CBSE Previous Year Solved Papers Class 12 Chemistry Delhi 2015

CBSE Previous Year Solved  Papers  Class 12 Chemistry Delhi 2015

Time allowed: 3 hours                                                                                      Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

  1. All questions are compulsory.
  2. Questions number 1 to 5 are very short-answer questions and carry 1 mark each.
  3. Questions number 6 to 10 are short-answer questions and carry 2 marks each.
  4. Questions number 11 to 22 are also short-answer questions and carry 3 marks each.
  5. Questions number 23 is a value based question and carry 4 marks.
  6. Questions number 24 to 26 are long-answer questions and carry 5 marks each.
  7. Use log tables, if necessary. Use of calculators is not allowed.

SET I

Question.1. What is the basicity of H3PO4 ?
Answer : H3POhas three ionisable hydrogen atoms. Hence, its basicity is 3.
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Question.2. Write the IUPAC name of the given compound :
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Question.3. Which would undergo SN2 reaction faster in the following pair and why ?
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Answer : Primary alkyl halides will undergo SN2 reactions faster than tertiary alkyl halides because of less steric hindrance experienced by the approaching nucleophile. Hence, out of the given pair, primary alkyl halide (CH3CH2Br) would undergo SN2 reaction faster.

Question.4. Out of BaCl2 and KCl, which one is more effective in causing coagulation of a negatively charged colloidal Sol ? Give reason.
Answer : According to the Hardy-Schulze rule, greater the valency of a flocculating ion, the greater is its power to cause precipitation. Between Ba2+ (from BaCl2) and K+ (from KCl), Ba2+ has greater valency. Therefore, BaCl2 will be more effective in causing the coagulation of a negatively charged colloidal sol.

Question.5. What is the formula of a compound in which the element Y forms ccp lattice and atoms of X occupy 1/3 rd of tetrahedral voids ?
cbse-previous-year-solved-papers-class-12-chemistry-delhi-2015-4

Question.6. What are the transition elements ? Write two characteristics of the transition elements.
Answer : Elements which in their ground state or in any of their oxidation state have partially filled d-orbital. The name ‘transition given to the elements of d-block is only because of their position between d-block and p-block elements.
The two characteristics of transition elements are :
(i) They show variable oxidation states.
(ii) They generally form coloured compounds.

Question.7. (i) Write down the IUPAC name of the following complex: [Cr(NH3)2Cl2(en)]Cl (en = ethylenediamine)
(ii) Write the formula for the following complex : Pentaamminenitrito-o-Cobalt(III).
Answer:
(i) Diamminedichloridethylenediaminchromium(III) chloride.
(ii) [Co(NH3)5(ONO)]2+.

Question.8. Name the reagents used in the following reactions :
cbse-previous-year-solved-papers-class-12-chemistry-delhi-2015-5
Answer:
(i) Sodium borohydride (NaBH4)
(ii) Alkaline potassium permanganate (KMnO4 – KOH).

Question.9. What is meant by positive deviations from Raoult’s law ? Give an example. What is the sign of ∆mixH for positive deviation ?
OR
Define azeotropes. What type of azeotrope is formed by positive deviation from Raoult’s law ? Give an example.
Answer : Positive deviation from Rauolt’s law means that the observed vapour pressure is greater than expected, and It occur A — B attractions are weaker than the average of the attractions in the pure component of the mixture. For example : A mixture of ethanol and acetone shows a positive deviation from Raoult s law.
In case of solutions showing positive deviations, absorption of heat takes palce; i.e., ∆mixH has a positive (+) sign.
OR
Azeotropes are the binary mixtures which have the same composition in liquid and vapour phases and boil at a constant temperature.
A minimum-boiling azeotrope is formed by solutions showing a large positive deviation from Raoult s law at a specific composition.
Example : C2H5OH + H20 (An ethanol-water mixture)

Question.10. (a) Following reactions occur at cathode during the electrolysis of aqueous silver chloride solution :
cbse-previous-year-solved-papers-class-12-chemistry-delhi-2015-6
On the basis of their standard reduction electrode potential (E°) values, which reaction is feasible at the cathode and why ? 
(b) Define limiting molar conductivity. Why conductivity of an electrolyte solution decreases with decrease in concentration ?
Answer : The relationship between the standard free energy change and emf of a cell reaction is given by : ∆G° = -nFE°
Thus, more positive the standard reduction potential of a reaction, the more negative is the standard free energy change associated with the process and, consequently, the higher is the feasibility of the reaction.
Since E°Ag+/Ag has a greater positive value than E°H+/H, the reaction which is feasible at the cathode is given by
Ag+ (aq)+ e ——> Ag(s)
(b) The limiting molar conductivity of an electrolyte is defined as its molar conductivity when the concentration of the electrolyte in the solution approaches zero.
The conductivity of an electrolyte solution is the conductance of ions present in a unit volume of the solution. The number of ions (responsible for carrying current) decreases when the solution is diluted or the concentration is decreased. As a result, the conductivity of an electrolyte solution decreases with the decrease in concentration.

Question.11. 3.9 g of benzoic acid dissolved in 49 g of benzene shows a depression in freezing point of 1.62 K. Calculate the Van’t Hoff factor and predict the nature of solute (associated or dissociated). (Given s Molar mass of benzoic acid = 122 g mol-1, Kf for benzene = 4.9 K kg mol-1)
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Question.12. (i) Indicate the principle behind the method used for the refining of zinc.
(ii) What is the role of silica in the extraction of copper ?
(iii) Which from of the iron is the purest form of commercial iron ?
Answer : (i) Zinc is a metal having low boiling point and it is refined by distillation method which is used for-metals having low boiling points.
(ii) During extraction of Copper, FeS or FeO is present as impurity hence Si02 is added as flux to form silicate (slag) which can be removed easily as it floats over molten copper (Cu)
cbse-previous-year-solved-papers-class-12-chemistry-delhi-2015-9
(iii) Wrought iron is purest form of commercial iron.

Question.13. An element with molar mass 27 g mol-1 forms a cubic unit cell with edge length 4.05 x 10-8cm. If its density is 2.7 g cm-3, what is the nature of the cubic unit cell ?
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Since the number of atoms in the unit cell is 4, the given cubic unit cell hats a face-centred cubic (fcc) or cubic-closed packed (ccp) structure.

Question.14. (a) How would you account for the following:
(i) Actinoid contraction is greater than lanthanoid contraction.
(ii) Transition metals form coloured compounds.
(b) Complete the following equation :
cbse-previous-year-solved-papers-class-12-chemistry-delhi-2015-12
Answer : (a) (i) The 5 f-orbitals (in case of actinoids) have a poorer shielding effect than 4 f-orbitals (in lanthanoids). Thus, the effective nuclear charge experienced by electrons in valence shells in case of actinoids is much more than that experienced by electrons in valence shells in case of lanthanoids. Hence, the size contraction in actinoids is greater than that in lanthanoids. (ii) In the presence of ligands, the d-orbitals of transition metal ions split up into two sets of orbitals having different energies. Thus, the transition of electrons takes place from one set to another. The energy required for these transitions is quite less and falls in the visible region of radiation. The ions of transition metals absorb the radiation of a particular wavelength and the rest is reflected, imparting colour to the solution.
cbse-previous-year-solved-papers-class-12-chemistry-delhi-2015-13

Question.15. (i) Draw the geometrical isomers of complex [Pt(NH3)2Cl2].
(ii) On the basis of crystal field theory, write the electronic configuration for ft ion if ∆0 < P.(iii) Write the hybridization and magnetic behaviour of the complex [Ni(CO)4].
(At.no. of Ni = 28).
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cbse-previous-year-solved-papers-class-12-chemistry-delhi-2015-15
Carbonyl, CO being a strong field ligand causes the pairing of up valence electrons in the Ni atom against the Hund’s Rule of Maximum Multiplicity. This results in the formation of an inner orbital complex, [Ni(CO)4] . Since the complex [Ni(CO)4] has no unpaired electron, it is diamagnetic in nature and posses tetrahedral shape.

Question.16. Calculate emf of the following cell at 25°C :
cbse-previous-year-solved-papers-class-12-chemistry-delhi-2015-16

Question.17. Give reasons for the following observations :
(i) Leather gets hardened after tanning.
(ii) Lyophilic sol is more stable than lyophobic sol.
(iii) It is necessary to remove CO when ammonia is prepared by Haber’s process.
Answer : (i) Animal skin (hide) is colloidal in nature and has postively charged colloidal particles. When a hide is soaked in tanning, mutual coagulation takes place and as a result, leather get hardened.
(ii) The stability of lyophillic solution is depend on the result of two factors, the presence of a charge and the solvation of colloide particles. On the other hand, the stability of lyophobic solutions is only because of the presence of a charge. Thus, lyophilic solution is more stable than lyophobic solution due to the extensive solvation.
(iii) It is necessary to remove CO when ammnioa is prepared by Haber’s process because in this process the CO act as a poison and adversely affects the activity of iron catalyst, used in the process.

Question.18. Write the names and structures of the monomers of the following polymers:
(i) Nylon-6, 6
(ii) PHBV
(iii) Neoprene.
Answer:
cbse-previous-year-solved-papers-class-12-chemistry-delhi-2015-17

Question.19. Predict the products of the following reactions :
cbse-previous-year-solved-papers-class-12-chemistry-delhi-2015-18

Question.20. How do you convert the following:
(i) Phenol to anisole
(ii) Propan 2-ol to 2-methylpropan-2-ol
(iii) Aniline to phenol
OR
(a) Write the mechanism of the following reaction :
cbse-previous-year-solved-papers-class-12-chemistry-delhi-2015-19
(b) Write the equation involved in the acetylation of Salicyclic acid.
cbse-previous-year-solved-papers-class-12-chemistry-delhi-2015-20
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Question.21. (i) Which one of the following is a disaccharide : Starch, Maltose, Fructose, Glucose ?
(ii) What is the difference between fibrous protein and globular protein ?
(iii) Write the name of vitamin whose deficiency causes
bone deformities in children.
Answer : (i) Maltose is a disaccharide, as it contains a-D- glucose units.
cbse-previous-year-solved-papers-class-12-chemistry-delhi-2015-23
(iii) The deficiency that causes bone deformities in children is vitamin D.

Question.22. Give reasons:
(a) n-Butyl bromide has higher boiling point than t-butyl bromide.
(b) Racemic mixture is optically inactive.
(c) The presence of nitro group (-N02) at o/p positions increases the reactivity of haloarenes towards nucleophilic substitution reactions.
Answer: (a) n-butyl bromide is a straight chain molecule having larger surface area and therefore, has stronger intermolecular forces. On the other hand, butyl bromide (CH3)3 CBr is branched molecule, so it has a smaller surface area. Hence, it has weaker intermolecular force.
(b) Racemic mixture is an equimolar solution of two enantiomers (d and / forms) and thus, the rotation due to one isomer is cancelled by the rotation due to another. Therefore, it has zero optical rotation and hence, it is optically inactive.
(c) This is because nitro group (-N02) at o/p positions withdraw the electrons from the benzene ring. The reduced electron density at o/p positions for haloarenes facilitate the attack of nucleophile. The negative charge in the Carbanion formed, at o/p positions will respect to halogen atom is stabilised through and the presence of nitro groups (N02) respectively.

Question.23. Mr. Roy, the principal of one reputed school organized a seminar in which he invited parents and . principals to discuss the serious issue of diabetes and depression in students. They all resolved this issue by strictly banning the junk food in school and to introduce healthy snacks and drinks like soup, lassi, milk etc. in school canteens. They also decided to make compulsory half an hour physical activities for the students in the morning assembly daily. After six months, Mr. Roy conducted the health survey in most of the schools and discovered a tremendous improvement in the health of students.
After reading the above passage, answer the following:
(i) What are the values (at least two, displayed by Mr. Roy ?
(ii) As a student, how can you spread awareness about this issue ?
(iii) What are tranquilizers 1 Give an example.
(iv) Why is use of aspartame limited to cold foods and drinks ?
Answer : (i) Mr. Roy showed concern for the health of the student; and Caring in nature and aware towards the harmful effect of junk food.
(ii) As i student, I can spread awareness regarding diabetes and depression among students by conducting seminars, health camps, debates, distribution of pamphets, and workshops by doctors. To highlight the needs to follow healthy eating.
(iii) Tranquilizers are neurologically active drugs that induce a sense of well being and are used to treat stress, anxiety and mild or severe mental disease. They perform their function by inhibiting the message transfer mechanism from nerve to receptor e.g., equanil, meprobamate and iproniazid etc.
(iv) Because aspartame is unstable at cooking temperature.

Question.24. (a) Account for the the following :
(i) Adding character increases from HF to HI.
(ii) There is large difference between melting and boiling points of oxygen and sulphur.
(iii) Nitrogen does not form pentahalide.
(b) Draw the structures of the following:
(i) ClF3
(ii) XeF4 ,
OR
(i) Which allotrope of phosphorus is more reactive and why ?
(ii) How the supersonic jet aeroplanes are responsible for the depletion of ozone layers ?
(iii) F2 has lower bond dissociation enthalpy than Cl2. Why?
(iv Which noble gas is used in filling balloons for meteorological observations ?
(v) Complete the equation : XeF2 + PF5
Answer : (a) (i) The acidic strength of the hydrohalic acids increases from HF to HI because the stability of the acids decreases from HF to HI on account of decrease in bond dissociation enthalpy of H — X bond from HF to HI.
(ii) The difference in melting point and boiling point of oxygen and sulphur is due to the difference in their atomicities oxygen exists as a diatomic (02) molecule, while sulphur exists as a polyatomic (S8) molecule and also oxygen is small in size and have high electro negativities.
(iii) Being an element of second period, Nitrogen has no ‘d’ orbitals and its maximum covalency is restricted to four. Hence, due to the non-availability of d-orbitals, it can’t form pentahalides.
cbse-previous-year-solved-papers-class-12-chemistry-delhi-2015-24
OR
(i) White phosphorus is most reactive of all the allotropes of phosphorus. It is because it exists as P4 discrete tetrahedral units with 60° angle, which results in angular strain and makes it highly reactive.
cbse-previous-year-solved-papers-class-12-chemistry-delhi-2015-25
(ii) Since supersonic jets fly in the stratosphere near the ozone layer, they are responsible for the depletion of ozone layer. The oxide emitted from the exhausts of supersonic jet aeroplanes readly combine with ozone to form nitrogen dioxide and diatomic oxygen.
NO(g) + 03 (g) ——> NO2 (g) + 02 (g)
(iii) The size of a fluorine atom is veiy small as compared to a chlorine atom. Therefore, the repulsion between electrons in the outer most shell of the two atoms in a fluorine molecule is much greater than that in a chlorine molecule. Hence, it requires less energy to break up the fluorine molecule, making its bond dissociation energy lesser than that of chlorine molecule.
(iv) Helium, gas is used for filling of balloons for meteorological observations.
cbse-previous-year-solved-papers-class-12-chemistry-delhi-2015-26

Question.25. An aromatic compound ‘A’ of molecular formula C7H7ON undergoes a series of reactions as shown below. Write the structures of A, B, C, D and E in the following reactions.
cbse-previous-year-solved-papers-class-12-chemistry-delhi-2015-27
OR
(a) Write the structures of main products when aniline reacts with the following reagents:
(i) Br2 water
(ii) HCl
(iii) (CH3C0)20/pyridine.
(b) Arrange the following in the increasing order of their boiling point:
C2H5NH2, C2H50H, (CH3)3N
(c) Give a simple chemical test to distinguish between the following pair of compounds :
(CH3)2NH and (CH3)3N.
Answer:
cbse-previous-year-solved-papers-class-12-chemistry-delhi-2015-28
cbse-previous-year-solved-papers-class-12-chemistry-delhi-2015-29
(b) Ethanol has high boiling point then ethylamine because oxygen, being more electronegative and form Strong extensive hydrogen bond as compared to that of nitrogen. In trimethylamine there is no hydrogen and hence has the lowest boiling point.
cbse-previous-year-solved-papers-class-12-chemistry-delhi-2015-30

Question.26. For the hydrolysis of methyl acetate in aqueous solution, the following results were obtained :
cbse-previous-year-solved-papers-class-12-chemistry-delhi-2015-31
(i) Show that it follows pseudo first order reaction, as the concentration of water remains constant.
(ii) Calculate the average rate of reaction between the time interval 30 to 60 seconds.
(Given log 2 = 0.3010, log 4 = 0.6021)
OR
(a) For a reaction A + B —>P, the rate is given by
Rate = k[A] [B]2
(i) How is the rate of reaction affected if the concentration of B is doubled ?
(ii) What is the overall order of reaction if A is present in large excess ?
(b) A first order reaction takes 30 minutes for 50% completion. Calculate the time required for 90% completion of this reaction.
(log 2 = 0.3010)
Answer:
cbse-previous-year-solved-papers-class-12-chemistry-delhi-2015-32
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OR
(a) (i) Since the given reaction has order two with respect to reactant B, thus if the concentration of B is doubled in the given reaction, then the rate of reaction will become four times.
(ii) It the concentration of B is doubled i.e. , [B]2 the overall reaction will be two, because if A is present in large excess, then the reaction will be independent of the concentration of A and will be dependent only on the concentration of B. Order of reaction = 2.
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Diary Writing Worksheets Pdf For Class 4

Diary Writing Worksheets Pdf For Class 4: Format, Examples, Topics, Exercises

Diary Writing Worksheets Pdf For Class 4: Format, Examples, Topics, Exercises

Diary writing is an effective way to improve children’s writing skills and their ability to express themselves. It helps them to develop their creativity, observation skills, and self-reflection. Writing a diary can be a fun and engaging activity for children, and it can also be a great tool for teachers to assess their students’ writing abilities. In this article, we will discuss diary writing worksheets for class 4 students, including the format, examples, topics, and exercises.

Format Of Diary Writing Worksheets Pdf For Class 4:

The format of the worksheets for class 4 pupils who are writing diaries may alter depending on the teacher’s choices and the needs of the kids.

1. Date To keep track of their progress and to make it simpler to look back at earlier entries, scholars should write the date at the top of each entry.
2. Introduce yourself at the beginning of each entry with “Dear Diary” or “Hello Journal.”
3. Body: Students talk about their own experiences, opinions, feelings, and observations in relation to this subject. They should use whole sentences and interesting terminology in their writing to make it more interesting.
4. Students are free to choose how to sign off on each message, such as “Sincerely” or “Yours truly.”

Also Read: Diary Writing For Class 9

Examples Of Diary Writing Worksheets Pdf For Class 4:

Here are some examples of diary writing worksheets for class 4:

1. Write about your favorite day of the week and why you like it.
2. Describe a time when you felt really proud of yourself.
3. Write about a person who inspires you and why they are important to you.
4. Describe a place you would like to visit and why you want to go there.
5. Write about a time when you had to overcome a challenge and how you did it.

Examples Of Diary Writing Worksheets Pdf For Class 4

Topics For Diary Writing Worksheets Pdf For Class 4:

Here are some ideas for class four worksheets on diary writing:

1. My Daily Routine: Students may discuss their daily schedule, including any rituals they have for getting up and going to bed as well as any extracurricular activities they take part in.
2. My Family: Students may write about their grandparents, parents, siblings, and other family members.
3. My Hobbies: Students can discuss their interests and pastimes in their writing, such as participating in sports, reading, or sketching.
4. My School: Students can discuss their school in their writing, mentioning their favorite classes, professors, and friends.
5. My Community: In this section, students might write about their town, city, or neighborhood.

Exercises For Diary Writing Worksheets Pdf For Class 4:

Here are some exercises for diary writing worksheets for class 4:

1. Write a diary entry about your favorite thing to do on the weekends.
2. Write a diary entry about a time when you felt nervous or scared.
3. Write a diary entry about a time when you felt proud of yourself.
4. Write a diary entry about your favorite subject in school and why you enjoy it.
5. Write a diary entry about a time when you helped someone else.

Conclusion On Diary Writing Worksheets Pdf For Class 4:

Diary writing is an effective way to improve class 4 students’ writing skills and their ability to express themselves. Diary writing worksheets can provide a structure for students to follow, and exercises and topics can help to inspire their writing. Diary writing can be a fun and engaging activity for students, and it can also be a useful tool for teachers to assess their students’ writing abilities.

Essay Writing For Class 2

Essay Writing For Class 2: Format, Examples, Topics, Exercises

Essay Writing For Class 2: Format, Examples, Topics, Exercises

As children progress through their academic years, they will be expected to develop their writing skills. One of the essential writing skills is essay writing. At the Class 2 level, essay writing may seem like a daunting task, but it is an excellent way for children to develop their communication, research, and critical thinking skills. In this article, we will cover the format, examples, topics, and exercises for essay writing for Class 2 students.

Format For Essay Writing For Class 2:

The preface is the first paragraph of the essay, and it should snare the anthology’s attention. However, the basic structure of an essay includes an introduction, body, and conclusion.

Introduction:
The preface is the first paragraph of the essay, and it should snare the anthology’s attention. It should provide some background information on the topic and present the thesis statement, which is the main idea of the essay.

Body:
The body of the essay is where the writer presents their arguments and supporting evidence. Each paragraph should focus on a single idea or point and provide evidence to support it.

Conclusion:
The conclusion is the final paragraph of the essay, and it should epitomize the main points of the essay and translate the thesis statement.

Also Read: Essay Writing Topics For Class 5

Examples Of Essay Writing For Class 2:

Here are some illustrations of Class 2 student essays:

My preferred animal is:

A dog is my favorite animal. Dogs are devoted, sociable, and entertaining to be around. They are wonderful pets and may be taught to perform a variety of tasks.

My preferred cuisine:

Pizza is my favorite food. The combo of garbage, tomato sauce, and seasonings is my favorite. The ideal comfort food is this.

Examples Of Essay Writing For Class 2

Topics For Essay Writing For Class 2:

Here are some topics for essay writing for Class 2 students:

My Hobbies:

Write about your pursuits and why you enjoy them.

My Dream Vacation:

Write about your dream vacation destination and what you would do there.

My Favorite Book:

Write about your favorite book and why you enjoyed reading it.

My School:

Write about your school an

d what you like most about it.

My Favorite Sport:

Write about your favorite sport and why you enjoy playing or watching it.

Exercises For Essay Writing For Class 2:

The following activities can help Class 2 students become better essay writers:

Brainstorming:

Encourage them to generate as many concepts as they can.

Outlining:

Ask pupils to create an outline for their essay after they’ve selected a topic. They can organize their research and ideas with the aid of this.

Create a Draught:

A first draught of the essay should be written by the pupils. Encourage them to avoid focusing too much on grammar and spelling and instead concentrate on putting their ideas down on paper.

Revision and editing:

Request that students modify and revise their papers. Encourage them to seek out opportunities to make their writing better, for as by including additional specifics or using more evocative language.

Conclusion On Essay Writing For Class 2:

Essay writing is an important skill that Class 2 students need to develop at an early age. It helps them to express their thoughts and ideas clearly and develop critical thinking and research skills. By following the tips and exercises in this article, students can improve their essay-writing skills and become more confident writers.

Diary Writing For Class 7

Diary Writing For Class 7: Format, Examples, Topics, Exercises

Diary Writing For Class 7: Format, Examples, Topics, Exercises

Diary writing is an important skill that students must learn as it allows them to express their thoughts, feelings, and experiences in a personal and private way. Writing a diary can also improve students’ writing skills, increase their self-awareness, and help them reflect on their experiences. In this article, we will discuss the format, examples, topics, and exercises for diary writing for class 7 students.

Format Of Diary Writing For Class 7:

The format for diary writing is simple and can be easily understood by class 7 students. The following is a basic format for diary writing:

1. Date – The date should be written at the top of each entry.
2. Greeting – This can be addressed to oneself or to the diary itself.
3. Body – This is where the writer can record their experiences, thoughts, and emotions.
4. Closing – This can be a simple sign-off or a way to summarize the entry.

Also Read: Diary Writing For Class 9

Examples Of Diary Writing For Class 7:

Here are some examples of diary entries for class 7 students:

Example 1:

Date: 06/05/2023

Dear Diary,

Today was a fun day. I went to the park with my friends and we played some games. We even had a picnic with some delicious food. It was nice to spend some time outdoors and away from my screen.

Until next time,
[Your Name]

Example 2:

Date: 07/05/2023

Dear Diary,

Today was a tough day. I had a fight with my best friend and it really upset me. I felt like everything was going wrong and I didn’t know what to do. However, I talked to my mom about it and she gave me some great advice. I feel a little better now and I hope things get better soon.

Sincerely,
[Your Name]

Examples Of Diary Writing For Class 7

Topics For Diary Writing For Class 7:

Here are some topics for class 7 students to write about in their diary:

1. My favorite book/movie/TV show
2. A day in my life
3. My biggest accomplishment
4. My favorite hobby
5. My family
6. My friends
7. My goals and dreams
8. A challenge I overcame
9. A mistake I learned from
10. Something that made me happy/sad/angry

Exercises For Diary Writing For Class 7:

Here are some exercises for class 7 students to practice their diary writing skills:

1. Write about a time when you felt proud of yourself.
2. Write about a time when you felt scared or anxious.
3. Write about a happy memory from your childhood.
4. Write about your favorite place in the world.
5. Write about a time when you had to stand up for yourself or someone else.

Conclusion On Diary Writing For Class 7:

Diary writing is an important skill for class 7 students as it can help them improve their writing skills, increase their self-awareness, and allow them to reflect on their experiences. By following the simple format and tips outlined in this article, students can begin to develop their own unique style of diary writing and benefit from the therapeutic effects it can provide.

Dialogue Writing For Class 8

Dialogue Writing For Class 8 Format, Examples, Topics, Exercises

Dialogue Writing For Class 8 Format, Examples, Topics, Exercises

Dialogue writing is a crucial part of the English language curriculum for students of Class 8. It helps them develop communication skills, understand different perspectives, and express themselves better. In this article, we’ll discuss the format of dialogue writing, provide examples, suggest topics, and offer exercises to help students improve their dialogue writing skills.

Format Of Dialogue Writing For Class 8:

To make it easier for albums to grasp who is speaking, what they are saying, and how they are expressing it, dialogue notation adheres to a set format.

  • A dash and a space are used to denote each character’s dialogue. For instance:

“Hello, how are you doing?” says John.
I’m doing fine, thanks, Mary. How are you doing?

  • To describe a character’s speech pattern, dialogue tags like “said,” “asked,” “shouted,” and “whispered” might be used. For instance:
John –” I can’t believe it’s formerly Monday,” he said.
” I know, the weekend went by way too snappily,” Mary admitted.
  • A new paragraph begins each time a new character enters the scene. For instance:

I can’t believe it’s formerly Monday, said John.
Mary acknowledged that the weekend passed far too quickly.

Also Read: Dialogue Writing In English Class 12 

Examples Of Dialogue Writing For Class 8:

Here are some examples of dialogue writing to help you understand the format and structure:

Example 1:

Lily – “What are you doing today?”

Tom – I’m taking my friends to the demesne to play basketball. Would you like to attend?”

Lily – “Sure, that sounds like fun. What time?”

Tom – “We’re meeting at noon. See you there!”

Example 2:

Father – “How was school today?”

Son – “It was okay. We had a math test that was pretty hard.”

Father – “Did you study enough?”

Son – ” I allowed I did, but some of the questions were really tricky.”

Father-” Well, if you need any help, let me know.

Example 3:

Interviewer – ” Tell me about a time when you had to break a delicate problem.”

Candidate – ” Well, at my former job, we had a client who was unhappy with the service they were entering.

Interviewer – “How did you handle the situation?”

Candidate – ” I took the time to hear to the client’s enterprises and came up with a plan to address them.

Examples Of Dialogue Writing For Class 8

Topics For Dialogue Writing For Class 8:

Coming up with topics for dialogue writing can be challenging, especially for students who are just starting. Here are some topic ideas to help them get started:

1. A conversation between two friends about their favorite hobbies
2. An argument between a parent and a child about curfew
3. A job interview between an employer and a job applicant
4. A negotiation between two business partners
5. A conversation between two classmates about a school project
6. A discussion between a teacher and a student about an assignment
7. A conversation between two strangers on a train
8. A debate between two political candidates
9. A conversation between a doctor and a patient about a medical issue
10. An interview between a journalist and a celebrity

Exercises To Improve Dialogue Writing For Class 8:

Practicing dialogue writing is crucial to improve your skills. Here are some exercises that students can do to improve their dialogue writing abilities:

1. Write a conversation between two characters where one character is trying to convince the other to do something they don’t want to do.
2. Write a dialogue where two characters are having a heated argument.
3. Write a conversation between two characters who have just met for the first time.
4. Write a dialogue where one character is trying to apologize to the other for something they did wrong.
5. Write a conversation where one character is trying to comfort another who is upset.

Conclusion On Dialogue Writing For Class 8:

Dialogue writing is an essential skill for students to develop, as it helps them express themselves better, understand different perspectives, and develop communication skills. By following the correct format, using appropriate punctuation, and varying sentence length, students can write effective and engaging dialogues that advance the plot and develop the characters.

Letter Writing Class 10 Term 2

Letter Writing Class 10 Term 2 Format, Examples, Topics, Exercises

Letter Writing Class 10 Term 2 Format, Examples, Topics, Exercises

Although letter writing has become less popular in the era of digital communication, it is still a valuable skill that every student should learn. Students in Class 10 learn how to write letters as part of their coursework and as a life skill that will serve them well throughout their careers. This post will go over the format, themes, samples, and writing exercises that will assist Class 10 students in creating strong letters for Term 2.

Format Of A Letter Writing Class 10 Term 2:

• What’s the format of a formal letter?
• What’s the format of an informal letter?
• How should I format my address on a letter?
• How should I start a letter off?
• What’s the purpose of a subject line in a letter?

Also Read: Writing Leave Letter To Class Teacher

Examples Of Letter Writing Class 10 Term 2:

• Formal letter example: Writing a letter to the editor
• Informal letter example: Writing a letter to a friend
• Business letter example: Writing a complaint letter to a company

Examples Of Letter Writing Class 10 Term 2

Topics For Letter Writing Class 10 Term 2:

• Writing a letter to a local council about a community issue
• Writing a letter to a school principal about a student issue
• Writing a letter to a friend about a recent trip or event
• Writing a letter to a company about a faulty product
• Writing a letter to a newspaper editor about a social issue

Exercises For Letter Writing Class 10 Term 2:

• Write a formal letter to the Principal of your school, requesting a leave of absence
• Write an informal letter to your friend, inviting them to your birthday party
• Write a business letter to a company, complaining about a defective product
• Write a formal letter to a government official, about a social issue in your community

Conclusion On Letter Writing Class 10 Term 2:

It not only helps in effective communication, but it also helps in developing critical thinking and problem-solving skills. With the right format, examples, topics, and exercises, Class 10 students can learn to write effective letters.

Email Writing For Class 5

Email Writing for Class 5: Format, Examples, Topics, and Exercises 

Email Writing for Class 5: Format, Examples, Topics, and Exercises

Email is a vital form of communication in the modern digital era. It is quick, practical, and economical. Email writing is a critical skill that school kids must grasp. We’ll provide you with a thorough tutorial on email writing for Class 5 pupils in this article. We’ll go over the structure, concrete examples, subject lines, and writing activities that will help them become better email writers.

Format Of An Email Writing For Class 5:

Let’s first comprehend the fundamental structure of an email prior to moving on to the examples and activities. The following components are found in an email:

Subject Line:
The email’s content is briefly summarised in the subject line. It must be succinct and convey to the reader the main points of the email.

Salutation:
The email’s opening phrase is known as the salutation. When addressing the addressee, use a formal salutation like “Dear Mrs. Smith” or “Hello John.”

Body:
The dispatch’s main content is contained in the body. It must be precise, short, and to the point. also, it should have a solid structure with applicable paragraph distance.

Closing:
The closure marks the conclusion of the email. It should be formal and conclude with a salutation like “Best regards” or “Sincerely.”

Signature:
The sender’s name, contact information, and any other pertinent information are included in the signature.

Also Read: Email Writing For Class 10

Examples Of Email Writing For Class 5:

Let’s look at some samples to help Class 5 pupils comprehend the structure and format of an email.

Writing an email to a teacher, as in Example 1.

The subject of Meeting Request

Greetings, Mrs. Jones

I’m writing to ask for a meeting so we can talk about how I’m doing in class. I want to go over some of the ideas we have been learning in more detail with you because I have been having trouble with them.

If there is a time that would be suitable for us to meet, do let me know. On Monday, Wednesday, and Friday after school, I’m available. I appreciate your time and am forward to hearing from you.

best wishes
Smith, Samantha
Student in Grade 5 at ABC School (555-1234)

Example 2: Sending a Friend an Email

Invitation to a Birthday Party, subject

hello Sarah

I hope all is okay with you. You are cordially invited to my birthday party on Saturday, which I just wanted to let you know about. We’ll be serving cake, pizza, and a tonne of entertaining games.

Please let me know if you’re able to attend, and I’ll tell you the location and time.

Be careful,
Jessica 555-5678

Examples Of Email Writing For Class 5

Topics For Email Writing For Class 5

To help Class 5 students practice their email writing skills, here are some topics that they can use as exercises:

1. Writing an email to a teacher about a homework assignment
2. Writing an email to a friend about a favorite hobby
3. Writing an email to a family member about a recent vacation
4. Writing an email to a classmate to invite them to a school event
5. Writing an email to a pen pal in a different country

Exercises For Email Writing For Class 5:

Here are some exercises that Class 5 students can complete practicing writing emails:

1. Send your teacher an email requesting clarification on a subject you didn’t comprehend in class.
2. Send a friend an email asking them to spend the night at your house.
3. Send a family member an email to express your gratitude for a gift they sent you.
4. Send a teacher an email asking for additional credit assignments to raise your grade.
5. Send an email to a fellow student requesting assistance with a group project.

Conclusion On Email Writing For Class 5:

For students in Class 5, the capacity to compose emails is essential. By learning the principles of email format and practicing with various themes and tasks, students can improve their email writing skills and feel more confident when communicating with others via email.

Message Writing For Class 11

Message Writing For Class 11: Format, Examples, Topics, Exercises

Message Writing For Class 11: Format, Examples, Topics, Exercises

Everything you require to know about message writing for class 11 will be covered in this post. We’ll go over the structure, themes, examples, and tasks to help you master message writing.

Format Of Message Writing For Class 11:

Salutation:
The salutation serves as the communication’s first line of a textbook. A sanctioned salutation with the philanthropist’s title and last name is applicable for formal communication.

Body of the Communication:
The communication’s body should be terse and straightforward. It should be complete with all applicable details and logically structured. Formal communication should be written in a formal tone and with formal language. When transferring informal communication, the wording and tone can be more relaxed.

Complimentary Close:
The communication’s final expression is known as the complimentary close. The felicitating ending in formal communication should be polite and indicate thanks or appreciation. Say commodity like,” unfeignedly,” or” Thank you for your time.” The completing close in a casual communication can be more relaxed and convey affection or humor.” Love,” for case, or” See you soon!”

Also Read: Message Writing for Class 6 

Examples Of Message Writing For Class 11:

Informal Messages:

1. Hey Jane, just wanted to check in and see how you’re doing. Hope everything is going well.
2. Hi Mark, just wanted to remind you about our meeting tomorrow at 2 pm. Looking forward to seeing you then.
3. Yo dude, want to grab some pizza later? Let me know if you’re free.

Formal Messages:

1. Dear Mr. Smith, I’m writing to interrogate about the job opening at your company. I’ve attached my capsule and cover letter for your consideration.
2. To Whom It May Concern, I’m writing to inform you of an issue I’m passing with your product.
3. Dear Professor Johnson, I’m writing to request an extension on the deadline for the exploration paper. I’ve encountered some unlooked-for circumstances that have averted me from completing the paper on time.

Examples Of Message Writing For Class 11

Topics For Message Writing For Class 11:

Informal Topics:

1. Inviting a friend to a party
2. Checking in on a family member
3. Sharing exciting news with a friend
4. Apologizing for a mistake
5. Congratulating someone on an achievement

Formal Topics:

1. Applying for a job
2. Requesting information from a company
3. Making a complaint to a company
4. Requesting a meeting with someone in authority
5. Acknowledging receipt of a document

Exercises For Message Writing For Class 11:

Informal Exercises:

1. Send a friend a text message asking them to hang out over the weekend.
2. Send a birthday greeting in writing to a member of the family.
3. Send a message to a fellow student requesting their notes from the most recent lesson.
4. Congratulate a friend on landing a new job in a letter to them.
5. Express regret for neglecting a friend’s birthday in a letter.

Formal Exercises:

1. Send an email to a business asking for details about a good or service.
2. Send an email to a professor requesting an extension on a due date.
3. Send an email to a business complaining about a subpar product.
4. Send an email to a business asking for a meeting with a senior executive.
5. Send a note to a business confirming receipt of a document.

Conclusion On Message Writing For Class 11:

Writing messages is a crucial talent that everyone should possess. No matter if you are writing an official or casual message, it is crucial to employ the right structure, wording, and tone. You should be well on your way to mastering message writing if you use the examples, subjects, and activities in this article.

Letter of Request Class 12 Format, Examples, Samples, Topics

Letter of Request Class 12 Format, Examples, Samples, Topics

Looking for an easy way to learn English Grammar? then you are in right place. Here we providing basic English Grammar topics like Tenses Verbs, Nouns, etc…

Letter of Request Class 12 Format, Examples, Samples, Topics

Letters of Request Format

Address Given
Or
Examination Hall
Date
Designation of the authority concerned
Name of department
Address
Dear Sir
SubjectBody of letter
  • Introduction
  • Request for – What is required and why?
  • Statement of showing gratitude.

Yours faithfully
Name

Letter of Request Questions with Answers Class 12 CBSE

Question 1.
You are living in a village along a national highway. The state roadways bus does not stop near your village. Write a letter in 120 – 150 words to the General Manager, State Roadways, requesting a bus stop for your village. Give all the reasons why you need a bus stop there. You are Omar/ Amna, Gopalpur, Dist. Ramnagar.
Answer:
House No 32
Gopalpur
District: Ram Nagar
Uttar Pradesh XXXXXX
20 March 2017
The General Manager
State Roadways
Gopalpur Depot
District: Ram Nagar
Uttar Pradesh XXXXXX

Dear Sir
Subject: Requirement of a bus stop

I am a resident of Gopalpur village and would like to bring to your notice that no state roadways bus stops near our village. Poor villagers have to walk nearly four kilometres every day to catch the bus from the nearest bus stop. It pains me to see the old and the sick walking in the scorching heat the distance to catch a bus. The other day an ailing child lost his life because too much time was wasted in commuting before he could be admitted to the hospital.

I request you to get a stop at my village which is along the national highway to alleviate the sufferings of the poor illiterate villagers. We shall remain grateful to you for this action.

Yours faithfully
Airina

Question 2.
You are Principal, Kendriya Vidyalaya, Ramnagar. The number of students in the computer class is increasing. Next year starting in April 2017, you will need 25 more computers in your lab. Write a letter in 120 – 150 words to the Commissioner, K.V. Sangathan asking for funds.
Answer:
Kendriya Vidyalaya
Ram Nagar
Uttar Pradesh XXXXXX
21 March 20XX
The Commissioner
K.V. Sangathan
Old JNU Road
New Delhi 1100XX

Dear Sir
Subject: Request for release of funds

I would like to inform you that our school is growing by leaps and bounds and this year also as in the past, the number of students in the computer class has increased. In the coming session starting from April 20XX, we will require around 25 more computers for the computer lab to C meet the needs of each child.

Keeping in view how techno – sawy and quick to learn are the children of today and also not many days are left for the new session to begin, may I request you to have the funds for the purchase of computers released at the earliest from the headquarters of the Sangathan. I shall be grateful if this matter is given top priority.

Yours faithfully
Ashok Dhir
(Principal)

Question 3.
Mountview Public School, Kalka is run by an NGO to give quality education to the children of the deprived sections of society. The Principal of the school feels that blackboards in the classrooms need to be replaced. She decides to ask the chairperson of the NGO named ‘Education for All’ for funds. Write her letter in 120 – 150 words. Her name is Shweta Pandit.
Answer:
The Principal
Mountview Public School
Kalka
Himachal Pradesh
23 March 20XX
The Chairperson
Education for All (NGO)
Kalka (HP)

Dear sir
Subject: Grant of funds for replacement of Blackboards

I am writing this letter to seek a favour from you. There is no denying the fact that your NGO is doing a commendable job to give quality education to the children of the deprived sections of society. This effort is lauded by one and all. During my various rounds of the school, I notice that the class blackboards are not up to the mark and need to be replaced at the earliest. I request you to grant additional funds for the purchase of new blackboards to help the children to study in a congenial atmosphere.

Looking forward to a favourable reply and a speedy action.

Shweta Pandit
(Principal)

Question 4.
There is a senior secondary school running right in the middle of Manu Vihar, a middle – class colony full of housing society flats. In the morning as well as in the afternoon the road passing in front of the schpol is congested with school buses, mini buses, private cars, etc. Write a letter in 120 – 150 words to the Dy. Commissioner (Traffic) to provide at least two traffic police constables to regulate the traffic. You are Gautam/Gita, A – 21, Akashdeep Apartments, Manu Vihar, Delhi.
Answer:
A – 21 Akashcleep Apartments
Manu Vihar
Delhi 1100XX
12 April 20XX
The Deputy Commissioner (Traffic)
Police Headquarters
Hauz Khas (Delhi)

Dear Sir
Subject: Posting of two constables to regulate the traffic.

I am a student of Senior Secondary School which is located right in the middle of Manu Vihar’s middle – class colony full of housing society flats. My concern is that the road in front of the school gets too congested in the morning as well as in the afternoon with school buses, private cars, mini buses, etc. causing a chaos and delays for hours on end. The situation is worsening day by day. May I request you to kindly post two constables to regulate the traffic during the said hours to ease the situation for the benefit of all. It will lead to reducing the traffic snarls, saving of time, no accidents and no frayed tempers.

Hoping for an immediate action.

Yours faithfully
Gautam
(Student)

Writing And City Life Class 11

Writing And City Life Class 11 Format, Examples, Topics, Exercises

Writing And City Life Class 11 Format, Examples, Topics, Exercises

Introduction:

Writing and city life is an important topic for students of class 11. In this article, we will discuss the format, examples, topics, and exercises related to writing and city life. City life offers many opportunities and challenges to its residents. Writing about city life can help students to understand the various aspects of living in a city and to develop their writing skills.

Format Of Writing And City Life Class 11:

When writing about city life, it is important to follow a proper format. The format can be broken down into the following parts:

1. Introduction: The introduction should provide a brief overview of the topic and what the reader can expect to learn from the essay.
2. Body: The body of the essay should be divided into several paragraphs, each addressing a specific aspect of city life. Examples and statistics can be used to support the points being made.
3. Conclusion: The conclusion should summarize the key points of the essay and offer some final thoughts on the topic.

Examples Of Writing And City Life Class 11:

To better understand how to write about city life, here are some examples of essays on the topic:

Example 1: Living in a Big City

Living in a big city has its advantages and disadvantages. While there are many opportunities for employment, entertainment, and education, there are also challenges such as traffic, pollution, and the high cost of living. However, despite the challenges, living in a big city can be a rewarding experience.

Example 2: The Impact of Urbanization on Society

Urbanization has had a profound impact on society. As more people move into cities, there are greater demands for resources and infrastructure. This can lead to issues such as overcrowding, pollution, and social inequality. However, urbanization also offers opportunities for economic growth and cultural exchange.

Examples Of Writing And City Life Class 11

Topics For Writing And City Life Class 11:

When writing about city life, there are many topics that can be explored. Here are some examples of topics:

1. Advantages and disadvantages of living in a city
2. The impact of urbanization on the environment
3. Social issues in cities
4. Transportation in cities
5. Culture and diversity in cities
6. City planning and infrastructure
7. Urban development and economic growth

Exercises For Writing And City Life Class 11:

To practice writing about city life, here are some exercises:

Exercise 1: Write a paragraph about the advantages and disadvantages of living in a city.

Exercise 2: Write an essay about the impact of urbanization on the environment.

Exercise 3: Write a paragraph about the transportation options in a city you have visited.

Exercise 4: Write an essay about the social issues facing cities today.

Exercise 5: Write a paragraph about the culture and diversity of a city you have visited.

Conclusion On Writing And City Life Class 11:

Writing about city life can help students to develop their writing skills while also gaining a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities of urban living. By following the proper format, exploring different topics, and practicing with exercises, students can become proficient in writing about city life.

Topics For Informal Letter Writing For Class 7 Format, Examples, Exercises

Topics For Informal Letter Writing For Class 7 Format, Examples, Exercises

Topics For Informal Letter Writing For Class 7 Format, Examples, Exercises

Introduction:

Informal letter writing is an essential skill that students must learn. It is an excellent way to convey your thoughts, feelings, and experiences to your friends, family, and pen-pals. Informal letters are personal, friendly, and written in an everyday language. They can be used to share news, express gratitude, apologize, offer advice, invite someone, or just keep in touch. In this article, we will provide you with a complete guide on informal letter writing for class 7, including format, examples, topics, and exercises.

Format Of Topics For Informal Letter Writing For Class 7:

The format of an informal letter is simple and straightforward. It consists of three parts:

1. Heading: It includes the writer’s address and the date. The address should be written in the top right corner, followed by the date below it. The address should include the writer’s name, street address, city, state, and postal code.
2. Salutation: It is the greeting that the writer uses to address the recipient. It should be followed by a comma. Common salutations include “Dear,” “Hi,” “Hello,” and “Hey.”
3. Body: It is the main part of the letter and contains the message that the writer wants to convey. The body should be divided into paragraphs, each covering a specific topic. The first paragraph should introduce the purpose of the letter, while the following paragraphs should expand on the topic.
4. Closing: It is the ending of the letter and includes a closing remark and the writer’s signature. Common closing remarks include “Yours truly,” “Sincerely,” “Best regards,” and “Love.” The writer’s name should be written below the closing remark, followed by their signature.

Also Read: Informal Letter Writing For Class 5 

Examples Of Topics For Informal Letter Writing For Class 7:

1. Letter to a friend:

Dear John,

How are you doing? It has been a while since we last spoke, and I thought I’d drop you a line. I have been doing well, and I hope you are too. I heard that you got a new job. Congratulations! I’m sure you’ll do great.

I wanted to tell you about my recent trip to Europe. It was amazing! I visited France, Italy, and Spain, and I loved every moment of it. The food, the people, and the sights were all incredible. I wish you could have been there with me.

Anyway, I just wanted to say hello and catch up. Let me know how things are going with you.

Take care,
Sarah

2. Letter to a family member:

Dear Aunt Jane,

How are you doing? I hope this letter finds you in good health and spirits. I wanted to thank you for the beautiful sweater you sent me for my birthday. It’s my favorite color, and it fits perfectly.

I also wanted to tell you about my recent trip to the beach. It was so much fun! We swam, sunbathed, and played beach volleyball. I even learned how to surf! I wish you could have been there with us.

I hope to see you soon. Let’s plan a family get-together soon.

Love,
Amy

Examples Of Topics For Informal Letter Writing For Class 7

3. Letter to a pen pal:

Dear Emma,

Greetings from India! I hope this letter finds you well. I’m so excited to tell you about my country and our culture.

India is a land of diversity, with many different languages, religions, and customs. We celebrate many festivals throughout the year, such as Diwali, Holi, and Eid. Our food is also very diverse, with many different regional cuisines. Have you ever tried Indian food?

I’d love to hear more about your country and your experiences. Please write back soon.

Best regards,
Ravi

Topics For Informal Letter Writing For Class 7:

1. Sharing news or updates about your life: You can write about recent events in your life, such as a new hobby you’ve picked up, a trip you went on, or a new skill you’ve learned.
2. Expressing gratitude: You can write a letter to someone to thank them for their kindness or support, such as a teacher who has helped you, a friend who has been there for you, or a family member who has supported you.
3. Apologizing: If you’ve done something wrong, you can write a letter to apologize to someone. This could be for something small, such as forgetting a friend’s birthday, or for something more significant, such as hurting someone’s feelings.
4. Offering advice: If someone you know is going through a tough time, you can offer them advice and support through a letter. You can share your own experiences and offer suggestions for how they can cope with their situation.
5. Inviting someone: You can use a letter to invite someone to an event or to visit you. This could be for a birthday party, a movie night, or just to catch up over coffee.
6. Sharing your opinion: You can use a letter to share your thoughts and opinions on a particular topic, such as a current event or a social issue that you care about.
7. Recommending something: If you’ve recently read a great book or watched a great movie, you can write a letter to a friend recommending it to them.
8. Sending well wishes: You can use a letter to send well wishes to someone who is going through a tough time, such as a friend who is sick or a family member who is going through a difficult time.

Exercises For Topics For Informal Letter Writing For Class 7:

1. Write a letter to a friend telling them about your summer vacation.
2. Write a letter to your parents thanking them for something they’ve done for you recently.
3. Write a letter to a teacher telling them about your favorite class and why you enjoy it.
4. Write a letter to a family member who lives far away, updating them on your life.
5. Write a letter to a pen pal in a different country, asking them about their culture and traditions.

Conclusion On Topics For Informal Letter Writing For Class 7:

Informal letter writing is an important skill that students must learn. It helps them to communicate effectively and build strong relationships with friends, family, and pen-pals. By following the format and examples provided in this article and practicing through exercises, students can become proficient in informal letter writing and enjoy the benefits of staying in touch with loved ones.