Category: CBSE

In the passages given below, one word has been omitted in each line. Write the word in your answer sheet along with the word that comes before and the word that comes after it, against each line number.

In the following passage, one word has been omitted in each line. Write the missing word along with the word that comes before and the word that comes after it in your answer sheet against the blanks given. The word that forms your answer should be underlined. The first one has been done for you.

Basic English Grammar rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more.

Omission Exercises for Class 7 CBSE With Answers PDF

Omission Exercises For Class 7 With Answers

Omitting is a stage of the writing process in which a writer fails to include or mention preposition, article, conjunctions, tenses, pronouns, modal verbs, etc. (PPACTS) In other words, Omitting is defined as left out or left undone.

Haridwar / one such place where everyone	a.	Is
likes to visit. It is situated / the bank of river	b.	on
Ganga. On special occasions lakhs / devout	c.	of
pilgrims gather here to take / ritual bath in	d.	the
the holy Ganga. / Kumbh Mela is such	e.	the
grandest occasion. It occurs / every twelve years.	f.	ofter

Omission Exercises For Class 7 CBSE

Read the following passages. There is one word missing in each line where a slash (/) has been marked. Write the correct word in the space provided.

Omission Exercises For Class 7 CBSE – 1

The giraffe is the tallest of all living land /.	a.	………………………..
A male can tower up to eighteen feet / a female	b.	………………………..
up to fifteen feet. Giraffes eat a variety / foliage.	c.	………………………..
/ summer, when trees are in full leaf, they need	d.	………………………..
only fifty percent. When walking, / head and neck	e.	………………………..
move forward and backward. It / gallop at 50 km. per hour quite rhythmically.	f.	………………………..

Omission Exercises For Class 7 CBSE – 2

Raksha Bandhan falls / Shravan Purnima.	a.	………………………..
On this day, / accepts a Raksha Sutra	b.	………………………..
is protected / evil. Tying a rakhi re – inforces	c.	………………………..
a bond that ensures the brother / protect and	d.	………………………..
see to the welfare of his sister / ensure that no	e.	………………………..
harm comes to her. In turn, sister prays / the well	f.	………………………..
being of / brother.	g.	………………………..

Omission Exercises For Class 7 CBSE – 3

I remember my uncle’s house /1 went	a.	………………………..
every winter. It only / a living room and	b.	………………………..
two bedrooms. It / had a large garden. There	c.	………………………..
were / of trees and it was very peaceful. He also	d.	………………………..
had a black dog, Brownie. I really loved / play with	e.	………………………..
Brownie. I / planning to go again with my family	f.	………………………..
/winter.	g.	………………………..

Omission Exercises For Class 7 CBSE – 4

We have a new school principal /	a.	………………………..
Mrs. Mehta. She / very interested in	b.	………………………..
sports and other activities. She / suggested	c.	………………………..
various things that we could have / in the	d.	………………………..
school. She is going to invite / famous	e.	………………………..
sportsmen to encourage the students. / feel	f.	………………………..
honoured to have such / nice principal.	g.

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Dialogue Writing for Class 7 Format, Examples, Topics, Exercises PDF

Fundamentals:

• A dialogue is a conversation between two or more people.
• It is a literary technique in which writers employ two or more characters to be engaged in a conversation with each other.
• It forms the basis for any literary work and makes it enjoyable and lively.
• A dialogue enables an exchange of ideas or opinions and empowers the speaker and the listener.
• It facilitates in the resolution of issues and breaks the ice between unfamiliar people.
• It allows for a powerful expression of feelings and adds humor.
• While writing a dialogue, one must always use appropriate language and short and simple sentences.
• There must be continuity in the ideas of the dialogue and the right punctuation should be used to express the mood and tone of the dialogue.
• Also, a dialogue should suit the character of the speaker.

Dialogue Writing Exercises for Class 7 Cbse With Answers Pdf

Format of a Dialogue
A dialogue does not have any distinct format. However, some rules need to be followed to avoid confusion while pairing a statement with its speaker.

When the names of speakers are not mentioned, the dialogues should be written within quotation marks.
Examples:

• “I have an appointment today.”
• “What time is it?”

In such cases, attributions like ‘he said’, ‘she replied’ etc. should also be included.
Examples:

• “I do not trust that man,” he said.

An attribution, when used at the beginning of a sentence, should always be followed by a comma (,).
Examples:

• She said, “This is the clue we were looking for.”

When names of the speakers are included, they should be followed by a colon mark (:).
Examples:

• Rita: How may I help you?
• Mr Rao: Could you tell me the way to the boardroom?

Every time the speaker changes, a new line should be used.
Examples:

• Mother: What time will you be back?
• Sarika: The class will get over by 4, so I should be home by 4.30 pm.
• Mother: I may not be home when you come, but I will make some snacks for you before leaving.

Dialogue Writing Samples for Class 7 – 1

A dialogue between a store attendant and a girl discussing about buying a creative gift.
Store Attendant: Hello! How may I help you?
Sakshi: Hi, I was looking for a present for my friend. Could you help me select one?
Store Attendant: Yes, of course! What exactly are you looking for?
Sakshi: Well, my friend is a very creative person, so I would like to give her something she could work on.
Store Attendant: Does your friend like ornaments?
Sakshi: Yes, she does. But she prefers to make her own ornaments.
Store Attendant: Well then, I have just the gift you are looking for.
Sakshi: What is it?
Store Attendant: This is an ornament-making set. It contains a colourful range of strings, beads and stones. It also contains hooks and chains. Your friend will love it.
Sakshi: This looks attractive. How much does it cost?
Store Attendant: Only Rs 299. If you’d like, I can show you some handmade card which you could couple with this?
Sakshi: That will not be necessary. I already bought a card. Kindly gift wrap this for me.

Dialogue Writing Samples for Class 7 – 2

A dialogue between two friends who have met after several years.
Divya: Hi Smitha, what a pleasant surprise!
I am so glad to see you after so many years.
Smitha: Me too, Divya. It feels like ages! How are you? And what are you doing here?
Divya: I am good. I got married three years ago, and I live here with my husband and son.
Smitha: That’s great news. I too moved back with my husband from Pune six months ago.
Divya: So, where do you live?
Smitha: I live in Khar.
Divya: We live very close. We should meet sometime.
Smitha: Yes, we should. How about this weekend?
Divya: Sounds great. You should bring your husband along.
Smitha: I sure will.
Divya: I’m sorry, I have to rush now. I have to pick up my son from school.
Smitha: I understand. Duties come first.
Divya: Well then, see you on Saturday!
Smitha: Good bye.

Dialogue Writing Exercise for Class 7 CBSE

1. Complete a dialogue between a doctor and his patient on the following rules.
Doctor: Hello Karan, what brings you here today?
Karan: I need a letter from you stating that I am healthy enough to work on a ship. Doctor: We will have to do some tests for that. Till when do you need it?
Karan: I have to submit it tomorrow.
Doctor: a. ______________________
Karan: You are my family doctor, you know me since my childhood.
Doctor: b. ______________________
Karan: You know I am a healthy person. What is the need for all the tests? It is just a letter right? You can give it to me right away.
Doctor: c. ______________________
Karan: What is the harm in it, doctor? Everyone does it.
Doctor: There are people who take shortcuts in life, Karan. But let me warn you that such shortcuts pose a threat to your life and well being in general. If you don’t take the tests, d ______________________ You may go on the ship with a fake medical certificate, but if you fall ill on the ship, who will suffer? There are things and lifestyles one’s body cannot adjust to.
So, rules are set for your own safety, Karan, e ______________________
Karan: You have a point, doctor, f. ______________________
Doctor: You’re welcome, Karan, g ______________________ Good evening

2. Complete the dialogue between Raman and Rajesh about Jyoti’s surprise birthday party.
Raman: You look happy today! a. ______________________
Rajesh: It’s my younger sister Jyoti’s birthday tomorrow.
Raman: Really? That’s lovely. But why are you smiling so much right now?
Rajesh: I was just thinking about the plans we have made for her.
Raman: What have you planned?
Rajesh: We have decided not to wish her the entire day.
Raman: b. ______________________
Rajesh: c. Hold your horses, Raman. Let me finish first.
Raman: d. ______________________
Rajesh: Right, we will go on with the facade till evening. When she returns from her tuitions, she will be surprised to find her family and friends waiting to celebrate her birthday. That reminds me, you too have to be there. Be sure to reach by 7 PM.
Raman: e. ______________________
Rajesh: You always think about food! Don’t worry; there will be several delicacies, both vegetarian and non – vegetarian. You will not go hungry. Apart from the extravagant dinner, we will be having cakes, ice creams, cold drinks, chips and sweets.
Raman: f. ______________________

A gap-fill test is an exercise in which words are removed from a text and replaced with spaces. The learner has to fill each space with the missing word or a suitable word. It may be a verb, determiner, preposition, conjunction or any other part of speech.

Gap Filling Exercises for Class 6 CBSE With Answers Pdf

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Gap Filling Paragraph Exercises With Answers for Class 6 CBSE

1. Read the passage and fill the gaps with suitable words.
The angry king ordered his guards to put a) his minister b) in prison. The minister had argued with the king on some law and order issue.

One day, the emperor made a visit to the prison. The minister c) was lost in his own world.

The king told him, “I will release you on one condition. You need to bring d) me a horse that is neither white, e) nor black, f) nor brown, nor grey.”

The minister was astonished g) at this demand. However, he agreed to h) this condition.

A week later, the minister came to the palace. “Have you found i) the horse?”, the king asked. “Yes, my Lord,” the minister replied. “But I will show j) him to you only on an auspicious day.” The king agreed. “Let me know the next auspicious day.”

The minister replied, “I k) will show you the horse l) on any day, other than Sunday,

Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday or Saturday.”

The king burst out laughing. He was outsmarted m) by his minister.

The minister was released and promoted n) to the next higher position.

Gap Filling Paragraph Practice Exercises for Class 6 CBSE – 1

Read the text about a holiday in London, Think of ONE word that best fits in each space.

A Holiday in London

My friend and I had a great holiday in London. We arrived at (1) _____________ airport late (2) _____________ Sunday evening, and we decided to take a taxi, even (3) _____________ it was very expensive. The taxi took us to our hotel, (4) _____________ was very nice, although the rooms were quite small. The next day we woke up early and (5) _____________ an enormous breakfast. I don’t know how people can eat (6) _____________ much in the morning! But it was good (7) _____________ us because eating out in London is expensive, and with (8) a big breakfast we didn’t need to have lunch.

After breakfast we went to (9) _____________ art gallery. I can’t remember the name, but it was (10) _____________ of famous paintings and (11) _____________ my friend and I really enjoyed it.

(12) _____________ the afternoon we went (13) _____________ boat down the river to Greenwich. I didn’t realise there was so (14) to see in Greenwich! As well (15) _____________ the Maritime Museum and the Observatory, (16) _____________ is a beautiful park. From the top of the hill you get a view of the (17) _____________ of London. We must (18) _____________ walked around the park for at (19) _____________ two hours because it was getting dark (20) _____________ we left.

Gap Filling Paragraph Practice Exercises for Class 6 CBSE – 2

Read the text about directions. Think of ONE word that best fits in each space.

Directions to My House

Here are the directions for how to (1) _____________ to my house – print out this email and bring it with you. It’s not difficult to find, as you’re coming (2) _____________ train. Come out of (3) _____________ station and turn right. You’ll see (4) _____________ bank at (5) _____________ corner. Carry on down the road (6) _____________ you come to a church called St. Paul’s. You can’t (7) _____________ it – it’s one of the biggest churches in Brighton and (8) _____________ knows it. Just after the church, turn left. Be careful – it’s (9) _____________ very small street and people often go past (10) _____________ noticing it.

You’ll see my house at the end of the street – it’s got (11) _____________ red door. Try and get here in time (12) _____________ lunch. You can (13) _____________ me a call on your mobile if you get lost. I’ll (14) _____________ waiting for you!

After lunch there’s a couple of things we can do. (15) _____________ we can look around Brighton, or we can go for a walk in the country. We don’t need to decide (16) _____________ we’ll just see how we’re feeling (17) _____________ the time. It’s great that you’re coming down to stay for a (18) _____________ days. I’m really (19) _____________ forward to it. Give my best (20) _____________ to your mother.

Gap Filling Paragraph Practice Exercises for Class 6 CBSE – 3

Read the notice given below. Now taking information from the notice, complete the paragraph that follows. Do not add any new information.

Wanted Hockey Players 03 August 20xx The school plans to form a senior hockey team. Boys from classes X to XII who are interested should be physically fit and report for trials : On : 15 August 20xx At: 2 p. m. sharp Place: Play ground Age : 16 to 18 years Manish Seth (Sports Captain)

The school is planning to form a senior hockey team. Boys who are interested and in the age group of (a) _____________ should reach (b) _____________ on the 15th of August. They should report (c) _____________ Please come for the trials only if you belong to (d) _____________.

Gap Filling Paragraph Practice Exercises for Class 6 CBSE – 4

Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with one suitable word only.

Radhika was (a) _____________ nice girl. But she was sad (b) _____________ lonely. She was too shy to play with (c) _____________ girls. The other girls laughed and played every day in the garden, (d) _____________ also wanted Radhika to play with them. But Radhika (e) _____________ not play. She remained (f) _____________ home with her mother.

Gap Filling Paragraph Practice Exercises for Class 6 CBSE – 5

Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one suitable word.

One day we decide to flQ for a movie. Three of (1) _____________ friends and I bought few chips (2) _____________ a few bottles (3) _____________ cold drinks. We decided to go (4) _____________ our bicycles. Soon we (5) _____________ the movie theatre. There was a (6) _____________ queue at the ticket counter. When it was our turn (7) _____________ buy tickets, there were (8) _____________ ticket available. So we sat outside and (9) _____________ all what we bought for the movie. We returned (10) _____________.

Looking for an easy way to Learning of new elementary English grammar and composition for class 8 answers, Solutions. You have to learn basic English Grammar topics like Tenses Verbs, Nouns, etc… In this article, we will review the best English Grammer Topics and compare them against each other.

Subject Verb Agreement Exercises for Class 8 CBSE With Answers Pdf

Action Verbs
While there are several types of verbs, today’s lesson will focus on action verbs. Action verbs tell what the subject of a sentence is doing. Words like navigate, climb, swing, slide, told and answer are action verbs.

Can you think of verbs for actions you completed today? You may have brushed your teeth, put your shoes on, smiled at your friend, and drank your water. For the rest of the day, think about what you’re doing. What verbs can you think of?

Verb
A verb tells what something does or that something exists.
Examples:

• Sally has shared her pencil with us.
• Those oranges were delicious.
• I hope Sue is bringing more apples tomorrow.

Verb Tense
Verbs have different forms to show whether something already happened, is happening right now, or will happen in the future.
Examples:

• Present tense: I walk to school.
• Past tense: I walked to school.
• Future tense: I will walk to school.
• Principle parts of Verbs

Verbs have three principle parts. They are present, past and past participle. For regular verbs, the past tense is formed by adding ed to the present tense; and the past participle is formed by using the past tense verb with a helping verb such as has, have, or had. Example:

• Present: invite
• Past: invited
• Past participle: has/have/ had invited.

Kinds of verbs
Action verbs
An action word tells what the subject does. (build, laugh, walk, express) or that it exists. (is, are, was, were)
Examples:

• Bob raked the leaves into a pile.
• I was late to school today.
• Helping verbs (be)

A helping verb tells when the action of a sentence takes place. The helping verb be has several forms am, is, are, were, and will.
Examples:

• Present: Bob was talking. We were eating.
• Past: I am coming. Dan is walking. They are singing.
• Future: I will sing. They will eat.
• Linking verbs (be)

A linking verb links a noun or an adjective in the predicate to the subject. Forms of the verb ‘be’ are the most common linking verbs. Linking verbs can be used in all three tenses.

Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
An intransitive verb can stand alone in the predicate because its meaning is complete.
Example:

• The plant grows.

A transitive verb needs a direct object to complete its meaning. The meaning of a sentence with a transitive verb is not complete without a direct object.

Examples:

• The mouse wants cheese. Here cheese tells what the mouse wants.
• Both transitive and intransitive verbs can be in the past, present or future tense.

Irregular verbs
Irregular verbs change completely in the past tense. Unlike regular verbs, the past tense forms of irregular verbs are not formed by adding ed. Example:

• Present: know
• Past: knew
• Past Participle: has/have/ had known

Presentation:
Read the picture story
A. Answer the following questions.

1. What did you learn about the Academy Award from the story?
2. What does the jury decide about awards?
3. By whom are the awards sponsored?

B. Underline the correct verb in each of the sentences below.

1. Meena and her parents (visit/visits) each other often.
2. Either the cups or the glasses (are/is) in the dishwasher.
3. Veena and Firoz (need/needs) a ride to work.
4. There (is/are) a dog, a cat, and a bird in the garage.
5. Neither Madan nor his brothers (was/were) at the party.
6. Here into the main ring of the circus (come/comes) the trained elephants.
7. Either the workers or the boss (deliver/delivers) the merchandise.
8. The committee (work/works) hard for better schools.
9. There (is/are) many things to do before the holidays.
10. The jury members (was/were) unanimous in their decision.

Subject Verb Agreement Practice Exercises for Class 8 CBSE

A. Underline the subject (or compound subject) and then tick the verb that agrees with it. The first one has been done for you.

1. Everyone in the telecom focus group (has/have) experienced problems with cell phones.
2. Your friendship over the years and your support (has/have) meant a great deal to us.
3. Hamilton Family Center, a shelter for teenage runaways in San Francisco, (offers/offer) a wide variety of services.
4. The main source of income for Trinidad (is/are) oil and pitch.
5. The chances of your being promoted (is/are) excellent.
6. There (was/were) a Pokemon card stuck to the refrigerator.
7. Neither the professor nor his assistants (was/were) able to solve the mystery of the eerie glow in the laboratory.
8. Many hours at the driving range (has/have) led us to design golf balls with GPS locators in them.
9. Discovered in the soil of our city garden (was/were) a button dating back to the Civil War.
10. Every year, during the midsummer festival, the smoke from village bonfires (fills/fill) the sky.
11. The story tellers (was/were) surrounded by children and adults eager to see magical tales.

B. Edit the following sentences to eliminate problems with subject-verb agreement and write the edited sentence. If a sentence is correct, write “correct.”
Example:

• Jack’s first days in the infantry was grueling.
• Jack’s first days in the infantry were grueling.

1. One of the main reasons for elephant poaching are the profits received from selling the ivory tusks.
_______________________________________
2. Batik cloth from Bali, blue and white ceramics from Cambodia, and a bocce ball from Turin has made Hema’s room the talk of the dorm.
_______________________________________
3. The board of directors, ignoring the wishes of the neighbourhood, has voted to allow further development.
_______________________________________
5. The presence of certain bacteria in our bodies are one of the factors that determines our overall health.
_______________________________________
6. Lalit is the only one of the many applicants who has the ability to step into this job.
_______________________________________
7. Neither the explorer nor his companions was ever seen again.
_______________________________________

C. Underline the subject and correct verb for it in the following sentences.

1. Somebody (steal, steals) my morning paper nearly every morning.
2. Both (argue, argues) on the phone.
3. Some pizza (has, have) been saved for later.
4. Half of the answers (was, were) correct.
5. Half of the assignment (is, are) already complete.
6. Most of the ice (melt, melts) in the spring.
7. Neither of the employers who interviewed me last week (has, have) called with the results of their interviews.
8. A small group of parents (hope, hopes) to meet Sunday to discuss travel arrangements for their children touring Southeast Asia in the fall.

D. Underline the subject of the sentence and the correct verb for it in the following sentences.

1. Evidently, neither of the professors (is, are) aware that the letter of complaint (has, have) been linked to him.
2. Either her brother or her parents (has, have) Lata’s address in Mumbai.
3. There in the middle of the aisle (was, were) my abandoned cart along with all of the items I had intended to purchase.
4. It should be perfectly clear by now that all of us (do, does) not agree with the motion as it stands now.
5. My mother and my best friend (has, have) often discussed the practicality of educating children at home.
6. Somebody (leaves, leave) (his, their) computer on after work, and I intend to discover who that it.
7. Every Fourth of July, every car and truck in town (lines, line) up along the waterfront for the annual fireworks display.

Looking for an easy way to Learning of new elementary english grammar and composition for class 7 answers, Solutions. You have to learn basic English Grammar topics like Tenses Verbs, Nouns, etc… In this article, we will review the best English Grammer Topics and compare them against each other

Active And Passive Voice Imperative Sentences Exercise With Answers for Class 7 CBSE CBSE Pdf

These are the sentences in which we express our feelings and emotions like command, order, advice, and request.

Passive Imperative Sentence Formation:

• Lets + object + be/Not be +past participle or 3rd form.

For sentences containing, request, advice and order, we will use you are requested to, advised to and ordered to.

Always remove please and kind if they are given in the sentence.
Examples:

Active Voice	Passive Voice
Shut the door.	Let the door be shut.
Post the letter at once.	Let the letter be posted at once.
Always speak the truth.	Let the truth always be spoken.
Do not starve the cow.	Let the cow not be starved.
Let him help his brother.	Let his brother be helped by him.
Clean your room.	Let your room be cleaned.
Learn your lesson.	Let your lesson be learnt.
Please do me a favour tonight.	You are requested to do me a favour tonight.
Get out of my house.	You are ordered to get out of my house.
Kindly do not smoke in public place.	You are requested not to smoke in public place.

To make passive voice, first of all you have to use the following rules.

1. Change the object into subject. If in object, we have a pronoun of object case we convert them by following rules.

Me	I
You	You
Her	She
Them	They
Us	We
Him	He
It	It
Whom	Who

2. Change the subject into object. And use by before the object. If in subject, we have a pronoun of nominative case convert that by the following rules.

I	by me
You	by you
She	by her
They	by them
We	by us
He	by him
It	by it
Who	by whom

An imperative sentence is changed from active to passive voice according to the message contained in the sentence. For this purpose words used are as follows:

If it contains an order or a command	You are ordered to or You are commanded to
If it contains a request	You are requested to
If it contains an advice	You are advised to
If it contains a negative order	You are forbidden to
If it contains ‘Let us’ : proposed that we should	It is suggested that we should or It is
It is time to (verb first form)	It is time for (object) to be (verb third form)

Presentation:
Read the picture story.
Students, please pay attention. Our school is organising a camp for orphan students. You are requested to bring some useful articles and essential items for then.

You are forbidden to bring any waste material for orphans. It is the time for all of us to help needy and the orphan students.

You are also advised to bring some clothes, books, stationary items, fresh eatables, soft toys, etc. Let the poor orPhan be helped.

Answer the following questions.
1. What is the school going to organize?
2. What does the teacher suggest not to bring for orphan students?
3. What does a teacher advice to bring?

Active and Passive Voice Interrogative Sentences Worksheets for Class 7 Pdf

A. Change the following imperative sentences into passive voice. The first one has been done for you.

1. Leave the room at once.
You are ordered to leave the room at once.

2. Bring a glass of water for me.
____________________
3. Go to market immediately.
____________________
4. Please help me.
____________________
5. Please take pity on him.
____________________
6. Please keep this book on the table.
____________________
7. Always speak the truth.
____________________
8. Always respect your elders.
____________________
9. Leave the room, please.
____________________
10. It is time to start the work.
____________________
11. It is time to revise the lesson.
____________________
12. It is time to say prayers.
____________________

C. Change the following imperative sentence into passive voice using ‘Let’.

1. Respect your elders.
____________________
2. Start your work now.
____________________
3. Close the window.
____________________
4. Help the poor.
____________________
5. Do not insult the beggar.
____________________
6. Obey your parents.
____________________
7. Mind your own business.
____________________
8. Do not take overripe fruit.
____________________
9. Let us start our work.
____________________

Solved CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 14

[Time Allowed : 3 hrs.]                                                                                              [Maximum Marks] : 100

General Instruction:

1. All Questions are compulsory.
2. Question numbers 1-5 are of 1 mark each. The answers to these questions should not exceed 20 words each.
3. Question numbers 6-10 are of 2 marks each. The answers to these questions should not exceed 40 words each.
4. Question numbers 11-16 are of 4 marks each. The answers to these questions should not exceed 100 words each.
5. Question numbers 17-21 are of 5 marks each. The answers to this question should not exceed 150 words.
6. Question numbers 22-27 are of 6 marks each. The answers to this question should not exceed 150 words.

Question.1. Mention any one problem created by protectionism.
Answer. The system of protectionism led by the two super powers threatened to divide the entire world into two camps. In a way the smaller states lost their identity and independence.

Question.2. What is Human Rights Watch ?
Answer. “Human Rights Watch” is an international NGO involved in research and advocacy of human rights. It is the largest international human rights organisation set up in US with the aim to draw the media’s attention to human rights abuses.

Question.3. What do you mean by charismatic leader-oriented party ?
Answer. ‘Charismatic leader-oriented party’ is the party in which a leader holds a very strong position and is the nucleus of the party. It is the leader’s personality and his charisma which holds the party together and leads to a great height, for example, Congress Party under the leadership of Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru.

Question.4. What do you mean by seven sisters ?
Answer. The North-East region which consists of seven states is referred to as “seven sisters”. This region has only 4 per cent of the country’s population but about twice as much share of its area.

Question.5. Which two diametrically opposite political groups supported the National Front Government in 1989 ?
Answer. The two diametrically opposite political groups which supported the National Front Government in 1989 were RIP and the Left Front.”

Question.6. Suggest any two major changes to improve the functioning of the Security Council.
Answer. The following reforms are being suggested to improve the functioning of Security Council.
(i) Members states should be judged by their contribution to peace keeping as well as the other developmental activities of the UN.
(ii) The geographic distribution principle should also be taken into consideration.
The Security Council thus needs to be reconstructed and expanded. It must shed its static image.

Question.7. What was Marshall Plan ? How did it pave the way for the formation of OEEC (Organisation of European Economic Cooperation) ?
Answer. Marshall Plan was introduced by America to provide financial help for the revival ofEuropean Economy. To initiate the plan an Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) was established in 1948.

Question.8. Write any two steps taken by India to have cordial relations with China.
Answer. (i) India was one of the first countries to recognise the communist government after the Chinese revolution in 1949.
(ii) India and China signed The Panchsheel Agreement on 29th April, 1954 which was a step in the direction of strong relationship between the two.

Question.9. What is meant by the Bihar and Gujarat Movements of 1974-1975 ?
Answer. (i) Student protest in Gujarat and Bihar against the Congress governments in their respective states was against rising prices of food grains, cooking oil and other essential commodities.
(ii) The opposition parties supported their movement.

Question.10. Write few lines on “Instrument of Accession
Answer. “Instrument of Accession” was an agreement signed between the Maharaja of Kashmir and the “Government of India” in 1949.
This agreement was on the matter of India’s military help to Kashmir when Pakistan sent tribal infiltrators to capture Kashmir.
Under the accord it was also agreed that once the situation is normalised, the views of the people Of Jammu and Kashmir will be ascertained about their future,

Question.11. “Non-alignment and neutrality are different”. Explain.
Answer.

Question.12. Describe any four reforms suggested in the Report of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development in 1972 entitled ‘Towards a New Trade Policy for Development.’
Answer. The idea of a “New International Economic Order” (NIEO) originated for the sustainable economic development of the “least developed countries of NAM”. The United Nations’ Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) brought out a report in 1972 entitled “Towards a new Trade Policy for Development”.
The report proposed a reform of the global trading system to

1. give the Least Developed Countries [LDCs] control over their natural resources exploited by the developed western countries.
2. obtain access to western markets so that the LDCs could sell their products and therefore, make trade more beneficial for the poorer countries.
3. reduce the cost of technology from the western countries.
4.  provide the LDCs with a greater role in international economic ‘”ctitutions.

Question.13. What does SAFTA stand for ? When was it signed ? What is the spirit behind it ?
Answer. The term SAFTA stands for South Asian Free Trade Area Agreement. It was signed in 2004 at the 12th SAARC summit in Islamabad to provide for a free trade zone for the whole of South Asia.

1.  It was SAPTA which gradually progressed to SAFTA. The leaders at the tenth SAARC summit in Colombo, decided to set up a committee of experts to conclude a treaty by 2001 on SAFTA.
2.  By this, items listed by the countries would be traded free from custom restrictions and duties.
3.  SAFTA would ensure free flow of items between the South Asian countries and promote and sustain mutual trade and economic co-operation in the region.
4.  The spirit behind SAFTA is that the peace and cooperation would evolve in South Asia if all the countries in the region allow free trade across the borders.
   The agreement on SAFTA came into effect on 1st January, 2006. SAFTA aims at lowering trade tariffs by 20 per cent by 2007.

Question.14. Explain any four criticisms of globalisation.
Answer. Criticism of Globalisation :

1. The contemporary globalisation referred to as ‘Global capitalism’ helps make the rich richer and the poor poorer.
2.  In political terms, there is a fear, i.e., weakening of the state, which leads to a reduction in the capacity of the state to protect the interests of the poor.
3. The left wing fears that economically it affects self-reliance.
4.  Culturally they are worried that traditional culture will be harmed and people will lose their age-old values.

Question.15. “The conduct of foreign affairs is an outcome of a two-way interaction between domestic compulsions and prevailing international climate.” Take one example from India’s external relations in the 1960s to substantiate your answer.
Answer. The above statement to a great extent is justified in the international forum. We can take the example of “Sino-Indian eonflict of 1962” which dented India’s image at home and abroad. India had to approach the Americans and the British for military assistance to tide over the crisis. The Soviet Union remained neutral during the conflict.

1.  It induced a sense of national humiliation and at the same time strengthened the spirit of nationalism.
2.  Nehru’s own stature suffered as he was severely criticised for his naive assessment of the Chinese intentions and lack of military preparedness.
3.  For the first time, a No-confidence motion against his government was moved and debated in the Lok Sabha. As a result soon thereafter, the Congress lost some key By-elections to the Lok Sabha. Thus, the political mood of the country had begun to change.
4. The “Sino-Indian conflict” affected the opposition as well. This and the growing rift between China and Soviet Union created irreconciliabfe differences within the Communist Party of India [CPI], Ultimately, the party split in 1964 and the leaders of the latter faction formed Communist Party of India [CPI-M],
5. Besides, the war with China alerted Indian leadership to the volatile situation in the Northeast region. Apart from being isolated and extremely underdeveloped, this region also presented India with the challenge of national integration and political unity.

Question.16. What is meant by popular movements ? Explain the party-based and non-party based movements.
Answer. Popular Movements:
When the people are not satisfied with the attitude of the government, (social groups such as women, students, farmers, dalits, etc.), they come together and voice their demands. They form a group or come under the banner of some social organisations.
There are two types of popular movements-party-based and non-party based movements. Party-based movements are those movements which are supported by the political parties e.g.: Trade Union Movement in Mumbai, Kolkata and Kanpur, etc.
Non-Party Movements:
The groups of people lose faith in existing democratic institutions and electoral politics. Students and young political activists from various sections of the society merge themselves as part of mass mobilisation. They also launch service organisations and constructive programmes. They are known as ‘Voluntary Organisations’.

Question.17. It is said that the nation is to a large extent an “imagined community” held together by common beliefs, history political aspirations and imaginations. Identify the features that make India a nation.
Answer. The above mentioned traits of a nation are very much applied to India as a nation. India also passed through all the stages in the way of its three challenges or problems at the time of nation building like

• Common Beliefs and History : India is the land of continental size and diversity. Its people speak different languages and follow different cultures and religions. In spite of these India is recognised as the nation of unity in diversity with common faith and beliefs for nation.
• Democratic set up as the political aspiration: India adopted representative democracy based on the parliamentary form of government. These features ensure that political competition would take place in a democratic framework.
• Imaginative nature, i.e., to ensure development and well being : India as a nation clearly laid down in its Constitution the principle of equality and special protection to socially disadvantaged groups and religions and cultural communities. India has tried all these to establish a ’welfare state’.-
On the basis of the above discussion we can safely say that India chose to shape it self into a nation, united by a shared history and common destiny which in turn reflect the aspirations of people across the different regions.

Question.18. Compromise and accommodation are the two essential policies required by states to save planet Earth. Substantiate the statement in the light of the ongoing negotiations between the north and south on environmental issues.
Answer. It is very significant that compromise and accommodation are the two essential policies” required by states to save planet Earth. But there is a difference in the approach to environment between the countries of the North and the South. We can throw light on the ongoing negotiations between the North and-South on environmental ‘cr in such a manner:
• The developed countries of the north want to discuss the environment issue as it stands now and want everyone to be equally responsible for ecological conservation.
• At the same time the developing countries of the South feel that much of the ecological degradation in the world is the product of industrial development undertaken by the developed countries.
• And to the most if developed countries have caused more degradation they must also take more responsibility for ongoing damage now.
On the other side the developing countries are in the process of industrialization and they must not be subjected to the same restrictions which apply to the developed countries. However, the special needs of the developing countries must be taken into account in the development, application and interpretation of rules of International Environmental Law. And this argument was accepted in the Rio Declaration at the “Earth Summit in 1992 under the principle of common but differentiated responsibility.

Question.19. “If big and resourceful states cannot resist the US hegemony, it is unrealistic to expect much smaller and weaker non-state actors to offer any resistance”. Examine this proposition and give your opinion.
Answer. The given proposition is to a large extent unrealistic from the theoretical point of view but very realistic from the practical point of view because non-state actors would challenge the US hegemony in a very active way.
These challenges to American hegemony will emerge in the economic and cultural realms and will come from a combination of Non-governmental organisations [NGOS], social movements, and public opinion.
The challenge may arise from sections of the media and intellectuals, artists and writers. These various actors may well form links across national boundaries, including Americans, to criticise and resist US policies.

Question.20.

(i) What does the cartoon indicate ?
(ii) Which struggle forced the appointment of states reorganisation commission explain.
(iii) How many states and union territories were created ?
Answer. (i) The above cartoon indicates the struggle for survival regarding the demand for linguistic states.
(ii) • The struggle for linguistic state forced the central government to appoint a State Reorganisation Commission in 1953.
• The commission in its report accepted that the boundaries of the state should relfceet the boundaries of different states.
(iii) 14 states and 6 union territories were created.

Question.21. Identify the five countries as the WARSAW members.

Answer.
• Poland • Czechoslovakia
• Germany • Romania

Question.22. Write an essay for or against the following proposition- “With the disintegration of the second world, India should change its foreign policy and focus more on friendship with the US rather than with traditional friends like Russia.”
Or
What are the constraints on American hegemony today ? Which one of these do you expect to get more important in the future ?
Answer. No, India should not change its foreign policy and focus more on friendship with the US, but, India should maintain a healthy relation with Russia because, Indo-Russian relations are embedded in a history of trust and common interests and are matched by popular perceptions.
• Common view on the multipolar world order : Russia and India share a vision of multipolar world order. For both these countries, multipolar world order is the co-existence of several powers in the international system, collective security, greater regionalism, negotiated settlements of international conflicts, an independent foreign policy for all countries and decision making through bodies like the UN that should be strengthened, democratised and empowered.
• India’s stand towards Russia: India gets meaningful benefits for having healthy relations with Russia on the issues like Kashmir, energy supplies, sharing information on international terrorism, access to central Asia and balancing its relation with China.
• Russia’s stand towards India : Like India Russia stands to benefit from this relationship because India is the second largest arms market for Russia.
• Besides, Indian military gets most of its hardware from Russia. Since India is an oil importing nation, so Russia is important to India and has repeatedly come to the assistance of India during its oil crisis.
• In order to meet the demands of energy, India is trying to increase its energy imports from Russia and the republics of Kazakihstan and Turkmenistan. This also broadened the scope for partnership and investment in oilfields.
• India has also strengthened its relationship with Russia for her nuclear energy plans and space industry. India gets the cryogenic rocket from Russia whenever it needed it.
• Thus, we may safely conclude that India has maintained good relations with all the post-communist countries. But the strongest relations are still those between Russia and India.
Or
As history reveals, every empire declines because of its weaknesses inherent in itself, so the biggest constraints to American hegemony lie within the heart of hegemony itself. Moreover, we can identify “three constraints on American power”, which were actually not in operation in the years following 9/11. All these constraints are slowly beginning to operate. Institutional Architecture : The very first constraint lies in the institutional architecture of the American state. A system of division of powers between the three branches of government places significant brakes upon the unrestrained and immoderate exercise of America’s military power by the executive.
Open Nature of American Society Possesses Constraint : The second constraint on American hegemony is also domestic in nature and stems from the open nature of American society. In spite of mass media’s promotion or imposition of a particular perspective on domestic opinion in the US, there is nevertheless a deep scepticism regarding the purposes and methods of government in American political culture. And this factor, in the long run, is a huge constraint on US military action overseas, i.e. towards the “Invasion Policy of America.” NATO as a Constraint on American hegemony: The most important constraint on American hegemony is NATO. It is the only organisation in the international system that could possibly moderate the exercise of American Hegemony today. Actually the US has an enormous interest in keeping the alliance of democracies, that follow the market economies, alive and therefore it is possible that its allies in the NATO will be able to moderate the exercise of US hegemony through their liberal economic policy.

Question.23. What important lessons can be drawn for Indian Democracy from the declaration of the Emergency of June 25,1975 ?
Or
What is meant by ‘Operation Iraqi Freedom’ ? Mention its main objective as well as the hidden objectives. Explain any two consequences of this operation.
Answer. The emergency at. once brought out both the weaknesses and the strengths of India’s democracy. Many observers think that India ceased to be democratic during the emergency.
It is noteworthy that normal democratic functioning resumed within a short span of time. Hence, we learnt some lessons*:

1.  The very first lesson we learnt is that it is extremely difficult to do away with democracy in India.
2. Secondly, it brought out some ambiguities regarding the emergency provision in the constitution that have been rectified since 1975. Now, internal emergency can be proclaimed only on the grounds of “armed rebellion” and it is necessary that the advice to the president to proclaim emergency must be given in writing by the council of ministers.
3. The third lesson we learnt is that the emergency made every one more aware of the value of civil liberties.

Or
Operation Iraqi Freedom was the codename given by the US when it launched invasion of Iraq on 19th March, 2003. More than forty countries joined in the US-led ‘Coalition of the Willing’ after the UN refused to give its mandate to the invasion.
Aims and Objectives:

1. The main purpose of the invasion was to prevent Iraq from developing weapons of mass destruction [WMD].
2.  But this was an eyewash, because no evidence of WMD has been unearthed in Iraq, so it is being speculated all over the world that the invasion was motivated by other objectives such as controlling Iraqi oil fields and installing a regime friendly to the US.

Outcome:
The outcome of Iraqi invasion was very complex and contradictory.

1.  Although the government of Saddam Hussien fell swiftly, the US has not been able to pacify Iraq.
2.  A full-fledged insurgency against US occupation was ignited in Iraq.
3.  Iraqi casualties are much higher than that of the US. The US has lost over 3,000 military personnel in the war.
4.  It is conservatively estimated that 50,000 Iraqi civilians have been killed since the US led invasion.
   On the whole it is now widely recognised that the US invasion of Iraq was, in some crucial respects, both a military and political failure. (Any two)

Question.24. Discuss the consequences of Partition of India.
Or
State the main arguments in the debate that ensued between industrialisation and agricultural development at the time of the second five year plan.
Answer. The partition year 1947 was the year of one of the largest, most abrupt,unplanned and tragic transfers of population that human history has known.

1. Communal Riots: In the name of religion, people of one community ruthlessly killed and maimed people of the other community. There were killings and atrocities on both sides of the border. Cities like Lahore, Amritsar and Kolkata became divided into “communal zones”.
2.  Social Sufferings : People went through immense sufferings. They were forced to abandon their homes and move across borders. Minorities on both sides of the border fled their homes and often secured temporary shelter in “refugee camps”. Thousands of woman were abducted on both sides of the border.
   (a) In many cases women were killed by their own family members to preserve the “family honour”.
   (b) Many children were separated from their parents. Those who did manage to cross the border found that they had no home. Hence, for lakhs of these “refugees”, the country’s freedom meant life in ‘refugee camps’.
3.  Administrative concerns and Financial strains : The partition saw not merely a division of properties, liabilities and assets or a political division of the country and the administrative apparatus. What also got divided were the financial assets and things like tables, chairs, typewriters, paper-clips, books and also musical instruments of police band.
   (a) The employees of government and the railways were also divided.
   (b) Above all, it was a violent separation of communities who had hitherto lived together as neighbours. It is estimated that the partition forced about 80 lakh to migrate across the new border. Between five to ten lakh people were killed in partition related violence.

Or
The strategy of development followed after independence raised some key controversies regarding the relevance of agriculture over industry at the time of the second five year plan.

1. At the time of the commencement of second five year plan, many thought that the second plan lacked an agrarian strategy for development and emphasis on industry caused agriculture and rural India to suffer.
2. J.C. Kumarappa, a Gandhian economist, proposed an alternative blueprint that put greater emphasis on rural industrialisation.
3.  Chaudhary Charan Singh, the Bharatiya Lok Dal leader, said that planning was leading to the creation of prosperity in urban and industrial sections at the cost of rural welfare.

Whereas, others thought that without a drastic increase in industrial production there could be no escape from the cycle of poverty.

1.  They argued that Indian Planning did not have an agrarian strategy to boost the production of foodgrains.
2. It also proposed programmes of community development and spent large sums on irrigation projects. And the failure was not that of policy but of its non- implementation because of the politics of land owning classes.
3.  Besides, they also argued that even if the government hand spent more money on agriculture it would not have solved the massive problem of rural poverty.

Question.25. Examine the legacy of the Emergency of 1975.
Or
In what way did the imposition of emergency affect the party system in India ? Elaborate your answer with example.
Answer. The legacy of the emergency of 1975 was felt in every sphere of people’s life and the politics of the nation as well.

1.  Between the elections of 1977 and 1980, the party system had changed dramatically. Now the Congress Party identified itself with a particular ideology, claiming to be the only socialist and pro-poor party.
2.  With the change in the nature of the Congress Party, other opposition parties relied more and more on what is known in Indian politics as non-Congressism.
3.  In an indirect manner the issue of welfare of the backward castes also began to dominate politics since 1977. For instance the Northern states elected non-Congress governments in which the leaders of the backward castes played an important role.
4.  Besides, the emergency and the period around it can be described as a period of constitutional crises because it had its origins in the constitutional battle over the jurisdiction of the Parliament and the judiciary.
5.  On the other hand, it was also a period of political crisis. The party in power had absolute majority, yet, its leadership decided to suspend the democratic process.
6. Another critical issue was the role and extent of mass protests in a Parliamentary democracy. The emergency period saw a clear tension between institution-based democracy and democracy based on spontaneous popular participation for which the party system was to be blamed.

Or
During emergency the political situation became very quiet though tense. It was a period of political crisis with some changes in the party system such as :

1.  The party in power had absolute majority and yet, its leadership decided to suspend the democratic process.
2. The makers of India’s constitution trusted that all political parties would basically abide by the democratic norms. This expectation led to the wide and open-ended powers given to the government in times of emergency.
3.  Another critical issue related to the party system during emergency was clear tension between institution-based democracy and democracy based on spontaneous popular participation.
4. And this tension may be attributed to the inability of the party system to incorporate the aspirations of the people.
   Besides, for the first time, opposition parties came together and formed a new party known as the Janata Party. The formation of the Janata Party ensured that Non-Congress votes would not be divided.
   Thus, the 1977 elections turned into a referendum on the experience of the emergency and brought to an end the one party dominance and opened the way for the coalition type of government.

Question.26. ‘Assam movement was a combination of cultural pride and economic backwardness.’ Do you agree with this statement ? Substantiate your answer with any three arguments.
Or
State the main issues in Indian politics in the period after 1989. What different configurations of political parties these differences lead to ?
Answer.

1. Assam Movement was a combination of cultural pride and economic backwardness.
   The regional aspirations reached a climax in 1980’s. The North-Eastern states are called as “Seven Sisters”. Nagaland was created in 1963, Meghalaya, Manipur and Tripura in 1972 and Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram became separate states in 1986. Demands for political autonomy arose when Non-Assamese felt that the Assam Government was imposing Assamese language on them. Leaders of major tribal communities wanted to separate from Assam. They formed the Eastern Tribal Union which later transformed into All Party Hill Leaders Conference in 1960.
2. In Assam, communities like Bodos, Karbis and Dimasas wanted separate states. After Independence, the Mizo hill area was made autonomous district within Assam. Some Mizos believed that they were never a part of British India and therefore did not belong to Indian Union. The Mizo’s started Mizo National Front under the leadership of Laldenga. The story of Nagaland is similar to Mizoram and here the movement was led by Angami Zapu Phizo.
3.  To preserve their economic and social identify, the local communities considered migrants as outsiders” and movements started against them from 1979 to 1985. The All Assam Students Union (AASU) started Anti-Foreigner Movement against illegal migrants, against domination of Bengalis and other outsiders. Assam Gana Parishad came to power in 1985 with the promise of resolving the foreign national problem and to build a “Golden Assam”.

Or
As the decade of the eighties came to a close, the country witnessed five main issues that were to make a long-lasting impact on our politics.
(i) End of the Congress system (ii) Mandal Issue
(iii) New economic reforms (iv) Babri Masjid Issue
(v) Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi
Elections in 1989 led to the defeat of the Congress party but did not result in a majority for any other party. Thus, began an era of “Multi-party system”. What happened after 1989 was the emergence of several parties in such a way that one or two parties did not get most of the votes or seats. This also meant that no single party secured a clear majority of seats in any Lok Sabha election held since 1989. This development initiated an era of coalition governments at the centre in which regional parties played a crucial role in forming a ruling alliance.
The nineties also saw the emergence of powerful parties and movements that represented the Dalit and backward castes. Many of these parties represented powerful regional assertions as well.
Thus, with the election of 1989 a long phase of coalition parties began in India. Since then there have been nine governments at the centre all of which have either been coalition governments or minority governments supported by other parties, which did not join the government. In this new phase, any government could be formed only with the participation or support of many regional parties.

Question.27. How was non-alignment neither an isolation nor neutrality towards international affairs ?
Or
Assess any four principles of India’s foreign policy.
Answer. ‘Non-alignment’ is not isolationism since isolationism means remaining aloof from the world affairs, but it is a neutral policy of remaining aloof from the military alliances with other countries.

1.  Sometimes the non-aligned countries play an active role in mediating between the two rival alliances in the cause of peace and stability.
2. Hence, the aim of staying away from alliance should not be considered isolationism or neutrality.

Non-alignment cannot be referred to as neutrality because neutrality refers principally to a policy of staying out of war.

1.  It is a concept opposed to belligerency.
2. States practising neutrality are not required to help end a war. They do not get involved in wars and do not take position on the appropriateness or morality of a war.
3. On the other hand, non-alignment is a concept aiming at an independent foreign policy and peaceful co-existence. Non-aligned countries also worked to prevent war between others and tried to end wars that had broken out.
   Neutrality has relevance only in wars whereas, non-alignment has relevance during wars as well as at the time of peace.

Or
India’s foreign policy is basically based on the principles of Panchsheel. Panchsheel is a Sanskrit word derived from two words; Panch means five and Sheel means rule of conduct. India defined these principles as the rule of conduct of peaceful co-existence which are as follows:

1. Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty.
2.  Mutual non-aggression
3.  Non-intervention in each other’s internal affairs
4. Mutual benefits and equality, and
5. Peaceful co-existence.

Besides, India’s foreign policy has some outstanding features, which are as follows :

1.  Panchsheel
2.  Non-alignment, i.e., not to align with any military blocs of the super powers. It is an impartial approach towards world issues.
3.  Opposition to colonialism, imperialism and racialism
4. International peace and understanding. In this way, India helps UN in its peace making efforts.

The following passage has not been edited. There is an error in each line against which a blank is given. Write the incorrect word and the corrected word in your answer sheet against the blank as given in the example. Underline the corrected word that has been supplied.

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Editing Exercises for Class 11 CBSE with Answers Pdf

Direction (Q No 1. to 10) The following passages have not been edited. There is one error in each line. Identify the wrong word and write it with the correction in the spaces given.

Editing Exercises for Class 11 with Answers

Editing Exercises with Answers Example – 1

	Incorrect	Correct
(a) In a Northern part of India,	…………………………..	…………………………..
(b) summer are very hot.	…………………………..	…………………………..
(c) June and July are the hot months.	…………………………..	…………………………..
(d) The Sun shine brightly and	…………………………..	…………………………..
(e) the heat was unbearable.	…………………………..	…………………………..
(f) A morning of a summer day	…………………………..	…………………………..
(g) are cool and pleasant.	…………………………..	…………………………..
(h) A cool breeze blows which refresh the mind and enlivens the heart.	…………………………..	…………………………..

Answer:
(a) a – the
(b) are is
(c) hot hottest
(d) shine shines
(e) was is
(f) A The
(g) are is
(h) refresh refreshes

Editing Exercises with Answers Example – 2

	Incorrect	Correct
(a) I have enjoy reading books	…………………………..	…………………………..
(b) of biographies, adventures or lands, etc.	…………………………..	…………………………..
(c) Books must been purposive and delightful.	…………………………..	…………………………..
(d) Biographies of great men has	…………………………..	…………………………..
(e) always inspire me; books of	…………………………..	…………………………..
(f) adventure has thrilled me.	…………………………..	…………………………..
(g) In the beginning I enjoyed books in English who had the same or	…………………………..	…………………………..
(h) similar themes which I find in my first language (Hindi) books.	…………………………..	…………………………..

Answer:
(a) enjoy enjoyed
(b) or and
(c) been be
(d) has have
(e) inspire inspired
(f) has have
(g) who which
(h) find found

Editing Exercises with Answers Example – 3

	Incorrect	Correct
(a) It is really shock that	…………………………..	…………………………..
(b) wild animals is being killed on a very large scale.	…………………………..	…………………………..
(c) There has been an craze for leather goods.	…………………………..	…………………………..
(d) We don’t realise how many cruelty	…………………………..	…………………………..
(e) towards those helpless creatures	…………………………..	…………………………..
(f) we were encouraging by using the goods.	…………………………..	…………………………..
(g) There Eire much who wear	…………………………..	…………………………..
(h) fur coats and jackets with a fur lining.	…………………………..	…………………………..

Answer:
(a) shock shocking
(b) is are
(c) an a
(d) many much
(e) those these
(f) were are
(g) much many
(h) and or

Editing Exercises with Answers Example – 4

	Incorrect	Correct
(a) Teenage is a spring of man’s life.	…………………………..	…………………………..
(b) It is perceive as the most joyful	…………………………..	…………………………..
(c) and exciting period of a individual’s	…………………………..	…………………………..
(d) life. Teenagers are bubble with life.	…………………………..	…………………………..
(e) Everything smell of freshness and fitness.	…………………………..	…………………………..
(f) There are aspiration and expect; ’-yin life.	…………………………..	…………………………..
(g) But the teenagers of today are live	…………………………..	…………………………..
(h) under the pressure of a competitive world.	…………………………..	…………………………..

Answer:
(a) a the
(b) perceive perceived
(c) a an
(d) bubble bubbling
(e) smell smells
(f) are is
(g) live living
(h) a the

Editing Exercises with Answers Example – 5

	Incorrect	Correct
(a) Lord Brougham said, “Blessed is the man who had	…………………………..	…………………………..
(b) hobbies. The pursuit in hobbies is not a waste of time.	…………………………..	…………………………..
(c) Rather it prevents us while wasting	…………………………..	…………………………..
(d) time by other frivolous pursuits. Hobbies fill	…………………………..	…………………………..
(e) our vacant hours with amusement or interest. So I	…………………………..	…………………………..
(f) am justifying in having my hobbies.”	…………………………..	…………………………..

Answer:
(a) had has
(b) in of
(c) while from
(d) by in
(e) or and
(f) justifying justified

Editing Exercises with Answers Example – 6

	Incorrect	Correct
(a) English is the useful language. The people	…………………………..	…………………………..
(b) who speak English made up the largest	…………………………..	…………………………..
(c) community. A speech community are similar	…………………………..	…………………………..
(d) to other communities. People that make up the	…………………………..	…………………………..
(e) community share an common language.	…………………………..	…………………………..
(f) Much nations are composed of speech communities.	…………………………..	…………………………..

Answer:
(a) the a
(b) made make
(c) are is
(d) that who
(e) an a
(f) Much Many

Editing Exercises with Answers Example – 7

	Incorrect	Correct
(a) There is the enemy beneath our feet.	…………………………..	…………………………..
(b) Everyone are threatened by this	…………………………..	…………………………..
(c) enemy. The enemy are Earth itself. When an	…………………………..	…………………………..
(d) earthquake strikes, the Earth tremble. Scientists	…………………………..	…………………………..
(e) are directing the great amount	…………………………..	…………………………..
(f) of effort into finding ways at combating earthquakes.	…………………………..	…………………………..

Answer:
(a) the an
(b) are is
(c) are is
(d) tremble trembles
(e) the a
(f) at of

Editing Exercises with Answers Example – 8

	Incorrect	Correct
(a) I wonder whether you will help me?	…………………………..	…………………………..
(b) I was sorry to bother you.	…………………………..	…………………………..
(c) Oh, I am awful sorry.	…………………………..	…………………………..
(d) What seemed to be the problem, Sir?	…………………………..	…………………………..
(e) Never mind, it does not really matters.	…………………………..	…………………………..
(f) It may be all right soon.	…………………………..	…………………………..

Answer:
(a) will could
(b) was am
(c) awful awfully
(d) seemed seems
(e) matters matter
(f) may will

Editing Exercises with Answers Example – 9

	Incorrect	Correct
(a) The important thing was that we should have	…………………………..	…………………………..
(b) freedom of thought. This is not so easy as it	…………………………..	…………………………..
(c) sounds. Every man likes to have their freedom	…………………………..	…………………………..
(d) for himself. He does enjoying the freedom. When	…………………………..	…………………………..
(e) a difference of opinion was created,	…………………………..	…………………………..
(f) it had to be resolved.	…………………………..	…………………………..

Answer:
(a) was is
(b) so as
(c) their his
(d) enjoying enjoy
(e) was is
(f) had has

Editing Exercises with Answers Example – 10

	Incorrect	Correct
(a) We know that if we eats the right food, in the right	…………………………..	…………………………..
(b) quantities in the right time, our digestive system	…………………………..	…………………………..
(c) must remain healthy. Similarly, if we breathe correctly,	…………………………..	…………………………..
(d) our respiratory system will function efficiently. As	…………………………..	…………………………..
(e) our heart is in good.shape, and a arteries	…………………………..	…………………………..
(f) ensure that blood reaches which it must, our	…………………………..	…………………………..
(g) circulatory system is in order. But how do one	…………………………..	…………………………..
(h) keep in shape an invisibly energy system, a system which helps us process the life force.	…………………………..	…………………………..

Answer:
(a) eats eat
(b) in at
(c) must will
(d) As If
(e) a the
(f) which where
(g) do does
(h) invisibly invisible

My Mother at Sixty-Six Important Questions CBSE Class 12 English

Extract Based Questions (4 Marks)

Question.1. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
I looked again at her, wan, pale
as a late winter’s moon and felt that old
familiar ache, my childhood’s fear,
but all I said was see you soon, Amma,
all I did was smile and smile and smile ……… (Foreign 2014; Modified)
(a) What was the poet’s childhood fear?
(b) What were the poet’s parting words?
(c) What is the poetic device used in these lines?
(d) Why did the poet smile and smile?
Answer. (a) In her childhood, the poet was insecure about losing her mother, just as all young children often are.
(b) The poet’s parting words were, “See you soon, Amma”, which are suggestive of the hope that they will meet again.
(c) The poetic device used in these lines is simile, where the mother’s dull and lifeless face is compared to a late winter’s moon.
(d) The poet smiled and smiled (meaning that she smiled continuously) because she was trying to hide her real feelings. She feared the fact that she might not see her mother again, which left her almost in tears.

Question.2. Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow.
……….but soon
put that thought away and
looked out at young
trees sprinting, the merry children spilling
out of their homes……………
(a) What thought did the poet drive away from her mind?
(b) What did she see when she looked out of the car?
(c) How do you know that the joyful scene didn’t help her drive away the painful thought from her mind?
(d) What are the merry children symbolic of? (Compartment 2014; Modified)
or
(a) Which thought did the poet put away?
(b) What do the ‘sprinting trees’ signify?
(c) What are “the merry children spilling out of their homes”, symbolic of?
(d) Why does the poet make use of the images of ‘young trees sprinting’ and ‘merry children spilling’? (Delhi 2014; Modified)
or
(a) Who looked out at the young trees?
(b) Which thought did she put away?
(c) What do young sprinting trees signify?
(d) Why are the trees described as sprinting? (Delhi 2008)
Answer. (a) The poet drove away the painful thought of the distressing reality that her mother was getting old and she might die anytime.
(b) When she looked out of the car, she saw young trees on the roadside, which appeared to be moving. She also saw a group of children, merrily rushing out of their homes to play.
(c) As the poet passed through security check at the airport and happened to look at her mother, she was again haunted by the same fear of losing her to death. This shows that the joyful scene earlier didn’t help drive away the painful thought from her mind.
(d) The merry children are symbolic of the exuberance of youth. The energetic and lively children present a contrast to the poet’s mother who has grown old and pale.
or
Answer. (a) The poet put away the thought of the-distressing reality of her mother getting old and of her impending death.
(b) The ‘sprinting trees’ signify time that has passed at a fast pace.
(c) The merry children epitomise bubbly youth. They represent the exuberance and liveliness of young age.
(d) The poet makes use of these images to emphasise the contrast between old age and youth.
or
Answer. (a) The poet Kamala Das looked out at young trees.
(b) Seeing her aged mother, she felt insecure about the fact that she might be separated from her mother. The poet was also feeling guilty for neglecting her. She wondered if she would see her mother alive next time. However, she soon put these thoughts away.
(c) The young sprinting trees symbolise happiness, strength and vigour which are the characteristics of youth in contrast to the dullness of old age.
(d) As the poet looked outside the window of her moving car, the trees appeared to be moving fast in the opposite direction. So, they are described as sprinting.

Question.3. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
Driving from my parent’s
home to Cochin last Friday
morning, I saw my mother, beside me
doze, open mouthed, her face ashen like that ‘
of a corpse and realised with pain .
that she was as old as she looked …
(a) Where was the poet driving to?
(b) Why was her mother’s face looking like that of a corpse?
(c) What did the poet notice about her mother?
(d) Why was the realisation painful? (All India 2013; Modified)
Answer. (a) The poet was driving to Cochin airport from her parent’s home.
(b) Her mother’s face had lost all its glow and colour. It was nearly lifeless. That is why it was looking like a corpse’s face.
(c) The poet noticed that her mother was sleeping with her mouth open. Her face looked like that of a corpse. She suddenly realised that her mother had become very old.
(d) The realisation that her mother had grown very old was painful because it brought with it the distressing thought that she was also nearing her death, whose cruel hands would separate the poet from her mother.

Question.4. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
…….and
looked but soon
put that thought away and
looked out at young
trees sprinting,
the merry children spilling
out of their homes,………..
(a) Name the poem and the poet.
(b) What did the poet realise? How did she feel?
(c) What did she do then?
(d) What did she notice in the world outside?
Answer. (a) The name of the poem is ‘My Mother at Sixty-Six’ and the poet is Kamala Das.
(b) The poet realised that her mother was getting old and was nearing her impending death. She felt afraid of losing her mother, the same fear which she used to face in her childhood.
(c) The poet at once turned her face away from the harsh reality and looked out of the window to divert her mind.
(d) The poet.saw green trees sprinting by. She also saw a group of children who were exuberant, enthusiastic and were merrily coming out of their houses.

Question.5. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
…………….and felt that old
familiar ache, my childhood’s fear,
but all I said was, see you soon, Amma,
all I did was smile and smile and smile
(a) What was the childhood fear that now troubled the poet?
(b) What do the poet’s parting words suggest?
(c) Why did the poet smile and smile?
(d) Explain, “that old familiar ache.” (Delhi 2009; Modified)
Answer. (a) As a child the poet was insecure about losing her mother and the same fear has come again now when her mother has grown old.
(b) The poet, while parting, smiled and said to her mother that she would see her soon. This expression of her suggests that though she was aware that her mother was quite old and weak, yet she could not do anything about it. She could not even communicate her true feelings to her mother.
(c) The poet smiled and smiled only because she wanted to hide her fears from her mother. She was reassuring herself and also her mother that they would meet again.
(d) “That old familiar ache” refers to the agony and pain of separation from her mother that the poet felt in her childhood, as she feared that she might iose her mother.

Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks, 30-40 Words)

Question.1. How does Kamala Das try to put away the thoughts of her ageing mother? (Delhi 2014; Modified)
Answer. Kamala Das finds the thoughts of her ageing mother very painful and disturbing. It is hard for her to accept the fact of her mother growing old, as it brings back to her mind her childhood fear of losing her mother. She makes a deliberate effort to drive or put away such thoughts by looking out of the moving car, at the trees ‘sprinting’ and the joyful young children rushing out of their homes.

Question.2. What was the poet’s childhood fear? (All India 2014)
or
What were Kamala Das, fears as a child? Why do they surface when she is going to the airport? (All India 2011)
Answer. As a child Kamala Das was insecure about losing her mother just as all young children often are. The same feelings are evoked inside her while she is on the way to the airport, as she sees her mother’s pale face, which is a sign of her old age and impending death.

Question.3. What do the parting words of Kamala Das and her smile signify? (Compartment 2014)
or
What do the parting words of the poet and her smile signify? (All India 2010)
Answer. The poet’s parting words and her smile are a facade to hide her feelings of insecurity. The pale and senile appearance of her mother brings back her childhood fear of losing her mother. She can definitely experience the pangs of separation, yet she bids her farewell in a pleasant manner. She reassures her mother that all will be well and they would meet again.

Question.4. Why has the poet’s mother been compared to the “late winter’s moon”? (Delhi 2013)
or
Why has Kamala Das compared her mother to a “late winter’s moon”? (Foreign 2011)
Answer. The poet has used this simile as ‘the late winter’s moon’ looks too hazy and lacks brightness and lustre. Similarly, the mother, who is now sixty-six, is pale and has a shrunken and ashen face. She is devoid of the effervescence and exhilaration of youth.

Question.5. Why are the young trees described as ‘sprinting’? (Delhi 2012,2010)
Answer. The poet is travelling in a speeding car and the roadside trees seem speeding past or sprinting in the opposite direction. The poet has contrasted the ‘young trees’ which are moving fast to her mother, who is old and slow.

Question.6. What were the poet’s feelings at the airport? How did she hide them? (All India 2012)
Answer. The poet was torn apart by the feeling whether she would see her mother alive the next time or not. She hid her feelings by smiling reassuringly at her mother.

Question.7. What do the parting words of the poet Kamala Das to her mother signify? (All India 2012,2009,2008)
Answer. The parting words of Kamala Das to her mother signify her anxiety and fear about her mother’s frail health. They also express the hope that her mother would survive till they meet again. .

Question.8. Why has the poet brought in the image of the merry children spilling out of their homes? (Foreign 2008)
Answer. The young children spilling out of their homes represent the exuberance and vigour of youth. They are in complete contrast to the poet’s mother. Perhaps the poet has used the image to bring out the pangs of old age.

Important Questions for Class 12 English