-driven, the staff at these places are trained to understand the culture of various countries, starting with the basic etiquette of greeting a person, to their festivals. The idea is to create a personalized interaction with the patient. Thus India has adopted a system that has a more holistic approach.

As the non-metropolitan cities offer a lower rate for the same level of medical quality, substantial growth is foreseen in these places. However, the availability of direct flights has a significant bearing in the choice of locations. But with new opportunities come new challenges. For India, it is staying up on the curve to appease the international audience.

(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, using headings and subheadings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary — minimum four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it.

Answer:
(a) The Rise of Medical Tourism in India
I. The current status of medi tourism in. India
(i) costlier healthcare in the West
(ii) estimated rise from $3 million to $8 million by 2020
(iii) players making medi trips like vacations

II. Profile of Pune-based Co
(i) 1500 partnerships with hospitals and patients from Turkey
(ii) online marketplace for med tourism
(iii) token fee for package treatment info
(iv) provision for concierge services
A. visas
B. hotel and accom’n
A?
C. sight-seeing

III. Other medi centre facilities
(i) separate treatment packages with prices
(ii) controlling door-to-door care
(iii) medi opinion and evaluation
(iv) post-operative care

IV. Reasons for India’s growth
(i) quality care and attention given
(ii) more individual oriented
(iii) staff trained to be culture-sensitive
(iv) overall holistic approach

V. growth in non-metro cities
(i) same level of medí quality
(ii) drawback: connectivity to metro poor
(iii) challenge: to maintain present status

(b) Write a summary of the passage in about 100 words.
Answer:
Summary
Rising costs have driven medical tourism growth in India, from $3 million to an expected $8 million by 2020 as medical trips turn vacation-like. A Pune-based company has a 1500 partnership data with hospitals and Turkish patients. Online information and package treatment information on nominal payment is available. The concierge services include visa facilitation, hotel accommodation and post-operative care. Others offer staff trained to be culture-sensitive. Growth has fanned to non-metro cities because of pricing advantages, but is hampered by poor connectivity and challenges to keep up standards.

Note Making Passages Pdf 5
Read the passage given below.

The presence of a pollutant in air is not necessarily life threatening. It becomes a killer only after its concentration breaches safety limits. As many as 4000 Londoners died of air pollution when the Great Smog hit the UK capital in 1952. This was mainly due to PM 2.5 and S02 levels crossing all limits of safety. What makes matters scarier is a new found pollutant ultra fine particulate matter (PMI). Experts haven’t yet defined a safety limit for this.

Natural air consists of different gases, including PM 2.5 and PMI. The problem arises when the levels of some of the more dangerous gases elements breaches safety levels. Human activity is usually to blame for such a rise, although weather can also play a role.

The more lethal PMI penetrates the lungs and enfers the blood stream. A study on it clarifies that CO, ozone, nitrogen oxide, sulphur dioxide, and volatile compounds are just as life threatening if their concentration jumps alarmingly.

Toxic air pollutants such as dioxins, benzene, arsenic, beryllium, mercury and vinyl chloride are also strongly linked to cancer and birth defects. Air toxins are found in trace amounts and are extremely toxic even in very small quantities. That is why they are measured in nanograms, not micrograms. Thus measures to check air pollution, according to the experts, should be measured based on which pollutants are dominant in an area and how toxic they are.

Historically, it has been found that S02 and C02 levels are not rising as significantgly as PM 2.5 and N02 in the capital which has serious cardiovascular and respiratory impactgs. Similarly, pollutants generated from combustion are more toxic than those from natural sources such as road, or wind blown dust. While ambient air data may be easier to measure but they do not always represent human exposure. Dose, a measure to measure change in the body due to exposure to pollutants, can be an accurate measure of impact, but is not available for many important pollutants. Ambiet monitoring is especially useful for providing a long-term record of the overall level of pollution and how that changes with respect to policies. But people don’t breathe ambient air. They breathe the air wherever they happen to be. Exposure assessment takes the process of measuring air pollution to where people spend most of their time.

Fine particulate components have recently been classified as a cause of lung cancer along with diesel combustion and the burning of coal, the two main causes of household and ambient pollution as – sources of carcinogenic. Around 30% of all lung cancer deaths can be attributed to the combined effects of household and ambient air pollution.

In order to quantify air exposures one can measure air quality in indoor and outdoot environments in which people spend time.
(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, using headings and subheadings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary’ — minimum four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it.

Answer:
(a) Life threatening levels of air pollutants
I. Air pollutants become killers
(i) when concentration breaches safety levels
(ii) At Great Smog (London) death from dangerous levels
(iii) PM level 2.5 and S02 levels beyond safety norms
(iv) newest threat from PMI-extra fine particulate matter
(v) dahger levels of it not calculated

II. Dangers to natural air
(i) comp of natural air, including PM and PMI
(ii) breach in safety7 levels, particularly
(iii) A. CO
B. sulphur dioxide
C. nitrogen oxide
D. volatile compounds
(iv) domestic activity, besides weather

III. Links bet toxic air and diseases
(i) PMI enters lungs and penetrates bid stream
(ii) trace elements for
(iii) dioxins, benzene, arsenic, beryllium, mercury, vinyl chloride cause cancer and birth defects
(iv) pollutant check based on which pollutants are present in an area

IV. Findings about pollutants
(i) PM 2.5 and N02 causing cardiovascular and respiratory complaints in the capital
(ii) combustion more toxic that road dust
(iii) Ambient monitoring for assessing long-term, overall record of pollutants
(iv) measuring air where people abound
(v) coal fire and diesel cause for carcinogens
(vi) 30% of lung cancer from ambient air pollution

V. Ways to quantify air exposure
(i) measuring quality of air both indoors and outdoors
(ii) measuring where people spend time

(b) Write a summary of the passage in about 100 words.
Answer:
Summary
Air pollutants become dangerous when safety levels are breached. The effects of pollutant PMI, is not ascertained. Besides, dangers to natural air arises from breach in natural levels of CO, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide. Findings show that PM 2.5 is causing cardiovascular and respiratory complaints while coal fires and deisel cause carcinogens. Ambient air pollution caused 30% lung cancer cases. Measuring air quality includes checks of both indoor and outdoor places where people spend time.

Note Making Passages Pdf 6
Read the passage given below carefully:

To most of us the most fascinating thing about spiders is the webs they spin. But actually a spider is the most amazing creature in many other respects. First of all, spiders are not insects. They belong to a group known as ‘arachnids’ and differ from insects in that they have eight legs, usually eight eyes, no wings and only two parts to their bodies.

They can live on any type of climate and are found in every part of the world. They can live in the air, on the water, on the ground, depending on their species. They vary in size from 8 centimeters to some that are so small that they are barely visible. Some spiders can go a whole year without water. One type of spider, the large tarantula, eats birds and can live for as long as 15 years. Yet most spiders live for just one year.

The silk in a spider’s web is manufactured in certain abdominal glands. The silk is forced through many tiny holes from the spinning organs at the tip of the abdomen. It comes out as a liquid which becomes solid on contact with the air.

There are many kinds of silk that a spider can spin. The sticky silk which the spider uses in its web to catch its prey is the sticky one. The strong supporting spokes which are non-sticky and the silks in its cocoon in which the eggs are laid are actually soft and fluffy. Other silks that it weaves are hard and even fibrous.

Even the shapes of spiders’ webs differ. Some make webs that are shaped like wheels arid are commonly used for catching its prey. It is made by first forming a rectangle with heavy outer lines which form the foundation lines of the web. The spokes of the wheel are constructed next. Then comes a scaffolding of three to four spiels. The close, sticky silk spiral is built last.

Other webs that a spider spins are ‘sheet webs’. They are flat and are funnel-shaped. Sometimes, they are even dome-shaped masses of silk. The spider uses one side of the web to live in it. ‘Trap’ door spiders make a burrow with a lid at the top. It is disguised by sticks and dirt. A ‘Wolf’ spider builds a tunnel into the ground and lines the area with silk.

The European water spider builds a home in the shape of a bell. This is done entirely under water! The spider then fills it with air brought from the surface in the hairs of its abdomen. Then she lays eggs’and rears the young in this enclosure until they are old enough to build webs for themselves. Yet not all spiders build nests for themselves. Some of them just make a ‘home’ in a leaf, or a slice of tree bark instead.

(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, using headings and subheadings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary — minimum four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it.

Answer:
(a) The Characteristics Of Spiders
I. Amazing facts about spiders
(i) spiders, not insects
(ii) family of arachnids: 8 legs/8 eyes/2 bodies/no wings
(iii) can survive in any climate
(iv) live on air, water, ground as per species
(v) size variations: 8 cm minuscule
(vi) tarantula preys on birds and lives 15 yrs
(vii) can survive without water

II. Silk in a spider’s web
(i) manfd in abdominal glands
(ii) spinning organs at tip of abdominal glands
(iii) emits as liquid and solidifies on contact with air

III. Types of silk made
(i) sticky silk to catch prey
(ii) spp’ting spokes: non sticky
(iii) scaffolding of 3-4 spiels
(iv) sticky silk spiral, built last

IV. Varieties of spider webs
(i) sheet webs
A. flat and funnel-shaped
B. also tunnel-shaped

(ii) trap door
A. burrow shaped
B. having lid on top

(iii) wolf spiders burrow underground
(iv) wheel-shaped for catching prey

V. The European water spider
(i) builds bell-shaped home under water
(ii) fills with air
(iii) brought from surfaced in hairs of abdomen
(iv) rears eggs
(v) nurses them till maturity
(vi) leaves when young can build nests indep

(b) Write a summary of the passage in about 100 words.
Answer:
Summary
Spiders are arachnids, survive in all climates and range from 8cm to minuscule sizes. Tarantulas can eat birds and live 15 years. The silk in a web is manufactured in abdominal glands and emit as liquid before solidifying under air contact. The sticky silk helps in trapping prey. Non-sticky scaffolding and spokes support the web. Varieties of webs include sheet webs, trap door webs wolf spider burrows, and wheel-shaped webs. The European water spider burrows under water, hatches eggs, rears young, nurses till maturity, all under water.

Note Making Passages Pdf 7
Read the passage given below.

Hundreds of thousands of years ago giant mammoths still roamed the earth and the surface of the earth was covered by dense forests. Men took shelter in caves and covered their bodies with animal skins. At that time, dogs became man’s best friend. At first they followed man on his hunting trips and waited to get whatever scraps he could get, from the kill his master made. Then the instinct for companionship made him adopt man as his leader. Soon man began to train dogs to help him during the hunt, to carry his burdens and to give him companionship as he sat by the fireside in the evenings. These changes took place much before recorded history came into practice.

These findings can only be confirmed by the study of the bones of primitive dogs which lay beside the bones of primitive men in caves. As the history of the dog goes back to a time when records were not maintained, it is impossible to be sure of these happenings.

Some scientists believe that dogs are the result of mating between wolves and jackals. Other scientists say that some species of dogs descended from wolves while others descended from jackals. Some even go on to say that dogs descended from coyotes and from foxes. A widely held theory is that our modern dogs that we keep as pets descended from a remote common ancestor.

This last theory substantiates the difference in size and appearance between various breeds of dogs. Other evidence of the wild ancestry of dogs is the built of their bodies, which is very distinctly adopted for speed and strength. Together with their keen sense of small, quick hearing qualities, it becomes obvious thatjhey have wild hunters in their genes.

From the time when recorded history began, there have been references to dogs in them. Here are images of dogs on Egyptian tombs that are 5000 years old. The Egyptians considered their dog as sacred and the whole family would go into mourning if the dog in an Egyptian home died. Today, the dog is an indispensable part of our lives. For hundreds of young, healthy blind people, the dog is their seeing eye.

A seeing-eye dog is usually a German shepherd dog. It takes three months to train a guide dog. First-come the obedience exercises repeated daily as ‘setting up exercises’. Then a U-shaped leather harness is buckled on and the dog learns to walk at the left of the trainer. He is taught to stop and wait at the curb, watch traffic and let cats pass. Before the dog is passed on to a blind master a final check is made. Then the blind master and his dog train together for four weeks before they go home to work smoothly as a team.

(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, using headings and subheadings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary — minimum four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it.

Answer:
(a) The Companionship Of Dog And Man
I. Conditions on earth in prehistoric times
(i) giant mammoths roamed about
(ii) dense forests
(iii) men were cave-dwellers & wore animal skins
(iv) time when dogs became man’s best friend

II. Companionship between man and dog between
(i) instinct for companionship led to friendship
(ii) followed man on hunting trips
(iii) ate scraps from hunts
(iv) man trained dogs & became fireside companion
(v) dog bones recovered around caves

III. Ancestry of dogs
(i) offspring bom of wolves & jackals
(ii) other theory: sep offspring from them
(iii) descended from coyotes and foxes
(iv) mod dogs descended from remote common ancestor
(v) size & agility indicates wild dog genes

IV. Dog references in recorded hist
(i) dog images on Egyptian tombs
(ii) family member in Egyptian households
(iii) seeing eye for blind

V. Character of seeing-eye dog
(i) usually a German shepherd dog
(ii) training methodology
(iii) A. initial ‘setting up ex’

B. fitted with U-shaped harness
C. walks left of man
1. 4-week man-and-dog training
2. back home as a team

(b) Write a summary of the passage in about 100 words.
Answer:
Summary
When mammoth creatures roamed the densely forested earth, dogs became man’s best companion. They sought companionship with man, was fed on scraps after the hunt and trained to hunt on becoming man’s fireside companion. Dogs are believed to be the offspring of jackal and wolf parents or separate offspring from them. Others believe all modern dogs have a common ancestor. Dogs were loved by ancient Egyptians and seeing-eye dogs are German Shepherds trained to work smoothly as a team with his owner.

Note Making Passages Pdf 8
Read the passage given below.

The great Sphinx sits in the desert of Egypt, about eight miles from the capital city of Cairo. It is besides three other pyramids and is said to be guarding the three large pyramids of Giza. It is a monster structure made of rock with the head of a man and the body of a crouching lion with its forepaws extended in front.

While the body is roughly sculptured, the head of the Sphinx is carved with care. The eyes look mysterious and has a look which nobody has been able to explain. It seems to be gazing out into the desert with a look of mystical superiority.

The figure of the Sphinx measures above 18 metres in height and is 57 metres long. It is believed that the Sphinx was made 5000 years ago. Archeologists are also able to tell us why the Sphinx was built. The one piece of evidence that points to its being built is to be found in a little chapel that is found between the paws of the large figure. This chapel has inscriptions put there by two ancient Egyptian kings. According to these writings, the Sphinx represents one of the forms of the Sun god Harmarchis. Thus the purpose of the Sphinx is to keep away all evil from the cemetery around the Pyramids.

Contrary to our belief, there are many sphinxes in Egypt besides the great Sphinx of Giza. They are different from this mammoth structure because their heads represent different kings of Egypt. This explains why these structures are called ‘sphinx’ for the word means lord’ according to the sacred writings of the EgyptiAnswer: In ancient religions the king was believed to have the strength and cunning of various beasts. These kings acquired the strengths of various beasts by putting on the animal’s head or by wearing their skins. So the carvers of Egypt made their kings in shapes that were half-human and half-beast.

The idea of making sphinxes in ancient times was not confined to Egypt alone. They were also built by the kings of Assyria and Greece. In these regions the sphinxes were slightly different from their Egyptian counterparts in that they had wings. In Assyria these figures were usually that of male kings but in Greece they had heads of women. The word ‘sphinx’ comes from a Greek word.

For the Egyptians, the Sphinx held a special place just like the idea we have, of dragons. We think of dragons as huge creatures capable of much destruction but no one really believes that there are real dragons on earth.

(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, using headings and subheadings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary — minimum four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it.

Answer:
(a) The Mystery of the Great Sphinx
I. Location of the Great Sphinx
(i) In the desert of Egypt & 8 miles from Cairo
(ii) alongside three other sphinxes
(iii) guarding the pyramids of Giza
(iv) 18 m high and 57 m long

II. Physical dimensions of the Sphinx
(i) monster structure made of rock
(ii) head of a man (MI) body of a lion
(iv) forepaws extended in front
(v) mysterious look in eyes, gazing into desert

III. Details of its structure
(i) built 5000 years ago
(ii) reason for its building inside its chapel .
(iii) rep one of the forms of the sun god Harmarchis
(iv) keeps off evil from the Pyramids

IV. Differences from other sphinxes
(i) heads rep diff kings of Egypt
(ii) reason behind name
A. sphinx means lord or ruler
B. derived from sacred writings
C. Greek origin of the word ‘sphinx
(iii) reason behind name
A. kings protect their subjects
B. kings acqd strengths by wearing a part animal’s skin & clothes

V. Sphinx making not exclusive to Egypt
(i) built by kings of Assyria and Greece
(ii) These had sphinx
(iii) Assyrian sphinxes with male heads
(iv) Greek sphinxes female heads
(v) Egyptian sphinx half beast and half man

VI. Compared to other ages
(i) can be equated to dragons from other cultures
(ii) like sphinxes, no one believes in their existence

(b) Write a summary of the passage in about 100 words.
Answer:
Summary
The Grealt Sphinx (18 m x 57 m) located 8 miles in the desert from Cairo, alongside 3 other sphinxes, supposedly guards the Pyramids. The monster structure has a finely carved man’s head, a lion’s body, forepaws stretched forward, and mysterious eyes. Built 5000 years ago to represent the sun god Harmarchis it differs from other Egyptian sphinxes that have heads of kings representing their protective power over subjects. Sphinxes in Assyria and Greece are winged, bearing male heads in Assyria and female ones in Greece.

Note Making Passages Pdf 9
Read the passage given below carefully:

Shakespeare, Milton, Chaucer, Spenser, Dr Johnson are among the literary masters who contributed greatly to the growth, enrichment and development of the English language. Among them Shakespeare has no equal with regard to extent and profundity of his influence on the language. Critics conclude that his mind is not shown by the fact that he was acquainted with around 20,000 words but by the fact that since he wrote about it in a great variety of subjects and touched upon several human facts and relationships that he needed his number of words in his writings.

He also had a remarkable familiarity with technical expressions. He also used language to individualise the characters in his plays. The every day of the artisans in A Midsummer Night’s Dream’ is comic and different from the diction or the other superior characters. A great many words used by Shakespeare have another value than they had then. For instance, the word ‘bonnet’ was a man’s cap and not a woman’s headgear. To charm a person was in his time associated with witchcraft while notorious was used for someone well known in a good sense.

Chaucer’s writings too had a powerful influence on the English language although it is difficult to prove this fact by definite examples. He was regarded as a poet of new thought. He not only imported hundreds of words from other languages but also created hundreds of them. Like him, Milton contributed about 7000 words to English vocabulary. Words like ‘pandemonium’ are examples of his coinage, and phrases such as ‘the human face divine’ are examples of his phrases. Another poet of our time, Spenser, left his mark on the English poetic style. Though many of his expressions have now become obsolete, in the middle of the 18th century writers and poets were eager to adopt his romantic style when they wanted to move away from everyday realities.

By far the greatest influence on English has come from the Bible and many of its words have become household words today. The best judges of English style recommend a constant study of the Bible as a training ground in English. The scriptural ‘holy of holies’ which contains the Hebrew manner of expressing the superlative, has given rise to phrases such as ‘horror of horrors’. Some scriptural proper nouns such a Jehu, are mentioned when a driver is driving furiously in context with Jehu’s driving mentioned in the Bible. In poetry it is due to the Biblical influence that the ‘th’ forms began to be used by poets in words such as ‘loveth’ ‘hath, etc. Besides giving us words, the Bible had a tremendous influence on the technical grammar of modern poetry, particularly in the works of Milton, Tennyson and Shakespeare.

(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, using headings and subheadings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary — minimum four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it.

Answer:
(a) Enriching Of English
I. The enrichment of English is through the writings of Shakespeare, Milton, Chaucer, Spenser
II. The contribution of Shakespeare include
(i) knew more than 20K words
(ii) used them to express a vast number of subjects
(iii) to express human relationships and facts
(iv) to individualise characters
(v) the artisans in ‘A midsummer Night’s Dream’

III. Changes in usage of words since Shakespeare’s time
(i) bonnet a man’s cap
(ii) charm: associated with witchcraft
(iii) notorious: used in a good sense

IV. The contributions of other greats
(i) Chaucer: poet of new thought
(ii) Milton: added 7000 words to Eng vocabulary
(iii) Spenser: popular for the romantic style in poetry

V. The greatest infl from the Bible
(i) for bettering English style
(ii) use of the super’ve rooted in Hebrew
(iii) holy of holies
(iv) scriptural proper nouns now common usage
(v) influence of the ‘th’ form in Eng poetry
(vi) contribution to technical grammar of poetry writing

(b) Write a summary of the passage in about 100 words.
Answer:
Summary:
The English language has been enriched through the writings of Shakespeare, Milton, Chaucer, Spenser. Shakespeare’s contribution of 20,000 words was used to express varied subjects, and individualise characters. Chaucer’s poetry provided new thought and Milton increased vocabulary with 7000 more words. Spenser introduced the romantic style of poetry writing and the Bible exerted the greatest influence of all times with bringing scriptural proper nouns into common usage, bettering style, and contributing to the technical grammar of poetry writing.

Note Making Passages Pdf 10
Read the passage given below.

One of the disheartening sights at a wedding venue is the kilos of food scraped off plates and thrown into bins. While there are groups of volunteers working towards food waste management, in weddings, there is an increasing number of couples coming forward to reduce food wastage when they get married. Wedding planners and caterers in the capital say that it has now become an important part of their checklist and that they are being asked by clients to include food management as a service and even a mandatory part of the pack. If the wedding planners fail to take care of the leftover food, couples themselves reach out to NGOs that come to the wedding venture, collect the excess food and distribute it among the needy and homeless.

Other couples say that as part of the money spent on the wedding, a part is kept aside on clearing out the trash. Hence while researching out the best caterers, wedding planners and makeup artists, these couples also keep looking out for volunteers and NGOs who could clear up the extra food. Such NGOs exist in Delhi, Hyderabad and Chennai. When the wedding guests have left, they arrive at the buffet area to collect the leftover food and distribute it among the homeless. Not confined to the main wedding function, they also arrive for the minor ceremonies such as the sangeet and the mehendi and even the post-wedding functions. Also, they put up posters at the wedding site telling people not to waste food.

According to one of the caterers, in around 40%of the weddings, clients are more than happy to come on board when the concept of disposal of extra food is explained to them. Clients also prefer this food disposal system as the venue remains clean and the clients do not have to pay extra to have the food thrown away.

With increasing demand for such facilities some caterers are also arranging storage facilities for their clients to be used after the wedding. Caterers concede that such an arrangement means an extra effort on their part as they have to learn new techniques of food preservation, be it summer, winter or the monsoon. Thus even if the caterers do not come across needy people at night the food can be stored and distributed conveniently later. Clients, on their part, do not just want a distribution of the extra food but also demand quality-wise 100% fitness of the food distributed.

Usually, the margin of excess in weddings is huge. Thus some caterers are now keeping a separate section where, whatever amount of food is left, is stored. Others coordinate with a few orphanages in advance where the food can be distributed. Clients even ask volunteer organizations to refer them to caterers who have facilities for storage and who will undertake distribution of the leftdver food after the feast.

(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, using headings and subheadings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary — minimum four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it.

Answer:
(a) Checking Food Wastage At Weddings
I. Food wastage at weddings
(i) disheartening sight of kilos scraped into bins
(ii) couples coming fwd to check food wastage
(iii) important agenda for wedding planners
(iv) sometimes mandatory part of pack
(v) NGOs coming fwd to carry out the task

II. Couples keep aside part of wedding expenditure
(i) for clearing away trash
(ii) search for volunteers for collecting extra food
(iii) services avail’le at Chennai, Hyd, Del
(iv) volunteers arrive post-wedding .
(v) nature of services extended
(vi) A. bring their own volunteers
B. even cover mehndi, sangeet & post-wedding
C. hang posters about not wasting food at venue

III. Initiatives by caterers include
(i) services for food storage to use after wedding
(ii) welcomed by clients
(iii) area remains clean .

IV. Pressure on caterers
(i) forcing them to learn food preservation techniques
(ii) clients demand 100% fitness of food distributed
(iii) caterers allocate sep section for food storage
(iv) coord with orphanages for taking away extra food
(v) client preference for such service providers

(b) Write a summary of the passage in about 100 words.
Answer:
Summary
With couples coming forward to check food wastage at weddings, this is becoming an important part of the planning agenda. NGOs are pitching in and collecting leftover food for distribution to the needy, homeless and orphanages. Couples are setting aside a part of wedding expenditure for trash clearance and availing volunteer services for food collection. Initiatives by caterers include storage of leftover food ensuring quality preservation, scheduled for later use and orphanage distribution, as client preference increases for such facilities.

Note Making Passages Pdf 11
Read the following passage carefully.

Over 60% of doctors in the country now prefer, one out of three times, digital interaction with their patients as against the traditional face-to-face interaction, indicating a trend where WhatsApp, text messages and emails are increasingly being used for consultations. This is slightly lower, but in keeping with the trend in the United States, Japan and China, where a greater number of healthcare professionals (HCPs) — in certain markets, over 90% — have switched to the digital medium, using WeChat, blogs, email and text messaging to engage with patients for follow-up.

Also, a majority of doctors — globally 60% — demand drug companies combine the use of digital tablets and iPads along with direct interaction when medical representatives (MRs) are detailing the portfolio of medicines. These findings are part of the Digital Savvy HCP (Healthcare Practitioner)

2015, an annual global survey on the digital habits of doctors across the United States, Japan, China and India, by healthcare solutions firm Indegeiie, shared exclusively with TOI.

The survey involved more than 1,600 healthcare professionals across the globe, with 67% speciality doctors, and the remaining 33% general practitioners. In India, over 300 doctors were part of the survey with more than 10 years of experience, practising in tier 1 and tier 2 places across the country.

The survey found that 76% doctors in the US prefer personal interaction (of field force) along with detailing with the tablet, while the corresponding figure in India is 90%.

As against this, doctors in India prefer a face-to-face detailing with their digital tablets, wherein they meet MRs in their clinics and the latter are equipped with detailing on their tablets/iPads.

Globally, drug companies are increasingly switching to digital channels like emails, websites, webinars, apps and text messages due to compliance requirements, the survey says, adding 34% of physicians globally value the smartphone as a key resource in seeking-medical information. Other devices used by doctors are laptops, PCs and tablets. India sees less than half the global usage of smartphones (by doctors), while the most preferred device for doctors here is laptops (34%).

(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, using headings and subheadings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary — minimum four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it.

Answer:
(a) Doctors and the Digital Interaction
I. The growing preference for digital interaction
(i) preferred by 60% of doctors
(ii) choosing above face-to-face interaction with patients
(iii) choice of WhatsApp, text msg and emails messaging
(iv) used for consultancy
(v) figures at a par with trend in China, Japan, US ‘& China

II. Usage in other countries ,
(i) 90% of HCP use method health care professionals
(ii) choice of WeChat, blogs, email, text msg
(iii) engaging with patients for follow-up

III. Usage among doctors globally
(i) 60% global demand to drug companies
(ii) use of digital tablets and iPads along with direct consultancy
(iii) used by MRs when detailing portfolio of medicines
(iv) demand by HCPs of 2015

IV. The findings of Indegene company
(i) survey conducted on 16 HCPs globally
(ii) included 67% specialists 33% GPs
(iii) 300 Indian doctors with 10 years experience
(iv) ranged across tier I and tier II cities in India

V. Findings of the team
(i) 76% US doctors prefer personal interaction-! tablet usage
(ii) Indian doctors
(iii) A. prefer face-to-face detailing with tablet
B. prefer meeting in clinics
(iv) prefer smartphone for keeping medical info

VI. Findings about drug companies
(i) inc switching to emails, websites, webinars, apps, msg
(ii) Indian doctors use half of the world usage
(iii) most preferred device: laptops

(b) Write a summary of the passage in about 100 words.
Answer:
Summary
Indian doctors, like those in the US, Japan and China, prefer digital usage during patient interaction. Among HCPs, 90% showed preference for digital usage, while engaging with patients for follow-up. Also, 60% doctors demand digital usage by medical representatives of drug companies. The Indegene company’s survey of 300 Indian doctors with decade-long experience, in tier I & II cities, showed preference for tablets during patient contact and smartphones for keeping information. Drug companies found that half of digital users were Indian doctors and their preferred gadget was laptops.

In this article, we are providing The Thief’s Story Extra Questions and Answers PDF Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet CBSE, Extra Questions for Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet was designed by subject expert teachers.

The Thief’s Story Extra Questions and Answers Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet

Extract Based Questions [3 Marks each]

Read the following extracts carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Question 1.
“You look a bit of a wrestler yourself”. I said A little flattery helps in making friends.
(a) Who was the speaker? Who was he trying to flatter?
(b) Why did the speaker want to be friends with the listener?
(c) Find the antonym of ‘criticism’ in the extract.
(d) What is the opposite of ‘friends’?
Answer:
(a) Hari Singh was the speaker and he was trying to flatter Anil.
(b) The speaker wanted to be friends with the listener because he wanted to rob him after gaining his trust.
(c) The antonym is ‘flattery’.
(d) ‘Enemies’ is its opposite.

Question 2.
Well, it’s time I did some real work, I told myself; I’m out of practice. [CBSE 2013]
(a) What ‘real work’ is the speaker talking about?
(b) Why does the speaker say ‘I’m out of practice’?
(c) Give a synonym of ‘practice’.
(d) What part of speech is the word ‘real’ in the extract?
Answer:
(a) The ‘real work’ in the extract refers to stealing.
(b) The speaker says so because he is a thief and he has not robbed anyone recently.
(c) Here, habit is a synonym of‘practice’.
(d) It is an adjective

Question 3.
When the train had gone, I found myself standing alone on the deserted platform. I had no idea where to spend the night. I had no friends. [CBSE 2014]
(a) Why was the speaker standing alone on the platform?
(b) Why did he not have any friends?
(c) Which word in the extract is an antonym of the word ‘crowded’?
(d) What does ‘deserted’ mean?
Answer:
(a) The speaker was standing alone on the platform because a train had just left.
(b) The speaker did not have any friends because he thought that friends were more trouble than help.
(c) The word is ‘deserted’.
(d) It means empty.

Question 4.
He knew. But neither his lips nor his eyes showed anything.
(a) Who is ‘he’ in the extract? What did he know?
(b) Why did he not show anything?
(c) Which word in the extract means the same as ‘reveal’.
(d) What is the antonym of ‘showed’?
Answer:
(a) ‘He’ refers to Anil in the extract. He knew about the theft of his money.
(b) Anil did not show anything because he was understanding and Hari’s return gave him the hope of a change in him.
(c) ‘Showed’ means the same as ‘reveal’.
(d) ‘Hide’ is its antonym.

Short Answer Type Questions [2 Marks each]

Question 1.
Why did Hari Singh approach Anil?
Answer:
Hari Singh was a thief who had not much luck in his work recently. So he approached Anil with the intention of robbing him, as he seemed to be an easygoing and simple man. According to Hari, winning Anil’s confidence was an easy task.

Question 2.
Anil walked away. I followed casually’. Why do you think the narrator followed Anil?
Answer:
The narrator’s purpose of robbing Anil had not yet been served. He followed Anil to gain his trust and look for an opportunity that may help him give shape to his plans.

Question 3.
Was Hari Singh successful in robbing Anil? Was Anil the only one who was robbed or did Hari also rob himself of something?
Answer:
Yes, Hari Singh was successful in robbing Anil. But Anil was not the only one who was robbed at that time. Hari had robbed himself as well. He had lost the chance of receiving education and being literate. He had robbed Anil monetarily but he had robbed himself of the chance for a better and brighter future, which was much more valuable.

Question 4.
What did Anil and Hari agree upon to be the mode of payment? [CBSE 2015]
Answer:
When Anil stated his inability to pay Hari, Anil questioned Hari if he could feed Hari. Hari realised that he had misjudged his target and moulded the situation for his benefit. Anil then agreed to feed him if he knew how to cook.

Question 5.
What made Hari Singh go back to Anil’s house?
Answer:
Hari Singh realised the importance of education he was receiving from Anil. He knew that learning how to read and write and being a literate person would open doors to many opportunities. He was sure that he would then be able to earn more than a few hundred rupees he had in hand at that time. This made him go back to Anil.

Question 6.
Did Hari like working for Anil? Give reasons in support of your answer. [CBSE 2014]
Answer:
Yes, Hari liked working for Anil. He was happy to carry on the chores for him and was grateful for the education he was receiving. He used to make profit of about a rupee a day as well, which was a decent amount besides being fed.

Question 7.
Why was it difficult for Hari to rob Anil?
Answer:
It was difficult for Hari to rob Anil because Anil was the most trusting person Hari had ever met. He was really simple and kind. Hari knew that loss of money will not affect Anil but the loss of trust will make him sad.

Question 8.
State the events that took place on the night of the theft. [CBSE 2016]
Answer:
The night of robbery vitas quite eventful for Hari Singh. After stealing Anil’s money and leaving Anil’s house, Hari went to the railway station but didn’t board the train to Lucknow. He walked slowly through the bazaar as he did i ot know anyone who would provide him shelter except Anil, for he didn’t have any friends. He was forced to take shelter under the clock tower later when it started raining heavily. That is where he realised the importance of education and decided to go back to Anil.

Question 9.
How was the morning after the night of the theft?
Answer:
The morning after the night of the theft was just like a normal one. Hari woke up late and Anil had made tea by then. Anil gave a fifty rupee note to Hari and told him that he will now be paid regularly. Hari was aware that Anil knew about the theft but he didn’t show anything.

Question 10.
How do you think Anil may have come to know about the theft?
Answer:
Anil may have come to know about the theft because of the dampness of the notes because of rain. He was a kind but wise .man. It wouldn’t haye been difficult for Anil to make out the series of events that would have taken place in the night.

Question 11.
Had Anil really forgiven Hari Singh? Support your answer with evidence. [CBSE 2012]
Answer:
Yes, Anil had forgiven Hari Singh. It is evident because Anil handed over to Hari a fifty rupee note as soon as Hari woke up. Though he knew that Hari had robbed the money at first but his subsequent actions gave him hope of change in Hari’s character.

Long Answer (Value Based) Type Questions [8 Marks each]

Question 1.
Money can’t make a man as much as education can. Elucidate the statement. [CBSE 2013]
Answer:
The statement stands true in almost all the aspects of life. Money may buy us all the luxuries and fulfil our needs but it cannot buy us knowledge, civilised thinking, skills and abilities to achieve our dreams. Education lays the platform for all to act upon our goals according to our abilities. Education enables us to keep up with the fast moving world. It opens the door to opportunities we do not know even exist. Money, on the other hand, can assist us to a certain level. It can buy us a plan but education gives us the knowledge of its execution. Just as in the story ‘A Thief s Story’, Hari Singh prioritised the chance of being literate over a few hundred rupees, we must understand that education can help us to achieve whatever we desire.

Question 2.
Hari Singh didn’t board the express and returned to Amil. Why did he return? On what values does this incidence put light on?
Answer:
Hari Singh was a thief and he had stolen Anil’s money. After the theft, he realised that he had robbed not only Anil but also himself of the chance of being literate and having a bright future. His conscience pricked him to think what all he could have got had he not done this. It was difficult for him to rob Anil but it was tougher for him not to back. He realised that he could not make tea, buy daily supplies and learn how to read and write then. His inner self did not agree to bypass this and forced him to return.
Hari’s return to Anil shows that despite indulging in criminal acts, he still had a practical and positive attitude towards life. It is the awakening of Hari’s conscience and Anil’s love and care that reformed Hari’s character. It teaches us that love alone can change a person. Anil’s understanding nature and care changed Hari’s thinking to mend his ways for good.

For More Resources

• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English
• CBSE Class 10 English First Flight Chapter Wise Question Bank
• CBSE Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet Chapter Wise Question Bank
• CBSE Class 10 English First Flight Extra Questions
• CBSE Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet Extra Questions
• CBSE Revision Notes for Class 10 English First Flight
• CBSE Revision Notes for Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet

A report is a factual description of an issue or a problem. A report is written for a clear purpose and for a particular audience. Various forms of reports are: newspaper reports, inquiry reports, progress or action taken report, a police report, a report of a meeting, etc., each having a distinct character and format.

Looking for an easy way to learn English Grammar? then you are in right place. Here we providing basic English Grammar topics like Tenses Verbs, Nouns, etc…

Report Writing for Class 11 Format, Examples, Topics, Samples, Types

A report is a description of an event or an. investigation of an issue or a problem. It may also be an objective analysis or evaluation of something. It is a vivid expression of a person’s experience. It is a commentary on the incidents seen by the reporter. The purpose of a report is to highlight an incident, event or experience of general nature. Reports create awareness among readers, give voice to many social problems and help in solving them through the concerned authorities.

Types of Report Speech In Class 11 CBSE

Mainly there are two types of reports in class 11th syllabus

1. Newspaper reports involving accidents
2. Reports on events/functions

Points to be Kept in Mind

• A good report should present all the necessary information as clearly as possible.
• Write in a practical and businesslike manner.
• Write in indirect speech and preferably in a passive voice.
• Write in third person form and avoid using pronouns like I, me, or you.
• Ornamental language is to be avoided. The contents should include details like what, when, where, why, who, how, eye-witness account, action/mishap, etc.
• The aim of the report and source from where it was obtained should be mentioned at the beginning itself.
• It should have a proper heading and simple language, which.is easy to grasp, in several small paragraphs.
• Adhere to the word limit of 150-200 words

TYPE 1
Newspaper Reports
Involving Accidents

Value Points
O Be Used In An Accident Report

• What happened
• When
• Why(if known)
• Loss of life and property
• Details of the accident site
• Details of casualties – dead/injured/hospitalised
• Compensation to families of those killed or injured
• Where
• How
• People/vehicles involved
• Eye-witness account (if any)
• Details of rescue and relief operation
• Police action/enquiry ordered
• Warning/recommendations/action required

Format of An Accident Report
Rishikesh is popular in India for its river rafting. A well-known rafting guide gets drowned in the river after saving six Delhi tourists. Write a report, to be published in a local daily, covering this rafting mishap. (150-200 words)

Report Writing Examples for Class 12 with Answers CBSE Pdf

A private boat carrying 43 tourists sank between the Andaman and Nicobar Islands leaving 21 people dead. As Pranjal/ Pranshu, staff reporter for ‘The Times of India’, write your report in 150-200 words.
Answer:

21 Dead As Boat Capsizes Off India’S Andaman And Nicobar Islands
by Staff Reporter Pranjal, The Times of India

New Delhi, 26th January, 20XX

A tourist boat capsized off the coast of India’s remote Andaman and Nicobar Islands at 8:40 PM yesterday leaving 21 people dead. The private boat was carrying 43 tourists, all believed to be Indians, when it sank between the popular spots of Ross Island and North Bay near Port Blair, the capital of the islands. Some people were pulled out from the water and were taken to a hospital in Port Blair, with several of them in serious condition.

Rescue operations were underway for at least another nine people still missing, who may be trapped in the now submerged vessel. The Prime Minister expressed shock over the tragedy and has asked India’s national agencies to help in the rescue and relief operation.

A list of the dead and injured was expected to be released soon with the relatives being urged to contact the control room for information.

Report Writing Practice Worksheets with Answers Class 11 CBSE

Question 1.
A daylight robbery took place in Bhubaneswar in Khurda Tank police station limits when the Branch Staff of SBI were on their way back after collecting ₹ 60 lakh from the regional office of the Reserve Bank. As a staff correspondent for ‘The Indian Express’, write a report in 150-200 words.
Answer:

₹ 60 Lakh Looted In Armed Robbery
by Staff Correspondent Himanshu Sareen, The Indian Express

Bhuvaneswar, 4th February, 20XX

In a daring robbery, armed miscreants shot at employees of the State Bank of India (SBI) and looted ? 60 lakh from them. A security guard of the bank sustained a bullet injury in the incident. He is recovering in the city hospital. He has identified one of the dacoits as being an employee of the bank.

The incident took place at about 1:40 PM when the Branch Staff of SBI were on their way back to the branch carrying the cash withdrawn from the regional office of the Reserve Bank in a metal trunk. Their vehicle was intercepted by a Bolero and at least five miscreants got down and fired in the air. They then smashed one side glass window of the bank’s vehicle, dragged the driver out and thrashed him.

Other security personnel and the cashier were also roughed up and shot at. Terrorising the SBI staff, the dacoits fled after snatching their mobile phones and the metal trunk containing the cash. Khurda SP said that a hunt is on for the dacoits who had prior knowledge about the cash movement.

Question 2.
A case of racism in Delhi resulted in the death of a 19-year-old, portraying Delhiites as uncivilised, racist, hypocrites, and psychopaths. Write a report in 150-200 words covering the protest against the death of the 19-year-old. You are working as a reporter for ‘The Hindustan Times’.
Answer:

North-East Students Protest Death Of Nido Tania
by Staff Reporter Amrit Singh, The Hindustan Times

New Delhi, 6th February, 20XX

A group of students from-the North-East staged a protest against the death of an Arunachal Pradesh MLA’s son after being allegedly thrashed to death in Lajpat Nagar.

This protest at the Union Home Minister’s residence followed the earlier demonstration held in front of the Lajpat Nagar Police Station, under whose jurisdiction the Lajpat Nagar areas falls.

The 19-year-old student Nido Tania was allegedly beaten up by some shopkeepers following an altercation sparked by their taunts on his hairstyle. Police reached the spot and brokered a compromise, after which Tania returned home with friends.

However, he did not wake up the next day and was declared brought dead at AIIMS. Protestors in large numbers gathered outside the Lajpat Nagar Police Station and raised slogAnswer: against the police. Police have registered a case of murder and are probing the matter. A magisterial inquiry has also been ordered.

Question 3.
Nearly 158 people are feared dead after an airliner crashed while landing near the South Indian city of Mangalore. All the passengers on the flight were Indian nationals with many returning from jobs in the Gulf to visit their families. As a reporter of a national daily, report the accident in 150-200 words.
Answer:

158 Feared Dead After Airliner Crash
by Staff Reporter Aditi Jhalani, The Hindustan Times

Mangalore, 27th December, 20XX

An Air India Express airliner crashed and burst into flames outside an airport in South India killing ,158 people, many thought to be Indian migrant workers returning home from Dubai. The Boeing 737-800 appeared to skid off the table-top runway in rain at Mangalore Airport in Karnataka state and plunged into the forest below. Flames spouted from the wreckage as rescue workers fought to bring the fire under control.

Eight people from among 166 passengers and crew on board were rescued and shifted to local hospitals. Survivors said that they thought they heard what sounded like a tyre bursting just before the crash. Officials said that all 158 bodies had been recovered, some burned beyond recognition. The Minister for Civil Aviation said that he felt ‘morally responsible’ for the crash. He conveyed his condolences to the bereaved families.

Question 4.
A fire broke out in a slum area near Seemapuri in Delhi. Write a report in 150-200 words for ‘The Times of India’. You are Rohan/Rohini, a staff reporter.
Answer:

So Killed, Ioo Injured In Massive Fire
by Staff Reporter Rohan, The Times of India

Delhi, 17th August, 20XX

Nearly 500 dwellings were gutted last evening at 5 PM in a fire that broke out in a densely populated slum near Seemapuri. 50 people are reported dead while another 100 are admitted to hospital in a critical condition. A lot of hutments of the area were using plastic sheets as waterproofing for their roofs and these may have caused the fire to spread.

The original cause of the fire is still unknown. According to an official, the piles of plastic fed the fire which turned wild. Rescue workers were seen carrying the dead and the injured to the nearby hospitals. The fire rendered a large number of families shelterless and without food. Many of the casualties occurred due to asphyxiation of the victims. A large number of the injured were having more than 80% burns, and thus were unlikely to survive.

The Chief Minister of Delhi visited the area and ordered an enquiry to establish the cause of the fire. He also announced grants in the form of cash and kind.

Question 5.
You are a Staff Reporter for ‘The Hindu’. You have been asked to report an accident where a bus lost control and hit a car, killing 3 people. Write the report in 150-200 words. Invent other necessary details.
Answer:

Bus Hits Car, 3 Dead
by Staff Reporter, The Hindu

Kochi, 23rd June, 20XX

A bus travelling from Alleppey to Thrissur rammed into a car yesterday, killing 3 people on the spot, near Ernakulam Station during the early hours of the morning.

In an attempt to overtake the lorry in front of it, the bus lost control leading to a head-on collision with a car which was coming from the opposite direction. All the passengers in the car were killed on the spot. The passengers of the bus who had suffered minor injuries were given first aid at the nearby railway hospital. An eyewitness said that the bus driver was at fault as he was trying to overtake at a spot where there was no space.

The Kochi Police night patrol van, which was nearby, immediately arrived at the accident site and directed the rescue operations. The bus driver was arrested on the spot. An enquiry has been initiated.

It has been observed that this part of the road has been witnessing numerous accidents primarily due to vehicles travelling at speed due to lack of speed breakers, which are necessary in such a crowded area.

TYPE 2
Reports on Events/ Functions

Value Points
To Be Used In A Report On Events/Functions

• Type of function or its name
• Date, time and place
• Objective and main highlight of the programme
• Description of the event
• Prize distribution
• Conclusion
• Comments about the quality of the programme
• Occasion
• Name/Designation of the Chief Guest
• Inauguration, (if any)
• Chief Guests address to audience
• Vote of thanks
• Contribution of the writer, il any

Format Of An Event Report

You are Ameena/Aijaz of VK International School, New Delhi. Recently your school organised a cultural show as part of a cultural exchange programme. Write a report in 150-200 words for your school magazine.

Report Writing Exercises with Answers Class 11 CBSE

Question 1.
Recently you attended a seminar on Adult Education organised by the CBSE. The seminar was held at VKT Public School, Delhi. Write a report on the seminar in 150-200 words to be published in ‘The Indian Express’, New Delhi. You are Garv/Gaurika, special correspondent of ‘The Indian Express’.
Answer:

Seminar On Adult Education
by Garv, Special Correspondent, The Indian Express

New Delhi, 20th January, 20XX

A seminar on Adult Education was held from 10 PM to 4 PM on 17th January, 20XX at VKT Public School.

The seminar, organised by the CBSE, was attended by 150 delegates from 15 different schools. Most of the attendees were teachers from government schools and those schools which conduct classes for working people in the evenings. These teachers have faced many practical difficulties in spreading adult education.

The purpose of the seminar was to chalk out plAnswer: for spreading adult literacy in North district of Delhi. The seminar was presided over by a well-known educationist Dr VK Rao from the Directorate of Education. In his address, he referred to the extent of ignorance and illiteracy that prevails in the capital and how damaging it can be for those adults who are not educated, especially in the slums. Principals and teachers representing various schools gave suggestions regarding steps that could be taken to eradicate illiteracy.

The seminar was highly informative and laid out a road map for future action in this important mission.

Simple Report Writing Examples for Students for Class 11 CBSE

Question 1.
You are Advait/Adhika, a responsible citizen. You organised a campaign on ‘Say No to Illegal Child Labour ’ in your area. Write a report of the same for a local daily. (150-200 words)
Answer:

Residents Launch Campaign Against Child Labour
by Advait

New Delhi, 24th January, 20XX .

A campaign to raise awareness and enforce a ban on the heinous crime of illegal child labour was launched last week by Angel Colony Resident Welfare Association in New Friends Colony area of New Delhi.

The Angel Colony has many slum clusters around it and many slum dwellers force their children even below 14 years of age to work in dhabas, in cycle repair shops, as well as in pavement stalls. The poor children remain illiterate just like their parents.

The campaign saw the residents, businessmen and labour coming together and participating wholeheartedly. It started with veteran freedom fighter Shri RK Sahay addressing the gathered crowd and highlighting the importance of education in the formative years of a child.

He remarked that working as’labour hinders the all-round growth of children. The crowd then held a peaceful march with posters and slogAnswer: in favour of banning child labour. The gathering then gave a signed petition to the Labour Commissioner to stop this illegal practice.

Question 2.
As a student reporter of your school magazine, write a report in 150-200 words on the Worker’s Day Celebration in the school.
Answer:

Worker’S Day Celebration
by Anmol Juneja

1st May is celebrated as ‘Worker’s Day’ all over the world. To honour and highlight the dignity of labour, a prayer service and a short cultural event was organised by the students of our school. It was attended by the construction workers of the new school building, which is still under construction. The Principal had asked all the students of the school to be present, so that they could appreciate the contribution of the workers towards improving their lives.

The students welcomed the workers by offering flower bouquets to each one of them. Their hard work and dedication was appreciated in the address by the Director of the school. The students presented a colourful programme including a short skit, dance and a role play. A number of games were also organised for the workers.

Our Principal asked the students to develop a sense of equality and treat the workers justly. The programme concluded with the slogan ‘Love and Respect Workers’ and the singing of the National Anthem.

Question 3.
In order to promote the book reading habit amongst school children, your school organised a ‘Book Week’. During this week, a number of exciting activities including interaction sessions with eminent authors took place.

As Head Boy/Girl of the school, you were actively involved in making all the arrangements. Write a report for the local newspaper in 150-200 words.
Answer:

Book Week Organised
by Shivani Mittal, Head Girl, Rama Krishna School, Meerut

Rama Krishna School in Meerut Cantt organised the annual ‘Book Week’ from 1st to 7th November, 20XX in the school premises. The idea of celebrating the ‘Book Week’ was mooted by Ms Shalini Taneja, senior teacher in English. The Book Week was aimed at promoting the book reading habit amongst school children, for a better understanding of English literature. The Book Week brought together the high profile works and new editions of prominent writers from India and abroad. Besides the books, magazines, maps, teaching aids and computer software were also on display.

One of the main attractions of the celebration was an interactive session with the eminent and prolific writer, Mr Vikram Seth. Mr Seth gave an inspiring speech to the students, motivating them to focus on creative writing. Book covers featuring the famous titles of his books, attractively designed by student artists, were also displayed. Many Inter-house competitions like literary quiz, book character, fancy dress, debate, poster-making etc were held during the week.

The winners were awarded by the school Principal, Mr Sahney, in an award ceremony organised on the last day of the Book Week.

Question 4.
You are Kavya/Karuna, a special correspondent of a leading newspaper. You were sent to cover the India International Trade Fair (IITF) held at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi. Write a report in 150-200 words.
Answer:

Automobile Industry Dominates International Trade Fair
by Karuna, Special Correspondent
The Times of India

New Delhi, 15th November, 20XX.

The India International Trade Fair (IITF) at Pragati Maidan takes place every year from 14th to 27th November. This year, the fair was inaugurated by the Prime Minister. The theme of the fair this time was automobile industry.

Well-known Indian companies like Maruti Suzuki, Tata, Eicher, Mahindra, Hero, Bajaj, Kinetic and others had large stalls managed by knowledgeable staff, who impressed all the visitors.

Apart from Indian automobile companies, many automobile companies from abroad participated in this fair. Automobile giants such as Ford, BMW, Mercedes, Audi etc launched their luxury cars for the Indian market. Other than automobiles, there were stalls displaying the artifacts, electronics, textiles, etc. from the participating countries. Pavilions of different states could be seen. The exhibition showcased India’s progress in numerous fields. All the stalls drew large crowds and their exhibits were sold in quick time.

Such fairs help in strengthening business and cultural ties with other countries and, thus, should be promoted.

Question 5.
You are Surbhi/Sahil, Cultural Correspondent of your school magazine. Write a report for the magazine on the celebration of the Annual Day of your school in 150-200 words. Mention one of the items presented, whose picture is given below.

Answer:

Annual Day Function
by Sahil, Cultural Correspondent

On 24th September, the school’s Annual Day Function was held from 5 PM onwards in the school auditorium. The Chief Guest, Mr Abhinav Bindra, the champion shooter, was a special attraction at the function.

The function was formally started by the Chief Guest by lighting the traditional lamp. Then, the various cultural items were presented on the stage by the students. The ‘Mushira’ (poetry conclave) by the senior students became an instant hit because of its humorous poems. Additionally, the Tribal Dance’ by the primary classes got a ‘once more’. Each and every item presented was the result of the hard work put in to make it perfect by the student participants and the teachers.

Then the Chief Guest was invited on the stage to give away the prizes. The best houses in academics, sports and co-curricu!ar activities were awarded. After the prize distribution, Mr Bindra addressed everyone, saying that he could not conceal his happiness to be amongst students. He mentioned that he had learnt a lot from his teachers. Our Principal then proposed the vote of thanks to end the function. With the singing of the National Anthem, the curtain was brought down on the function.

Simple Report Writing Assessment for Students

1. You are Amrita/ Amrath, staff correspondent of ‘The Times of India’, Mumbai. You visited the places in the city devastated by the terrorist attack in November, 2008. Write a report on the loss of lives and the immense damage caused to property. (150-200 words)

2. You are a special correspondent of a local newspaper. You have been asked to cover an accident involving a . petrol tanker on a national highway passing through your city. Write your report in 150-200 words.

3. Recently your town experienced a cloudburst during heavy rains. Write a newspaper report covering the incident in 150-200 words.

4. You were travelling by Konark Express from Chennai to Bhubaneswar. In the wee hours, 3 bogies of the train got derailed and the train came to a grinding halt when it was nearing Bhubaneswar. All the passengers were awakened from their slumber to realise that their lives were in danger. Draft a report in 150-200 words for a local daily after you were rescued. You are Rishabh/Ritika, a staff reporter.

5. As a staff reporter for ‘Hindustan Times’, who witnessed the collapse of the building in Rani Nagar which led to the death of sixty-five people, write a report in 150-200 words for publication in the newspaper.

6. A special Theatre Festival is being held in your city. Many well-known modern plays will be staged by amateur theatre groups in this week-long festival. Write a report in 150-200 words on the proceedings of the inaugural day of the festival.

7. Recently some property of your school was vandalised by some unknown people. The Principal of the school has asked you to prepare a report on the incident. Draft a report in 150-200 words.

8 . You are Surbhi/Saurabh, working as a correspondent for ‘The Indian Express’ at Mumbai. You were invited by the organisers to cover the much awaited programme of the music sensation Rihanna in Mumbai. Write a report on this historic event, giving necessary details in 150-200 words.

9. You are Vidhu/Vaibhav. You have observed that health clubs and beauty parlours are mushrooming everywhere. Recently the residents of your colony had attended a seminar on the subject wherein people talked about the growing awareness of health and beauty. Write a report in 150-200 words.

10. You recently attended a camp organised by SPCA-Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Prepare a report about it to be published in your school magazine in 150-200 words.

11. You were eyewitness to a fire in a flat in your housing society. You were able to take a photo of the fire with your mobile phone’s camera, which is given below. Write a report about the incident in 150 – 200 words for a local newspaper.

12. You are Kirti/Kamal, the Cultural Secretary of your school. Recently your school celebrated the 20th anniversary of its foundation. Write a report for your school magazine in 150 – 200 words on the celebration of Founder’s Day in your school.

13. As the staff reporter for the ‘Deccan Herald’ newspaper, report on the recent riots in your city, using the picture given below as a guide and inventing the other details, in 150 – 200 words.

14. You are Rashmi / Ravi, a special correspondent of ‘Nai Duniya’ newspaper. You have been asked to cover the two-day cultural fiesta being organised by the local branch of the Rotary Club in aid of the poor. Write the report in 150 – 200 words.

15. You are Karan/ Karishma, the literary correspondent of ‘The Indian Express’. A festival of Shakespeare’s plays is being organised, by a visiting drama group from the UK in your city. Your editor has asked you to write a report in 150 – 200 words on the festival. Base your report on a picture of the festival given below and what you saw when you attended the staging of one of the plays.

Letter writing is an essential skill. Despite the prevalence of emails and text messages, everyone has to write letters at some point. Letters of complaint, job applications, thank you letters, letters requesting changes or – making suggestions – the list goes on and on. Encouraging children to write letters from an early age will improve their communication, social and handwriting skills, and teach them what they need to know about writing and structuring letters.

Looking for an easy way to learn English Grammar? then you are in right place. Here we providing basic English Grammar topics like Tenses Verbs, Nouns, etc…

Letter of Inquiry and Replies Class 12 Format, Topics, Samples Pdf

Letter of Enquiry Format

Address Given Or Examination Hall Date The Principal Name of Institute AddressDear Sir/Madam Subject: Inquiry regarding _____________.Body of letterPara I – After reading your advertisement regarding _____________. I wish to make certain inquiries. Para I – Duration of course Fee structure No. of students per batch Transport facilities Para III – I will be grateful if you could send me the latest brochure along with the enrolment form enabling me to register in the course at the earliest.Yours faithfully (Name)

Letter of Inquiry Sample for Class 12 With Answers CBSE Pdf

Question 1.
You want to spend a week-long holiday at Shimla in the month of October. You have decided to stay at Hotel Snowview. Write a letter in 120 – 150 words to the manager to book a room. Mention the dates, facilities in the room, food, sightseeing facilities, etc. you will need. You are Amar/Amrita M 114, Lake Road, Karnal.
Answer:
M 114
Lake Road Karnal
Haryana XXXXXX
14 March 2017
The Manager
Hotel Snowview
Shimla XXXXXX

Dear Sir
Subject: Enquiry about facilities at Hotel Snowview

I plan to spend a week – long holiday at Shimla in October and to stay at your hotel. I shall be grateful if you could book a room for me from 10th to 17th October. I would also appreciate if the room is sun – facing and has a good overview of the place. My food preference is vegetarian and I would love to go for sightseeing every day if you could arrange a car for me at reasonable rates.

I am sure my stay would be made comfortable and memorable. Please let me know the total cost, including the transport charges. Looking forward to an early reply.

Yours faithfully
Amrita

Question 2.
Simmi, a student of class XII and resident of 12, Commissioner lane, New Delhi, wants to be a choreographer. She writes to the National Institute of Choreography, Mumbai, seeking information about their course, admission procedure, eligibility criteria and other necessary details.
Answer:
12, Commissioner Lane
New Delhi 1100XX
26 January 20XX
The Director
National Institute of Choreography
Versova Link Road
Andheri (West)
Mumbai 4000XX

Dear Sir
Subject: Inquiry regarding courses in choreography

Refer to your advertisement regarding the courses in choreography offered by your reputable institute, I am currently in XII class and preparing for my final exam. I am very much interested in dancing and want to take it as a career.

I Please send me the prospectus containing all the information regarding the course and $ie application form. I would be highly grateful if you could provide information about the following:

• The department and programme faculty
• Scholarships available
• Admission procedure
• Eligibility criteria
• Hostel facilities

Kindly send me the latest brochure with the above details along with the enrolment form at the ; earliest to enable me to register myself for the course.

Yours faithfully
Simmi Garewal

Question 3.
You are Kiran/Keshav. You want information about French Language courses at Alliance Francaise, New Delhi. Write a letter to the director enquiring about the same.
Answer:
D – 105, Lajpat Nagar
New Delhi 1100XX
26 January 20XX
The Director
Alliance Francaise
14F Block, Greater Kailash
New Delhi 1100XX

Dear Sir
Subject: Inquiry about French courses

I wish to make certain inquiries about the French language courses offered by your institution. I have just completed class XII and want to pursue my career in French. I would like to know the duration of the course, the fee structure and the transport facilities you offer.

I will be grateful if you could send me the latest brochure along with the enrolment form enabling me to register myself for the course at the earliest.

Yours faithfully
Kiran Baruah

Question 4.
APJ University is running a correspondence course in MBA. Write a letter to the Director, Correspondence Course Study Centre, Sonipat, requesting for a brochure and prospectus. You are Vidhi/Vidhan of Lajpat Nagar.
Answer:
28, Lajpat Nagar
New Delhi 1100XX
26 January 20XX
The Director
APJ University M.G. Road
Sonipat XXXXXX

Dear Sir
Subject: Enquiry regarding MBA courses

I have done BCom from Delhi University and want to pursue MBA. I would like to know about the MBA courses offered by your institution. Kindly let me know the duration of the course, the fee structure, the number of students in a batch and the transport facilities that you offer.

I will be grateful if you could send me the latest brochure along with the enrolment form enabling me – to register myself for the course at the earliest.

Yours faithfully
Vidhi Narain

Question 5.
You are interested in a short – term course in computer graphics during your holidays. Write a letter to the Director, Easy Computers, enquiring about their short – term courses and other necessary details. You are Naresh/Nandini.
Answer:
28A, Uttam Nagar
New Delhi 1100XX
26 January 20XX
The Director
Easy Computers
S Block
Laxmi Nagar
New Delhi 1100XX

Dear Sir
Subject: Enquiry about the short – term courses in computers

I came across your advertisement in yesterday’s newspaper. I would like to know in detail about the courses offered by your institute.

I am a class XII student and wish to pursue a course in computer graphics during the summer vacation after my board exams. Kindly send all necessary details, including the courses offered, their duration, fee structure, etc. at the above address.

Thanking you in anticipation.

Yours faithfully
Naresh Sinha

Question 6.
You are awaiting your class XII results. Meanwhile you would like to do a short – term course in Personality Development. Write a letter to the Director, Personal Care, Hyderabad, enquiring about the details about the course. You are Kailash/Kusum of 148, Model Town, Delhi (125 – 150 words).
Answer:
148, Model Town
New Delhi 1100XX
26 January 20XX
The Director
Personal Care 18,
Char Minar Road
Hyderabad XXXXXX

Dear Sir
Subject: Enquiry about short – term course in Personality Development

I came across your advertisement in yesterday’s newspaper. I would like to know in detail about the courses offered by your institute.

I am a class XII student and wish to pursue a course in Personality Development in the summer vacation after my board exams. Kindly send me the following details,

• The programme faculty
• Fee structure and mode of payment
• Curriculum details
• Duration of sessions
• Timings of classes
• Number of students in a batch
• Transport facility

Kindly make it clear whether smart boards are provided in the classes.

Yours faithfully
Kusum Prasad

Question 7.
You are Neeta/Naveen of 43, Ram Nagar, Meerut, studying at a coaching centre in Laxmi Nagar, Delhi. You need accommodation for yourself. Write a letter to the Manager of Paying Guest Services, 15, Aditya Complex, Laxmi Nagar, Delhi, inquiring about the details such as type of accommodation, monthly charges, facilities, etc. [All India 2014C]
Answer:
43, Ram Nagar
Meerut
Uttar Pradesh 201XXX
26 January 20XX
The Manager
15, Aditya Complex
Laxmi Nagar
New Delhi 1100XX

Dear Sir
Subject: Enquiry about the accommodation

I came across your advertisement in yesterday’s newspaper and would like to know in detail about the accommodation offered by you.

I am a resident of Meerut and studying in Delhi. I am doing CA. My coaching centre is in Laxmi Nagar and I would like to be accommodated near it to save travel time.

Kindly send me the details about the type of accommodation offered, monthly charges, facilities available like attached bathrooms, meals, and wi – fi facility, etc.

Thanking you.

Yours faithfully
Neeta Mehra

Question 8.
As a health-conscious person, you noticed an advertisement in the newspaper on yoga classes in your neighbourhood. Write a letter to the organizers enquiring about the duration of the course and other relevant details. You are Rajesh/Rajeshwari of 4/5 Saraswatipuram, Mysore.
Answer:
4/5, Saraswatipuram
Mysore XXXXXX
25 January 20XX
The Organizer
Yoga Point
Mysore XXXXXX

Dear Sir
Subject: Enquiry about Yoga classes

I came across your advertisement in yesterday’s newspaper. I would like to know the relevant details about Yoga classes offered by you.

I am a housewife. I am well aware of yoga which is a great therapy and keeps us physically fit and stress free. I wish to pursue Yoga classes for some relief in a muscular problem.

Kindly send me the following details, at the address given above.

• Courses offered
• Duration and timings of class
• Fee structure and mode of payment
• About Instructors

If possible, kindly send me a brochure so that I may know about the different teaching techniques of yoga practised in your institution.

Hoping to get a prompt reply.

Yours faithfully
Rajeshwari Sahai

A, an and the are called articles. These words say something about the noun that follows them.

Looking for an easy way to Learning of new elementary english grammar and composition for class 6 answers, Solutions. You have to learn basic English Grammar topics like Tenses Verbs, Nouns, etc… In this article, we will review the best English Grammer Topics and compare them against each other.

Exercise on Articles for Class 6 CBSE With Answers

Use of articles

Articles are a type of determiners. The term determiner covers several classes of words which includes Definite and Indefinite Articles, the Demonstratives and Adjectives of indefinite number and quantity, numerals and possessives. Determiners identify or specify a noun in various ways, for example, by making it definite (the child), indefinite (a child) or by indicating quantity or amount (many/three/some children) etc. Here we will discuss only the Definite and Indefinite Articles.

‘A’, ‘An’ and The’ are called articles. ‘A’ and ‘An’ are Indefinite articles as they are used indefinitely before countable common nouns singular numbers. ‘A’ is used with nouns beginning with consonants or consonant sound whereas ‘ An’ is used with vowels or vowel sound.

Examples:

a man
an egg
an hour (vowel sound) a union (consonant sound)
The’ is Definite article as it points out some particular person or thing.

Examples:

That is the umbrella I want.
This is the hotel where we stay.
The cow gives us milk.
The man whom I met was very helpful.

I. Use of ‘A’

1. It is used before a word beginning with a consonant; as
   a boy, a girl, a table, a year.
2. It is used before the word ‘one’ that begins with the consonant sound of ‘was’, as
   a one-eyed man, a one-rupee note
3. It is used before such ‘u’ when it sounds on ‘yu’; as
   a useful animal, a European, a university

II. Use of ‘An’

1. It is used before words beginning with a vowel; as
   an aeroplane, an elephant, an inkpot, an orange, an umbrella.
2. It is used before words beginning with a ‘h’ when it is silent; as
   an honest man, an hour
3. It is used before words beginning with consonants having vowel sound; as
   an M.P., an M.L.A.. an F.I.R., an M. Sc., an x-ray

III. Use of ‘The’

1. It is used before a particular person or thing; as
   The students of this class are very punctual.
   Did Reeta get the job she applied for?
   This is the boy I met yesterday.
   Let us go to the park.
2. It is used to denote a whole class or kind; as
   The dog is a faithful animal.
   The horse runs fast.
   The tiger is young.
3. It is used before common nouns which are names of things unique of their kind; as
   The sun shines in the sky.
   The earth moves round the sun.
   The moon is round today.
   The world is beautiful.
4. It is used before the names of directions, the dates of months; as
   The sun rises in the east.
   The sun sets in the west.
   I joined my job on the 10th of November.
5. It is used before the superlative degrees of an adjective; as
   Raman is the best boy in the class.
   Uttar Pradesh is the most populated state of India.
6. It is used before the names of oceans, rivers, gulfs, seas, mountain ranges and groups of islands; as
   Patna is situated on the banks of the Ganga.
   The Indian ocean is lying to the south of India.
   The Andamans lie in the east of India.
   The Persion Gulf countries have become wealthy.
   The Bay of Bengal lies in the east of India.
7. It is used before the names of races or nations; as
   The Indians are found in almost all the countries.
   The English exploited the Indians.
   The Muslims keep fast during the Ramzan.
   Holi is a festival of the Hindus.
8. It is used before the names of newspapers, religious books, famous buildings, ships, historical events; as
   I read the Times of India daily.
   The Ramayana is the holy book of the Hindus.
   The Taj is famous for its beauty.
   The Titanic met its tragic end.
9. It is used before Proper nouns, Material nouns and Abstract nouns to make them Common nouns: as
   Kalidas is the Shakespeare of India.
   He is the Tagore of Hindi poetry.
   The water of this well is fresh.
   The gold of this ring is pure.
10. It is used before the musical instruments; as
    Rehman plays the harmonium.
    Richa plays the violin.
11. It is used before the inventions; as
    The telephone is very useful.
    Who invented the radio?
12. It is used before the parts of the body; as
    He got injury in the head.
    The rod hit him in the back.
13. It is used before the political parties; as
    The Congress Party.
    The Communist Party

Omission of the Article

The Article is omitted before-

1. Proper Nouns; as
   Kolkata, India, Ruchika, Mt. Everest, Sunday, January.
   Note: But we say the Punjab, the USA, the Deccan
2. Arts and Sciences; as
   My favourite subject is Science.
   I like painting.
3. Names of materials; as
   Her saree is made of cotton.
   Gold is costly.
   Note: But we say:
   The tea of Assam is very popular.
4. Abstract nouns used in general sense; as
   Honesty is the best policy.
   Health is better than wealth.

Presentation
Read the picture story.

Articles Practice Exercises for Class 6 CBSE

A. Answer the following questions as per the story.

1. Why is English called an international language?
2. What is the importance of English for media industry?
3. How has English become an essential part of the internet world?

B. Fill in the box with A and An or put () where no article is required.

1. This is an amazing dance club but you don’t look like you are enjoying yourself. Aren’t you having ___________ fun? Is there ___________ problem?

2. Vegetarians don’t eat ___________ meat, they eat ___________ vegetables and ___________ fruits. Don’t make him ___________ greasy hamburger; make him a healthy salad instead.

3. We finally found an apartment, but we don’t have ___________ furniture yet. There is ___________ furniture store just around the corner and they have ___________ pretty good selection of beds. I think we’ll start there.

4. Samir works for an Egyptian company which specialises in ___________ information technology. He is going to ___________ European conference next month to discuss ___________ research on online sales in North Africa.

A. Fill in the blanks with appropriate articles. Put a cross (*) where article is required.

1. ___________ apple is ___________ fruit.
2. ___________ umbrella is ___________ useful thing.
3. My sister got ___________ best student award.
4. ___________ elephant never forgets.
5. You are ___________ hour late.
6. ___________ Mumbai Queen is an express train which runs from Pune to Mumbai.
7. William Wordsworth was ___________ great poet.
8. London is situated on ___________ Thames.
9. This is ___________ first time I have visited. ___________ village.
10. Do you speak ___________ German?

B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate articles. Leave the blank empty where article is not required.

1. Iate ___________ apple, ___________ egg and ___________ loaf of bread.
2. ___________ earth moves round ___________ sun.
3. ___________ Ganges is ___________ mighty river. It falls into ___________ Bay of Bengal.
4. ___________ Sharmas used to live in this house.
5. Ankush is ___________ tallest boy in ___________ class.
6. Morning walk is ___________ tonic for ___________ weak.
7. ___________ books are made of paper.
8. Honesty is ___________ best policy.
9. He owns ___________ horse. He has ___________ black and ___________ white horse.
10. Dilip keeps two dogs at his house. He has ___________ black and ___________ white dog.

C. Fill in the blanks with appropriate articles. If there is no need, put a cross mark (*).

1. Neha lost ___________ book that I had lent her.
2. Last night, we saw ___________ European eating ___________ egg.
3. Each of ___________ mountain climbers carried ___________ oxygen cylinder with him.
4. ___________ Mahabharata is ___________ epic.
5. ___________ apple ___________ day, keeps ___________ doctor away.
6. We are going to Kolkata by ___________ train.
7. ___________ French live in France.
8. ___________ silver and ___________ gold are found in Africa.
9. ___________ rich should help ___________ poor.
10. ___________ riches have wings.

D. Underline the correct form (with or without ‘the’) given in italics in the following sentences.

1. He is (intelligent/The intelligent) boy I was talking about.
2. (Cricket/The cricket) is an interesting game.
3. (Dinner/The dinner) is at 9 p.m.
4. (History/The history) fascinates me.
5. Have you seen (majestic/The majestic) Forts?
6. (Hindus/The Hindus) celebrate Diwali.
7. (Eldest/The eldest) daughter has started going to college.
8. There are millions of stars in the (universe/the universe.)
9. My son watches (television/the television) a lot.
10. Are all these pens (the same/same?)

E. In the following pairs, put a tick mark in the sentences which are grammatically acceptable.

1. Earth rotates on its axis. []
The Earth rotates on its axis. []
2. Rohit is the most intelligent boy in our class. []
Rohit is most intelligent boy in our class. []
3. Tuesday is a lucky day for me. []
The Tuesday is a lucky day for me. []
4. Rich are generally famous. []
The rich are generally famous. []
5. Did the Sharmas invite you? []
Did Sharmas invite you? []
6. It only happens in the Delhi. []
7. What does WHO do? []
What does the WHO do? []
8. We would like to live near the sea. []
We would like to live near sea. []

F. Put a tick mark in the correct alternative from the following pairs of sentences.

1. He is the eldest son of his parents. []
He is an eldest son of his parents. []
2. That is a eucalyptus tree. []
That is an eucalyptus tree. []
3. I reached school a hour late. []
I reached school an hour late. []
4. Is he a MBBS? []
Is he an MBBS? []
5. Is she a resident of UK? []
Is she a resident of the UK? []
6. I have an aunt who lives in America. []
I have a aunt who lives in America. []

G. Insert a slash (/) where ‘a, an’ or ‘the’ is missing and write the correct article in the space provided. Leave the blank where article is not required.

1. That is answer we are looking for. _____________
2. It took us long to photograph ‘Alps’. _____________
3. Where is Arabian Sea? _____________
4. The Hindus worship Ramayana. _____________
5. He is most educated amongst us. _____________
6. My father is engineer. _____________
7. I met American in the mall. _____________
8. I am first person to do it. _____________
9. Arbaaz offers prayers five times day. _____________
10. What lovely sight! _____________

H. In the following passage, there is an error in the use of articles. Write the incorrect word and later write the correct word in the space given below.

		Incorrect word	Correct word
A Chinese have decided to	a.	………………..	………………..
choose an national flower	b.	………………..	………………..
but they are divided on a choice.	c.	………………..	………………..
Some favour a pansy while	d.	………………..	………………..
others prefer an plum blossom. Since both flowers have their	E	………………..	………………..
admirers it’s going to be an close contest	f	………………..	………………..

The Rattrap Important Questions CBSE Class 12 English

Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks; 30-40 words)

Question.1. In what sense was the world a big rattrap according to the peddler? (Compartment 2014)
or
Why did the peddler think that the world was a rattrap? (All India 2009)
Answer. The peddler was a very poor man who earned his living by selling rattraps he made himself from the materials he got by begging. His mind, thus, was always preoccupied with rattraps. One day, he suddenly thought of the whole world was a big rattrap. He felt that the shelter, food, clothes, riches and joys that the world provided were all baits set to entrap man just as a rattrap offered cheese or meat to entrap rats. As soon as one was trapped, everything came to an end.

Question.2. Why did the peddler derive pleasure from his idea of the world as a rattrap?
(Delhi 2014; Modified)
Answer. The world had never been kind to the poor peddler. Wherever he went, he was greeted with sour faces and was turned or chased away. Therefore, he derived pleasure from thinking ill of the world in this way. Moreover, he perhaps envied those whose lot was better than his, and was rather amused to think that some day they too would be tempted by the bait and be caught in the Tattrap.

Question.3. Why did the peddler knock on the cottage by the roadside? How was he treated by the Owner Of the cottage? (Compartment 2014)
Answer. The peddler knocked on the cottage by the roadside to seek shelter for the night. The owner of the cottage was a crofter who lived there alone. He regarded the peddler as welcome company and treated him quite hospitably. He not only put him up for the night, but also offered him food and played cards with him.

Question.4. Why did Edla plead with her father not to sen’d the vagabond away?
(All India 2014; Modified)
or
Why did Edla still entertain the peddler even after she knew the truth about him? (NCERT)
Answer. Edla had always thought the peddler to be a poor, homeless tramp. Therefore, she didn’t feel cheated when his true identity was revealed. Instead, she felt very bad for him and his miserable condition, and pleaded on his behalf. She and her father had promised him Christmas cheer, and she felt that it would be wrong to send him away.

Question.5. What conclusion did the ironmaster reach when he heard that the crofter had been robbed by the peddler? (Compartment 2014)
Answer. It was at the church th$t the ironmaster and his daughter heard that the crofter had been robbed by a peddler, who, no doubt, was the one they had sheltered at the manor house. The ironmaster at once concluded that the peddler would probably have stolen all his silverware in their absence, and rdn away.

Question.6. What was the content of the letter written by the peddler to Edla? (Foreign 2014)
Answer. The peddler had written that since Edla had treated him like a captain, he wanted to be nice to her in return. He did not want her to be embarrassed at Christmas by a thief. He had requested that the crofter’s money that he had stolen be returned. He further wrote that the rattrap was a Christmas present from a rat who would have been caught in the world’s rattrap, if he had not been raised to the status of captain, which motivated him to reform himself.

Question.7. What were the contents of the package left by the peddler as Christmas gift for Edla Willmansson? (Compartment 2014)
Answer. The package left by the peddler as a Christmas gift for Edla Willmansson comprised a small rattrap with three wrinkled ten kronor notes in it, which the peddler had robbed from the crofter. It also contained a brief letter for Edla explaining the peddler’s conduct.

Question.8. Why did the peddler decline the invitation of the ironmaster? (Delhi 2012)
Answer.The ironmaster has mistaken the peddler for an old regimental comrade and invited him home. The peddler declined the invitation because he was carrying the money he had stolen from the crofter. He knew that if the ironmaster discovered his identity, he would hand him over to the police. Therefore, for him, going to the manor house was like walking into a lion’s den.

Question.9. Who was the owner of Ramsjo iron mills? Why did he visit the mills at night?
(All India 2012)
Answer.The owner of the Ramsjo iron mills was an ex-army man and an ambitious and prominent ironmaster. He was very particular about the quality of his products, and visited the mills even at night to make sure that good iron was shipped out from his mills.

Question.10.How did the ironmaster react on seeing the stranger lying close to the furnace?
(All India 2012)
Answer. When the ironmaster saw a stranger in rags lying close to the furnace, he went near him and removed his slouch hat to get a better view of his face. Due to dim light in the forge and the peddler’s dirty appearance, he mistook him to be Nils Olof, an old acquaintance of his regiment. He was delighted to see him and invited him home for Christmas.

Question.11.Why did the stranger not tell the ironmaster that he was not Nils Olof? (All India 2012)
Answer. The stranger did not tell the ironmaster that he was not Nils Olof because he thought that if the gentleman believed that he was an old friend or acquaintance of his, then he might take pity on him and help him with some money.

Question.12.Why was the crofter so talkative and friendly with the peddler? (Delhi 2012)
Answer. The old crofter was lonfly and leading a dreary existence as he had no wife or children. He was happy to get someone to talk to and share his thoughts with, even though it was a tramp. So he welcomed the peddler who was quite a patient listener, and extended his hospitality to him.

Question.13.Why was the peddler surprised when he knocked on the door of the cottage?
(All India 2011)
Answer. The peddler had never been treated kindly by the world. He was meted out cold treatment wherever he went. He was pleasantly surprised when the crofter greeted him with warmth and hospitality. Ordinarily, he always met ‘sour faces’ when he knocked for shelter and food, and was usually turned away.

Question.14.Why did the peddler keep to the woods after leaving the crofter’s cottage? How did
he feel?(All India 2011)
Answer. After stealing the money from the crofter’s, the peddler was cautious to. avoid the public, highway lest he be identified and caught. He got into the woods but finally realised that it was a big and confusing forest. The end of the forest was nowhere in sight and he felt lost. That’s when he recalled his thoughts about the world being a rattrap and he realised that he had indeed become a victim of a rattrap.

Question.15.What made the peddler finally change his ways? (All India 2010)
Answer. The peddler believed in giving back to the world what he received from it. He was always treated with contempt and hostility and so he never did anything good. However, Edla’s kind and caring behaviour finally changed him. She had treated him with love and respect befitting a captain, even after realising that he was a poor vagabond. The trust that Edla showed in him made him change his ways and he decided to live with dignity and respect.

Question.16.Why was Edla happy to see the gift left by the peddler? (All India 2010)
Answer. Edla felt very dejected when she came to know about the theft of the crofter’s money by the peddler, but the gift left behind, which consisted of a small rattrap and three wrinkled ten kronor notes, restored her faith in him. She felt happy because her trust in him had been justified. Her kindness had finally changed the peddler and brought out his essential goodness.

Question.17.”Edla sat and hung her head even more dejectedly than usual.” Which two reasons
forced her to behave in that manner? (Foreign 2010)
Answer. Edla had shown kindness to the peddler even after knowing that he was not a captain. This was.the reason why she felt all the more dejected when she came to know that the peddler whom she had sheltered was actually a thief, who had recently robbed a crofter. Secondly, she also felt bad because the peddler had disproved the faith which she had shown in him.

Question.18. Why did the peddler sign himself as Captain von Stahle? (All India 2009)
Answer. The peddler owed his transformation to the kind treatment meted out to him by Edla. In spite of knowing the truth about him, she had honoured and treated him like a captain. She had awakened the latent goodness in his heart. He wanted to repay Edla for her kindness. His signing himself as Captain von Stahle shows that he wanted to retain the dignity and respect accorded to him.

Long Answer Type Questions (6 Marks, 120-150 words)

Question.1. How did the peddler feel after robbing the crofter? What course did he adopt and
how did he react to the new situation? What does his reaction reveal? (Delhi 2013)
Answer. The crofter had treated the peddler with hospitality, and had even reposed his trust in the poor vagabond. Still the peddler robbed him and was quite pleased with his smartness. However, the fear of getting caught haunted him. So, he avoided the public highway and turned into the woods. It was a big and confusing forest, and due to the approaching darkness, the peddler lost his way. He got exhausted moving around the same place, and was filled with despair. He began to feel that the forest was like a big rattrap and the thirty kronor he had stolen were like a bait set to tempt him.
His reaction reveals that he was feeling guilty for having stolen the crofter’s money. His , heart was filled with remorse and self-loathing for his act of weakness. However, his thoughts are perhaps also a way of justifying his crime.

Question.2. The story, The Rattrap’ is both entertaining and philosophical. Do you agree with
this statement? Why/Why not? (Foreign 2011)
Answer. The story, ‘The Rattrap’ is indeed, both entertaining and philosophical. The fast-paced narrative in the third person, generous use of dialogue by the author and different characters belonging to different mindsets and locales make the story interesting and entertaining. Besides, the author has managed to keep up the suspense till the end.
The incidents in the forge, with the ironmaster coming at midnight, hold our attention. The peddler’s incessant refusals to the ironmaster to accompany him, but his accepting Edla’s invitation in one go, the ironmaster’s realisation of his mistake, and Edla’s sympathy and generosity, all make the story quite gripping. While all the above events make the story interesting, there is also an element of philosophy in the story.
Somewhere, the peddler’s theory of the world being a rattrap is true. One feels caught up like a rat in the entrappings of the world. Some people fall into this trap never to come out of it again. The story teaches us that, as human beings, we are not above temptations.

Question.3. The story focuses on human loneliness and the need to bond with others. Explain.
(Delhi 2010)
Answer. All. the characters in the story suffer from loneliness and are dreary souls. First of all, the tramp appears to lead a sad, monotonous existence, left to his own musings. He is always greeted by sour faces and cold words.
The old crofter’s fate has been somewhat kinder to him. Bereft of his wife and children, he lives all alone in a cottage by the roadside, and is rather happy to have visitors around.
We also have the ironmaster and his daughter, Edla, who have no company for Christmas. The ironmaster’s wife is dead and his sons are settled abroad.
He, with his daughter, are happy to play hosts for his friend. Thus, all of them have a strong desire for bonding and comradeship. The crofter is happy to be friends with the peddler, although only for a nig^it. It is the bonding with the ironmaster’s daughter that transforms the peddler. The love, understanding and dignity that he gets from the girl makes him leave his dishonest ways and redeem himself.

Question.4. Give examples from the story, The Rattrap’ to show how the ironmaster is different from his daughter. (Delhi 2009)
or
Compare and contrast the character of the ironmaster with that of his daughter.
(Delhi 2008)
Answer. The character of the ironmaster was very different from that of his daughter. He was an ambitious and arrogant man. When he saw the peddler, he mistook him for his old regimental comrade, and invited him home, but this was more out of his sense of pride than out of sympathy or generosity.
When the ironmaster realised that he had been mistaken, he called the peddler dishonest and threatened to call the Sheriff. When he learnt that the peddler was a thief, he was ‘ worried about his own silverware.
On the other hand, Edla, the ironmaster’s daughter, was a kind and compassionate lady who was really sympathetic and considerate towards the peddler right from the beginning. She treated him with respect and dignity even after knowing that he was not a captain. It was her generous attitude which finally changed the peddler, bringing out the essential goodness of his nature.

Important Questions for Class 12 English

Determiners are words that come before nouns. They contain several classes of words, including pronouns and adjectives. They determine or limit the noun by giving some additional information about it. Determiners show whether a noun refers to is a general or a specific object, person, or place. They indicate which or how many things the noun refers to. Determiners define or limit a noun to the singular or plural. They indicate the amount or quantity. Determiners and nouns together make noun phrases. They make noun phrases with adjectives too. Determiners may precede numerals too.

Looking for an easy way to learn English Grammar? then you are in right place. Here we providing basic English Grammar topics like Tenses Verbs, Nouns, etc…

Determiners Exercises With Answers for Class 11 CBSE Pdf

Determiners are the words that modify nouns. In other words, determiners are the words that can be used before nouns to determine or to modify their meaning. Determiners function like adjectives. They are also called fixing words. Characteristics of Determiners are as follows

• A determiner may determine or fix a place, person or thing.
• A determiner may identify two or more persons or things.
• A determiner may precede numerals or objects.
• A determiner may indicate a quantity or amount.

Classification of Determiners In English Grammar

Determiners can be classified into

1. Articles A, an, the.
2. Demonstrative Adjectives This, that, these, those.
3. Quantifiers A quantifier is a word or phrase which is used before a noun to indicate the amount or quantity.
   Types of quantifiers are as follows:
   • Definite : One, two, hundred,…, first, second, both etc.
   • Indefinite : Some, many, much, enough, few, a few, all, little, a little, several, most etc.
   • Distributive : Each, every, all, either, neither.
   • Difference : Another, other.
   • Comparative : More, less, fewer.
4. Possessives My, your, his, her, its, our, their, mine, hers, yours, ours, theirs etc.

1. Articles— A, An, The
Articles are used before nouns. ‘A’ is used before a noun starting with a consonant sound and ‘An’ is used before a noun starting with a vowel sound. ‘The’ is used before singular countable nouns, plural countable nouns and uncountable nouns.

Use of Indefinite Articles : A/An
‘A’ is used before a noun beginning with a consonant sound, e.g. a woman, a horse, a university
(Here woman, horse and university are words beginning with a consonant sound.)
‘An’ is used before a noun beginning with a vowel sound, e.g. an orange, an egg, an elephant, an hour
(Here orange, egg, elephant and hour are words beginning with a vowel sound.)

How to Use A and ‘An’
The use of ‘a’ and ‘an’ is determined by sound. The following words begin with a vowel, but not with a vowel sound. A unique thing, a one rupee coin, a European, a unicorn, a university, a useful thing, a union.

So here ‘a’ is used.

On the other hand, with the following words, ‘an’ is used although they begin with a consonant.

An hour, an honest man, an heir to the throne, an MCA. Here, the sound is the criterion to decide whether a/an will be used.

Use of Definite Article : The
‘The’ is used before singular countable nouns, plural countable nouns and uncountable nouns. Uncountable nouns do not have plural forms, e.g. we cannot say ‘sugars’, we will say ‘the sugar’.

‘The’ is used

1. While talking about a particular person or thing or one already referred to (that is, when it is clear from the context which one we mean), e.g. The book you want is not available.
2. When a singular noun represents the whole class, e.g. The dog is a faithful animal.
3. Before some proper names that denote physical features.
   • Oceans and seas e.g. the Pacific, the Arabian Sea
   • Rivers e.g. the Ganga, the Thames
   • he Suez Canal
   • Deserts e.g. the Thar, the Sahara
   • Group of islands e.g. the West Indies, the Netherlands
   • Mountain ranges e.g. the Himalayas, the Satpura
   • A few names of countries, which include words like states, Republic or Kingdom
     e.g. The People’s Republic of China, the United Kingdom, the USA, the Republic of Korea, the Hague etc
4. Before the names of religious, mythological
   e.g. the Vedas, the Puranas, the Mahabharata
   (but we say Homer’s Iliad, Valmiki’s Ramayana).
5. Before the names of things which are unique or one of their kind.
   e.g. the Sun, the Moon, the Pacific Ocean
6. Before a proper noun, when it is qualified by an adjective or a defining adjectival clause.
   e.g. The Great Caesar, the King of Rome.
   The Mr Verma whom you met last night is my boss.
7. With superlative degrees.
   e.g. This is the worst performance I have ever seen.
8. With ordinals.
   e.g. He was the first man to walk on the Moon.
9. Before musical instruments.
   e.g. He can play the tabla rhythmically.
10. Before an adjective when the noun is understood,
    e.g. The rich always exploit the poor. Here the word ‘people’ is understood.
11. As an adverb with comparatives.
    e.g. The more money we have, the more we want.

Omission of Article ‘The’

• Before material, abstract and proper nouns used in a general sense. e.g.
  (a) Honesty is the best policy, (not The honesty….)
  (b) Sugar tastes sweet, (not The sugar….)
  (c) Paris is the capital of France, (not The Paris….)
• Before plural countable nouns used in a general sense. e.g. Children like toys.
• Before names of people e.g. Rohit.
• Before names of continents, countries; cities etc e.g. Europe, Pakistan, Nagpur.
• Before names of individual mountains e.g. Mount Everest.
• Before names of meals used in a general sense, e.g. Dinner is ready.
• Before languages and words like school, college, university, church, hospital. e.g.
  (a) I learn English at school.
  (b) My uncle is still in hospital.
• Before names of relations, like father, mother etc. e.g. Father is still not at home.
• In certain phrases consisting of preposition followed by its object.
  e.g. At home, in hand, by night, in case, on foot, by train, on demand etc.

2. Demonstrative Adjectives

This, that, these and those are used before nouns and point to the objects denoted by the nouns; as—
This car is very beautiful.
Aditi lives in that house.
These books are yours.
Distribute these mangoes among those children.
(i) ‘This’ and ‘These’ point to the objects which are near while ‘that’ and ‘those’ point to the ‘distant’ objects.
(ii)  ‘This’, and ‘that’ are used before singular nouns while ‘these’ and ‘those’ are used before plural nouns.

Check Point 1

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks with ‘a’ ‘an’ or ‘the’:

1. ………… auditorium has been built in our school.
2. Honesty is ……………….. best policy.
3. The Ganges is ……………….. holy river.
4. Hari is ………………… honourable man.
5. I saw ……….. one-eyed sailor.
6.  …………. sun is bigger than ……………….. earth.
7. ………..umbrella is ………………. useful thing.
8. This is ……………….. first time I have visited ……………….. big city.
9. This car can be driven at ……………….. speed of 180 kilometres ……………….. hour.
10. Mount Everest is ……………….. highest peak in ……………….. Himalayas.

Answer:

1. An
2. the
3. a
4. an
5. a
6. The, the
7. An, a
8. the, a
9. the, an
10. the, the

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks with suitable Demonstrative/Possessive Determiners—this, that, these, those, my, our, your, his, her, their, one’s:

1. He is a good boy ………… father is a doctor.
2. Aditi wants me to lend her ………….. car.
3. All ………….. mangoes are rotten.
4. The child has broken ………….. toy.
5. Would you like to have ………… book or ………….. one?
6. Are there any girls in ………….. class?
7. What was ………….. noise?
8. The gardener waters ………….. plants every day.
9.   ………….. boys will soon join us.
10. Who is ………….. fellow?

Answers:

1. His
2. my
3. these
4. his
5. this, that
6. your
7. that
8. these
9. Those
10. that

3. Quantifiers
‘Some’, ‘many’, ‘a lot of’ and ‘a few’ are examples of quantifiers. Quantifiers can be used in affirmative sentences, questions, requests or commands with both countable and uncountable nouns. e.g.

• There are some books on the desk.
• He’s got only a few dollars.
• How much money have you got?
• There is a large quantity of fish in this river.
• He’s got more friends than his sister.

Some quantifiers can go only with countable nouns (e.g. friends, people, cups), some can go only with uncountable nouns (e.g. sugar, tea, money, advice), while some can be used with both countable and uncountable nouns.

Examples of quantifiers are given below

Only with Uncountable Nouns	With both Countable and Uncountable Nouns	Only with Countable Nouns
a little	no, none, not any	a few
a bit of	some, all	a number of
—	any	several
a great deal of	a lot of, lots of	a great number of
a large amount of	plenty of	a large number of

Usage of quantifiers are as follows

I. Use of few/a few and little/a little
(a) Few and a few.
Few emphasises the lack of something,
e.g.
There are few sweets left in the jar.
(We should be careful not to eat them too quickly because they are almost finished.)

A few emphasises that something still remains,
e.g.
We still have a few minutes left before the class gets over. Do you have any questions?
(We still have some time, so we should use it.)

(b) Little and a little
Little emphasises the lack of something,
e.g.
We have little money right now; we should go out for dinner another day.
(We should be careful and use the money wisely because we don’t have much.)

A little emphasises that something still remains, e.g.
e.g.
There’s a little ice-cream left; who will eat it?
(There’s not enough ice-cream left to put back in the freezer, so it should be eaten.)

II. Use of much and many
(a) We use much with singular uncountable nouns and many with plural nouns.

• I haven’t got much change; I’ve only got a hundred rupee note.
• Are there many campsites near your place?

(b) We usually use much and many with interrogative sentences and negative sentences.

• Is there much unemployment in that area?
• How many eggs have not been used in this cake?
• Do you think many people will come?
• The rain was pouring down in torrents but there wasn’t much wind.

III. Use of more, less and fewer (comparative determiners)
We use more or less before singular uncountable nouns by adding than after it, or for an additional or lesser quantity of something, e.g.

• I do more work than Suresh.
• Please give me some more salad.
• Satish does less work than me.
• I want less salad than Mahesh.

We use fewer before plural countable nouns to refer to a group of things smaller than another. e.g.

• Fewer students succeeded in passing than last year.
• We had fewer computers a year ago.
• of each and every (distributive determiners)

We use each for two or more than two items and every for more than two items. Both of these are followed by singular countable nouns and singular verbs,  e.g.

• Each of the two boys has won a prize.
• Every student in the school is present today.

We use each when the number in the group is limited or definite, but every is used when the number is indefinite or unknown.
e.g.

• Each student in my class was promoted.
• Every person in the world has a parent.

V. Use of most, several and all
(a) We usually use most with plural uncountable nouns, e.g.

• Most of the people can be trusted.
• Most of the time I am not at home.

(b) We usually use several with plural nouns, but it refers to a number which is not very large, (i.e. less than most)

• Several people were crushed by the stampede.
• Several people lost their lives in the Tsunami.

(c) All requires a plural verb when used with a countable noun, but requires a singular verb with an uncountable noun, e.g.

• All are going to Delhi.
• All that glitters is not gold.

VI. Use of another and other
We use another only with singular countable nouns, whereas others can be used with singular countable, plural countable or uncountable nouns. e.g.

• Bring me another knife, as this one is blunt.
• I would prefer the other house.
• The other students went back home.
• He is a better human being than most others.

VII. Use of either and neither
(a) We use either to refer to two things, people, situations etc. It may mean one or the other of two or each of the two. e.g.

• I don’t agree with either Ram or Shyam.

(b) We use neither with only singular countable nouns and a singular verb. Neither is the negative of either, e.g.

• Neither of the two boys passed the exam.

4. Possessives
(My, Your, His, Her, Its, Our, Their, etc.)
Possessive determiners or possessive adjectives tell us who owns something. We use a possessive determiner before a noun to show who owns the noun we are talking about. They come in front of any other adjectives, e.g.

• This is your book.
• That is our beautiful house.

We use different possessive determiners depending on who owns the thing we are talking about.

Subject	Possessive Determiner	Used with Type of Noun
I	my	first-person singular
We	our	first-person plural
You	your	second-person singular/plural
They	their	third-person plural
He	his	third-person singular masculine
She	her	third-person singular feminine
It	its	third-person singular neuter

My, her, his, and its are used with singular nouns, while ours and they are used with plural nouns. You can be used with either singular or plural nouns, depending on the sense, e.g.

• This is my book.
• The dog licked its paw.
• Which is their car?
• All three of you, have you done your homework?

Determiners and Kinds of Nouns With Which They are Used

• A, an, each, everyone, another, and either are used with singular countable nouns.
• This and that are used with uncountable nouns/singular countable nouns.
• These and those are used with uncountable nouns/plural countable nouns.
• A little, a lot of, a great deal of, much are used with uncountable nouns.
• More, most, a lot of, enough, adequate, some are used with uncountable nouns/plural countable nouns.
• A few, several, many, both are used with plural nouns.
• The, some, any, my, her, your, our, their, its, which, whose, what are used with any type of noun.

Check Point 2
1. Fill in the blanks using suitable quantifiers.
(a) Class XI students have had ……….. of homework in mathematics recently.
(b) How ……….. time do you need to finish the work?
(c) There are too ……….. students in the library.
(d) Have you visited ……….. foreign countries recently?
(e) Although he’s very ill, he didn’t take ……….. medicine.
Answer:
(a) lots
(b) much
(C) many
(d) any
(e) any

2. Fill in the blanks with quantifiers from the options given. Hints are given in brackets to guide you.
(i) There’s hard……….. sunlight in London in the winter. (I expect you will say ‘yes’, because Lodon is too much cold.)
(a) some
(b) any
(c) many
(d) few
Answer:
(b) any

(ii) Could you give me ……….. your time and your money?
(A request -1 expect you will say ‘yes’.)
(a) each
(b) little
(c) enough
(d) both
Answer:
(d) both

(iii) Did you buy ……….. butter? (I expect you will say ‘yes’, because we talked about it before.)
(a) some
(b) any
(c) little
(d) less
Answer:
(a) some

3. Replace the personal pronouns (in brackets) with possessive determiners from the options given in brackets after the blanks.
(a) Sunita likes (she) ……….. (her / its / my / his) dog.
(b) She goes to college with (she) ……….. (their / our /her / his) brother.
(c) (It) ……….. (Your / Our / Her / Its) name is Tommy.
(d) (He) ……….. (His / Her / Our / Its) favourite hobby is collecting matchbox labels.
(e) (I) ……….. (Your / My / His / Her) husband and I want to go to Mumbai.
(f) Where is (I) ……….. (their / its / my / our) school bag?
(g) We want to see (ii) ……….. (their / these / her / our) historical monuments.
(h) (You) ……….. (My / Your / His / Her) laptop is very expensive.
(i) Here is (we) ……….. (our / their / your / his) professor.
(j) (They) ……….. (Its / Their / Her / His) father works in the government.
Answer:
(a) her
(b) her
(c) Its
(d) His
(e) My
(f) my
(g) its
(h) Your
(i) our
(j) Their

Error Correction

Detect the error or determiners in the sentences given below and correct them:

1. I am going to post office. It is near the central park.
2. She lives near temple on Civil Road.
3. He is a boy who helps me in need.
4. There is little milk in the jug. You may use it.
5. Much of the people who went there lost their belongings.
6. Avoid eating too many butter.
7. Sarojini wrote much of her poems when she was young.
8. Their all efforts went up in smoke.
9. All of the playground was waterlogged.
10. Neither of us did not knew the answer.
11. Almost all her time is spent on buying clothes and cosmetics.
12. All person have to shape his own destiny.
13. Don’t pay some attention to what that silly hag says.
14. Everyone takes little time to settle down at a new place.
15. I phoned her many times but each time there were no answers.

Answers:

1. I am going to the post office. It is near the central park.
2. She lives near the temple on Civil Road.
3. He is the boy who helps me in need
4. There is a little/(some) milk in the jug. You may use it.
5. Much of the people who went there lost their belongings.
6. Avoid eating too much butter.
7. Sarojini wrote many of her poems when she was young.
8. All of their efforts went up in smoke.
9. The whole of the playground was waterlogged.
10. Neither of us knew the answer.
11. Almost all of her time is spent on buying clothes and cosmetics.
12. Every person has to shape his own destiny.
13. Don’t pay any attention to what that silly hag says.
14. Everyone takes a little time to settle down at a new place.
15. I phoned her many times but every time there was no answer.

Editing Tasks
The following passage has not been edited. There is an error in each line against which blanks are given. Write the incorrect word and the correction in the spaces provided. Remember to underline the word that you have supplied.

Editing Task for 11th Class CBSE 1

	Incorrect	Correct
(a) Much people wonder	………………………	………………………
(b) why a food processing and	………………………	………………………
(c) packaging industry adds so many	………………………	………………………
(d) extra sugar, salt or oil to their offerings.	………………………	………………………
(e) The simple answer is that a food which is processed and packaged	………………………	………………………
(f) has little or none taste left in it.	………………………	………………………
(g) Without an extra sugar, salt and oil, packaged food would be tasteless.	………………………	………………………
(h) So, it becomes the necessary evil.	………………………	………………………

Answer:
(a) Much – Many
(b) a – the
(c) many – much
(d) their – its
(e) a – the
(f) none – no
(g) an – the
(h) the – a

Editing Task for 11th Class CBSE 2

	Incorrect	Correct
(a) It’s an wet Sunday afternoon.	………………………	………………………
(b) A pitter-patter of tiny droplets	………………………	………………………
(c) has turned into the downpour.	………………………	………………………
(d) I’m in bed listening to a rhythm of falling rain. It’s the perfect	………………………	………………………
(e) day to curl up with the book.	………………………	………………………
(f) I reach out for its copy of Jhumpa Lahiri’s ‘The Lowland’.	………………………	………………………

Answer:
Incorrect – Correct
(a) an a – a
(b) A The – The
(c) the a – a
(d) a the – the
(e) the a – a
(f) its – my

Reordering of Sentences

Look at the following sentences given in a disorderly form. Reorder (Rearrange) them to form meaningful sentences.

1. each/last/it/week/rained/day.
2. city/a few/have/this/in/I/friends
3. mangoes/ripe/all/are/these
4. write/she/with/can/hand/either
5. stock/sugar/there is/the/in/much ..
6. sisters/the/to marry/refused/both
7. there/news/is/any?
8. milk/jug/some/the/in/is/there
9. do/money/want/much/you/how?
10. class/boys/your/in/many/are there/how?

Answer:

1. It rained each day last week.
2. I have a few Mends in this city.
3. All these mangoes are ripe.
4. She can write with either hand.
5. There is much sugar in the stock.
6. Both the sisters refused to marry.
7. Is there any news?
8. There is some milk in the jug.
9. How much money do you want?
10. How many boys are there in your class?

Transformation of Sentences

Select the option which transforms the given sentence without changing its meaning.

1. Lead is the heaviest of all metals.
(a) Lead is heavier than other metals.
(b) Lead is heaviest all than other metals.
(c) Lead is heaviest than all other metals.
(d) Lead is heavy than all other metals.
Answer:
(c) Lead is heaviest than all other metals.

2. Who can count the stars?
(a) Can one count the stars?
(b) None can count the stars.
(c) Someone can count the stars.
(d) Anyone can count the stars.
Answer:
(b) None can count the stars.

3. Delhi is one of the biggest Indian cities.
(a) Delhi is biggest than most other Indian cities.
(b) Delhi is bigger than any other Indian cities.
(c) Delhi is big than most other Indian cities.
(d) Delhi is bigger than most other Indian cities.
Answer:
(d) Delhi is bigger than most other Indian cities.

4. Was Bhuvnesh a coward?
(a) Wasn’t Bhuvnesh a coward?
(b) Bhuvnesh was no coward.
(c) Bhuvnesh is not coward.
(d) Bhuvnesh was coward.
Answer:
(b) Bhuvnesh was no coward,

5. Only Mukesh was present in the hall.
(a) None but Mukesh is present in the hall.
(b) None but Mukesh presents at the hall.
(c) None but Mukesh was present at the hall.
(d) Only Mukesh was present.
Answer:
(c) None but Mukesh was present at the hail.

Transformation of sentences means to change the form of a sentence without changing its meaning. A simple sentence can be changed into a complex or a compound sentence and vice versa. Similarly, an interchange of affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentences can be done; without changing their meaning. Given below are some of the ways to transform a sentence.

Looking for an easy way to Learning of new elementary english grammar and composition for class 8 answers, Solutions. You have to learn basic English Grammer topics like Tenses Verbs, Nouns, etc… In this article, we will review the best English Grammer Topics and compare them against each other.

Sentence Transformation Exercises for Class 8 CBSE With Answers Pdf

It is possible to transform one type of sentence to another type without changing the meaning of the sentence.
This process is known as transformation of sentences. A declarative sentence can be changed to the interrogative and vice versa. No one knows when the train will arrive in Delhi. (declarative)
Does no one knows when the train will arrive in Delhi. (interrogative)
Is this the kind of dress to wear to school? (interrogative)
This is not the kind of dress one should wear to school. (declarative)
An exclamatory sentence can be changed to the declarative.
How peacefully the infant lies in its cot! (exclamatory)
The infant lies peacefully in its cot. (declarative)
How can I ever forget those happy days! (exclamatory)
I can never forget those happy days. (declarative)

Although an exclamatory sentence can be transformed into a declarative sentence, in many occasions the ex clamatory sentence is preferred for the emotional effect that it imparts.

Transforming Affirmative Sentences to Negative
It is possible to transform affirmative sentences to negative sentences and vice-versa, without changing their meaning

• By replacing certain words and expressions with their antonyms

Affirmative
All the students like the new teacher.
This medicine is expensive.

• By changing the degree of comparison.

Negative
None of the students dislike the new teacher.
This medicine is not cheap / inexpensive.

Affirmative
Iron is more durable than wood.
Aamir is the tallest boy in the class.

Negative
Wood is not as durable as iron.
No other boy in the class is as tall as Aamir.

• By replacing too (adjective) ‘to’ infinitive with so (adjective) that … can not I could not I would net.

Affirmative
It is too hot to play outside.
The man was too proud to beg.

Negative
It is so hot that we cannot play outside.
The man was so proud that he would not beg.

• By replacing as soon as I hardly had … when with no sooner than.

Affirmative
As soon as I reached the station the train arrived.

Negative
No sooner did I reach the station than the train arrived.

Sentence Transformation Practice Exercises for Class 8 CBSE

A.  Transform the following declarative sentences to the interrogative and the exclamatory. The first one has been done as an example.

1. He has a lot of work to do.
Interrogative: Does he have a lot of work to do?
Exclamatory: What a lot of work he has to do!

2. Too many people in Delhi own cars.

3. This sort of behavior is unacceptable.

4. It was a cold and stormy night.

5. We enjoyed ourselves at the party.

6. Jatin is a disappointment to his family.

7. Childhood days are absolute without care.

8. We can work much harder.

9. Health is more precious than wealth.

10. your mother has a lovely smile.

B. Transform the following sentence removing ‘too’.

1. Om was getting too old to write to her.
_______________________________________
2. She was too happy to care.
_______________________________________
3. Raw mango is too sour.
_______________________________________
4. The saree is too long to not fit anyone.
_______________________________________
5. The teacher was knowledgeable and interesting too.
_______________________________________

C. Change the interrogative sentence to assertive and vice versa.

1. How did she hide from Ritika?
_______________________________________
2. Would he answer me?
_______________________________________
3. Many of these millions have succeeded.
_______________________________________
4. She went to the kitchen.
_______________________________________
5. Maggu’s achievements are particularly noteworthy.
_______________________________________

D. Change the exclamatory sentence to assertive and vice versa.

1. Some are afraid to make friends.
_______________________________________
2. He was pleased with the results.
_______________________________________
3. What a piece of art it is!
_______________________________________
4. If only I were young again!
_______________________________________
5. How tall you have grown!
_______________________________________

E. Change the Imperative sentence to Assertive and vice versa.

1. Don’t lose your calm if your friends’ opinions differ from yours.
_______________________________________
2. Tell your friends what you like about them.
_______________________________________
3. Never put money and important documents in your checked-in luggage.
_______________________________________
4. May the star never set.
_______________________________________
5. Allow your friends to be themselves.
_______________________________________

F. Add the correct ending punctuation. Then write whether the sentence is declarative, imperative, interrogative, or exclamatory.

1.  ____________ Put a summary of your topic on my desk tomorrow morning ____________
2. ____________ In 1955, a riot broke out at an Elvis Presley concert in Jacksonville, Florida ____________
3.  ____________ Your perfume stinks ____________
4. ____________ Go hang up your blouse in the closet ____________
5. ___________ That’s my favorite song ____________
6. ___________ Bill insisted his comments were taken out of context ____________
7. ____________ He’s so dishonest ____________
8. ___________ Put the coleslaw on the table next to the potatoes ____________
9. ___________ Why is the vulture circling around the rabbit ____________
10. ____________ Who took this aerial shot of the White House ____________