Bhagya

Step into the enchanting world of Village Palampur, a captivating tale of rural life and the intricacies of agricultural practices. Have you ever wondered about the lives of villagers, the challenges they face, and the factors that influence their livelihoods? In this article, we present you with a The Story of Village Palampur Class 9 Extra Questions With Answers. Read this also Extra Questions for Class 9 Social Science with Answers.

The Story of Village Palampur Class 9 Extra Questions With Answers

Question 1.
What are the different types of production activities in the village?
Answer:
There are two types of production activities in the village-farming and, non-farm activities. The non-farm activities include small manufacturing, transport and shop-keeping.

Question 2.
Define factors of production.
Answer:
The various inputs required to produce goods and services are called as factors of production. There are mainly four factors of production: land, labour,’ physical capital and human capital.

Question 3.
Distinguish between fixed capital and working capital.
Answer:
The physical capital which can be used in production over many years is called as fixed capital. For example: tools, machines and buildings. On the other hand, the physical capital which gets completely used up during the production process is called as working capital. For example: raw materials and money in hand.

Question 4.
What is human capital?
Answer:
The knowledge and enterprise required to put together land, labour and physical capital to produce an output either for self-consumption or for sale in the market is called as human capital.

Question 5.
Define multiple cropping.
Answer:
To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year is known as multiple cropping. It is the most common way of increasing production on a given piece of land.

Question 6.
Mention tire two ways of increasing production from the same land.
Answer:
The two ways of increasing production from the same land are: Multiple cropping and Using modern farming methods.

Question 7.
What is the working capital required by the farmer using modern farming methods?
Answer:
The working capital required by the farmer using modem farming methods is HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

Question 8.
What is surplus?
Answer:
The produce left over after self-consumption is called as surplus. This surplus is brought Over to the market for sale.

Question 9.
Briefly explain the four factors of production.
Answer:
Every production is organized by combining land, labour, physical capital and human capital which are known as factors of production.

These factors are explained below:

• Land-If is the first requirement for production of goods and services. The land required for farm activities is practically fixed.
• Labour- The second requirement is labour i.e. people who will do the work. Some activities require highly educated workers like banking and some require workers, for manual work, for example, carpenter.
• Physical capital-Physical capital es the variety of inputs required at every stage during production. For example: tools, building, raw materials etc. Physical capital is of two types: fixed capital and working capital.
• Human capital-The knowledge and enterprise required to put together land, labour and physical capital for producing an output either for self-consumption or to sell in the market is called, as human cap.

Question 10.
What is the main constraint on land?
Answer:
In villages, farming is the main production activity. Most of the people are dependent on fanning for their livelihood. The well being of these people is closely related to production in the farms. The farm production depends upon the land area under cultivation. But there is one constraint on it.

Land area under cultivation is practically fixed. There has been no expansion in land area under cultivation since 1960. By then, some of the wastelands in the village had been converted to cultivable land. There exists no further scope to increase farm production by bringing new land under cultivation.

Question 11.
What is multiple cropping? Explain by giving an example.
Answer:
To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year is known as multiple cropping. It is the most common way of increasing production. During different seasons different crops are grown on the same piece of land.

The farmers are able to grow:

• Land-It is the first requirement and natural resource. Land is a scarce resource in case of farm activities. Therefore, it must be properly utilised.
• Labour-The second requirement is labour. By labour we mean people who will » do the work. Some production activities require highly skilled and educated workers to perform tire necessary task. Other activities require workers who can do manual work. Each worker is providing the labour necessary for production.
• Physical capital-It is the third requirement. Physical capital means the variety of inputs required at every stage during production.

The items that come under physical capital are:

• Tools, machines and buildings- Tools, machines and buildings can be used in production over many years, and are called as fixed capital.
• Raw materials and money in hand- Production requires a variety of raw materials such as the yarn used by weaver and the clay used by the potter. Also, some money is always required during production to make some payments and buy other necessary items. Raw materials and money in hand are called working capital.

Human capital-The fourth requirement of production is human capital. The knowledge and enterprise required to put together land, labour and physical capital to produce an output either for self-consumption or for sale in the market is called as human capital.

Question 14.
Write a short note on green revolution.
Answer:
The green revolution started in India in the late 1960’s It introduced the Indian farmer to cultivation of wheat and rice using high yielding varieties of seeds (HYV). These seeds give much greater amounts of grain on a Single plant as compared to traditional seeds.

As a result the same piece of land would now produce for larger quantities of foodgrains ‘than was possible earlier. HYV seeds, however, needed plenty of water, chemical fertilizers and pesticides to produce best results.

Higher yields were possible only from a combination. of HYV seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilisers, pesticides etc. Farmers of Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh were the first to try out the modem farming method in India. The farmers in these regions set up tube wells for irrigation and made use of HYV seeds, chemical fertilisers and pesticides. Some of them also bought farm machineries like tractors and threshers. They were rewarded with high yields of wheat.

But green revolution did not come without negative effects. Scientific reports indicated that modern farming methods have overused the natural resource base. In many areas there was loss of soil fertility due to increased use of chemical fertilizers. The continuous use of groundwater for tubewell irrigation has reduced the wafer table below the ground. This is a huge loss. Therefore, one must take care of the environment to ensure future development of agriculture.

Question 15.
How do fanners arrange for the capital needed in fanning?
Answer:
Modem farming methods require a great deal of capital, therefore farmers now need more money than before. Different farmers have different source of capital. Most of the small farmers borrow money from large farmers or the village money-lenders or the traders who supply various inputs for cultivation. The rate of interest on such loans is very high. They are put to great distress to repay the loan. Sometimes the small farmers have to work on the fields of medium and large farmers at very low wages to repay the loan. .

In contrast to small farmers, the medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming. These farmers sell their surplus produce in market and get good, earnings. A part of these earnings are saved and kept for buying capital for the next season. Thus, they are able to arrange for the capital for farming from their own savings.

Question 16.
What is the condition of non-farm sector in villages? How can these activities Be increased?
Answer:
The non-farm activities include small manufacturing, transport shop-keeping etc. At present, the non-farm sector in the village is not very large. Out of every 100 workers in the rural areas in, India, only 24 are engaged in non-farm activities. Though there is a Variety of non-farm activities in the village, the number of people employed in each is quite small.

Unlike farming, non-farm activities require little land. People with some amount of capital can set up non-farm activities. The capital required can be mobilised either from one’s own savings or by taking a loan. It is important that loan be available at low rate of interest so that even people without savings can start some non-farm activities.

Another thing which is essential for non-farm activities is to have market where the goods and services can be sold. As more villages get connected to towns and cities through good roads, transport and telephone, it is possible that the opportunities for non-farm activities production in the village would increase in the coming years.

Question 17.
How are three factors of production land, labour and capital used in farming?
Answer:
Among these factors of production, labour is the most abundant factor of production. There are many people who are willing to work as farm labourers in the villages whereas the opportunities of work are limited. They belong to either landless families or small farmers They are paid low wages and lead a difficult life.

In contrast to labour, land is a scarce factor of production. Land has been used to its maximum. There can be no expansion in cultivated land area. Moreover, even the existing land is distributed unequally among the people engaged in farming. There are large number of small farmers who cultivate small plots of land and live in conditions not much better than the landless farm labourers. To make the maximum use of the land farmers use multiple cropping and modem methods of farming both these have led to increase in production of crops.

Modern farming methods require a great deal of capital. Small farmers usually need to borrow money to arrange for the capital and are put to great distress to repay the loan. Therefore, capital to is a scarce factor of production, particularly for the small farmers.

Though both land and capital are scarce, there is a basic difference between the two factors of production. Land is a natural resource whereas capital is man-made. It is possible to increase capital, whereas land is fixed. Therefore, it is very important that we take good care of land and other natural resources used in farming.

Step back in time to one of the most influential and transformative periods in history – the French Revolution. Are you curious about the causes, events, and consequences of this monumental revolution that shook the foundations of the French monarchy? In this article, we present you with a curated selection of extra questions and detailed answers that will help you unravel the complexities and significance of the French Revolution. Whether you’re studying for exams or seeking to deepen your knowledge of The French Revolution Class 9 Extra Questions with Answers , this article serves as a valuable resource. Read this also Extra Questions for Class 9 Social Science with Answers.

The French Revolution Class 9 Extra Questions with Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Which incident sparked the French Revolution?
Answer:
The attack by the third estate on the Bastille State prison (14th July 1789) and setting free the prisoners was the incident which sparked the French Revolution.

Question 2.
Why was Bastille prison attacked?
Answer:
The revolutionaries attacked the Bastille prison with a hope to find hoarded ammunition for the revolution.

Question 3.
Why was the Bastille hated by all?
Answer:
Bastille was hated by all because it was seen as a symbol of the despotic power of the king.

Question 4.
What did the French Revolution of 1789 stand for?
Answer:
The French Revolution of 1789 stood for the ideas of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity.

Question 5.
What was the immediate cause of rioting in Paris?
Answer:
The high price of bread was the immediate cause of rioting in Paris.

Question 6.
Which ruler came to power in France in 1774? [CBSE 2012]
Answer:
Louis XVI of the Bourbon family ascended the throne of France in 1774.

Question 7.
What activity of the French monarchy hastened the revolution?
Answer:
The extravagant lifestyle of the monarch brought France on the verge of bankruptcy and hastened the revolution.

Question 8.
How did the American War of Independence add more debt to France?
Answer:
The French army supported thirteen colonies of America in the war of independence against Great Britain. It added one billion livres (currency unit in France) that had risen to more than two billion livres with interest.

Question 9.
Why did the French government increase the taxes?
Answer:
To meet the regular expenses such as cost of maintaining an army, the court and running the government offices or universities, the state was forced to increase taxes.

Question 10.
What was the Old Regime?
Answer:
The term Old Regime is usually used to describe the society and institutions of France before 1789.

Question 11.
Which estate paid taxes out of all?
Answer:
The third estate paid taxes out of all.

Question 12.
How was the society divided before the French Revolution?
Answer:
Before the French Revolution, the society was divided into three estates.
(a) The 1st estate consist of the clergy.
(b) The 2nd estate consist of the nobles.
(c) The 3rd estate included big businessmen, merchants, court officials, lawyers, peasants, landless labourers, servants and artisans.

Question 13.
Who owned the majority of land in 18th century France?
Answer:
The nobels, the Church and the richer members of the third estate owned the 60% of land in France.

Question 14.
What was the most important privilege enjoyed by the first two estates?
Answer:
The most important privilege enjoyed by the first two estates was the exemption from payment of taxes to the states.

Question 15.
Which estate enjoyed the feudal privileges? What were the feudal privileges?
Answer:
The feudal privileges were enjoyed by the second estate i.e., nobels. Nobels collected the feudal dues from the peasants comes under the feudal privileges.

Question 16.
What were the conditions of eighteenth century french peasants?
Answer:
Peasants were obliged to render services to the lord to work in his fields or house to serve in the army or to participate in building roads.

Question 17.
What was Tithe?
Answer:
Tithe was a tax levied by the Church, comprising one-tenth of the agricultural produce.

Question 18.
Which types of taxes were levied by the states?
Answer:
The taxes levied by the state included a direct tax called taille and number of other indirect taxes levied on everyday consumption articles like salt or tobacco.

Question 19.
Why had the peasants and workers had participated in revolts?
Answer:
To protest against increasing taxes and food scarcity, peasants and workers had started participating in revolts.

Question 20.
Which social group emerged in France in the 18th century? [CBSE 20131
Answer:
The middle class emerged in France in the 18th century.

Question 21.
Name the Philosophers who put forward the ideas of freedom, equal laws and opportunities for all in French society.
Answer:
The philosophers were John Locke, Montesquieu and Jean Jacques Rousseau.

Question 22.
What did John Locke write in his book Two Treaties of Government? [CBSE 2011]
Answer:
John Locke sought to refute the doctrine of the divine and absolute right of the monarch in his book.

Question 23.
Which form of government was proposed by Rousseau?
Answer:
Rousseau proposed the form of government which was based on a social contract between people and their representative.

Question 24.
Who wrote The Spirit of the Laws? [CBSE 2016]
Answer:
The Spirit of the Laws was written by Montesquieu.

Question 25.
Mention the ideas proposed by Montesquieu in the book The Spirit of the Laws.
Answer:
Fie proposed a division of power within government between the executive, the legislative and the judiciary.

Question 26.
Where and when did the ideas of division of power within government came into effect?
Answer:
This idea firstly came into effect in USA, after the thirteen American colonies declared their independence from America.

Question 27.
What did become an example for political thinkers in France?
Answer:
The American Constitution and its guarantee of individual rights became an example for political thinkers in France.

Question 28.
Where were the ideas of the philosophers discussed intensively in France?
Answer:
The ideas of the philosophers were discussed intensively in salons and coffee-houses and spread among people through books and newspapers.

Question 29.
Which news enraged the system of privileges in eighteenth century France?
Answer:
The news of imposing more taxes by the king of France i.e., Louis XVI enraged the system of privileges.

Question 30.
What was the Estates General? [CBSE 2014]
Answer:
The Estates General was a political body to which the three estates sent their representatives.

Question 31.
Why was the meeting of Estate General called in France during Old Regime?
Answer:
During Old Regime of France, the King lacks the power to impose taxes. For this purpose, he had to call a meeting of Estate General which further on pass the proposal for new taxes.

Question 32.
What was the representation of the three estates at the Estate General Assembly of 1789?
Answer:
The first and the second estates sent 300 representatives each, who were seated facing each other on two sides. The third estate sent 600 members who had to stand.

Question 33.
When and where did Louis XVI called the assembly of General Estate?
Answer:
On 5 May 1789, Louis XVI called the assembly of General Estate in a resplendent hall in Versailles.

Question 34.
Which principle was followed by Estate General for taking vote? [HOTS]
Answer:
According to the principle, each estate has one vote.

Question 35.
Which proposal of the third estate was refused by King Louis XVI?
Answer:
The third estate demanded that voting should be conducted by the assembly as a whole in which each member had one vote. But the king refused this proposal.

Question 36.
In which book did Rousseau mention the idea of one person, one vote? [CBSE 2014]
Answer:
In The Social Contract, Rousseau wrote about one person, one vote.

Question 37.
What step was taken by the third estate when their demand was refused?
Answer:
The third estate assembled in the indoor tennis court hall which was in the Versailles. They sworned to draft a constitution for France in which would limit the power of monarchs and also declared themselves a National Assembly.

Question 38.
Who was Mirabeau?
Answer:
Mirabeau belonged to a nobel family. He was convinced with the need to do away with the society of feudal privileges and led the representatives of the 3rd estate.

Question 39.
What do you know about Abbe Sieyes? [CBSE 2011]
Answer:
Abbe Sieyes was originally a priest. He wrote an influential pamphlet named ‘What is the Third Estate’?

Question 40.
Define Chateaux.
Answer:
A Chateaux is a castle or stately residence belonging to a king or a nobleman.

Question 41.
What was the decree of the National Assembly of 1789?
Answer:
The decree of the National Assembly of 1789 was to abolish the feudal system of obligations and taxes.

Question 42.
When did the National Assembly completed the drafting of the constitution?
Answer:
In 1791, the National Assembly completed the drafting of the constitution.

Question 43.
What was the objective of the National Assembly’s draft completed in 1791?
Answer:
The National Assembly’s draft of 1791 aimed at limiting the powers of the monarch

Question 44.
What made France a constitutional monarch?
Answer:
Limiting the powers of the monarch and separating the power of administration among different institutions i.e., the legislature, the executive and the judiciary made France a constitutional monarch.

Question 45.
Which section of the French society got political right by the constitution of 1791? [CBSE 2013]
Answer:
Only men above 25 years of age who paid taxes equal to at least 3 days of labourer’s wage got the status of active citizens and also right to vote.

Question 46.
Which document was in the beginning of the French constitution?
Answer:
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen was in the begining of the French revolution.

Question 47.
Which rights were the natural and inalienable rights according to the French Constitution?
Answer:
The natural and inalienable rights were the right to life, freedom of speech, freedom of opinion and equality before law.

Question 48.
What was the significance of natural and unalienable rights?
Answer:
These rights belonged to each human being by birth and could not be taken away.

Question 49.
What was the decision taken by National Assembly in April 1792?
Answer:
National Assembly declared was against Prussia and Austria in April 1792.

Question 50.
What was Marseillaise? Who composed it? [CBSE 2014]
Answer:
Marseillaise was one of the patriotic songs sung by volunteers from Marseilles as they marched into
Paris and got its name. It was composed by Roget de L Isle. It is now the national anthem of France.

Question 51.
What were the roles played by people of French when fight took place with Prussia and Austria?
Answer:
The French men were fighting at the front and women were left with the tasks of households and
also earning livelihoods for the family.

Question 52.
Why were the political clubs formed in France?
Answer:
Political clubs were formed by the people in France to discuss the policies of the government which gave the political rights only to the richer sections of the society and to plan their action. Both men and women formed various clubs.

Question 53.
Which was the most successful of the political clubs formed in France? How did it get its name?
Answer:
The most successful of the clubs was that of the Jacobins. It got its name from the former convent
of St Jacob in Paris.

Question 54.
Who were the members of the Jacobin Club? Name the leader. [CBSE 2014]
Answer:
The members of the Jacobin club were from the less prosperous sections of the French society, for
example small shopkeepers, artisans such as shoemakers, pastry cooks, etc. Maximilian Robespierre was its leader.

Question 55.
Who were Sans-culottes?
Answer:
The Jacobins came to be known as Sans-culottes, which literally means those without knee breeches.

Question 56.
What was the name give to newly-elected assembly of the Jacobins? [CBSE 2014]
Answer:
The newly elected assembly of the Jacobins was called the Convention. It abolished the monarchy
and declared France a republic.

Question 57.
Explain the term ‘republic’.
Answer:
Republic is a form of government where the people elect the government including the head of the government. There is no hereditary monarchy.

Question 58.
Define TVeason.
Answer:
Treason means betrayal of one’s country or government.

Question 59.
Why was Louis XVI sentenced to death?
Answer:
Louis XVI was sentenced to death on the charges of treason in January 1793.

Question 60.
Which period in France was known as Reign of Terror? Why?
Answer:
The period of 1793 to 1794 was known as the Reign of Terror because Robespierre followed the policy of severe control and punishment.

Question 61.
Against whom the Robespierre followed the policy of severe control and punishment?
Answer:
Against all those persons whom he considered the enemies of the republic. These included ex-nobels, clergy, other political parties members and also some members from his political party who did not agree within his policies.

Question 62.
What was guillotine?
Answer:
Guillotine was a device consisting of two poles and a blade using which a person was beheaded. It was named after Dr Guillotine who invented it.

Question 63.
Which class came into power after the fall of Jacobin government?
Answer:
The wealthier middle class came into power after the fall of Jacobin government.

Question 64.
To whom the new constitution denied the vote?
Answer:
The new constitution of wealthier middle class government denied vote to non-propertied sections of society.

Question 65.
What was Directory?
Answer:
Directory was an executive body of five members. Directory was appointed by two elected legislative councils.

Question 66.
Why the executive body like Directory was introduced?
Answer:
It was introduced to safeguard against the concentration of power in one-man executive as under the Jacobins.

Question 67.
How did the Napoleon Bonaparte come to power?
Answer:
Napoleon, a military dictator, came to power due to the political instability of the Directory.

Question 68.
What was the status of education among women during French revolution?
Answer:
Most of the women did not have access to education or job-training. Only daughters of nobels or wealthier members of the third estate could study at a convent.

Question 69.
What did the women in France do to discuss and voice their interests?
Answer:
In order to discuss and voice their interests, the women started their political clubs and newspapers.

Question 70.
Name an important political club formed by women in France.
Answer:
The Society of Revolutionary and Republican Women was the famous club formed by women in France.

Question 71.
According to French women, how their interests were presented in new government?
Answer:
According to them, when they got the right to vote, to be elected to the assembly and to hold political office with this step, their interests were presented in new government.

Question 72.
When did the new government issued laws to close down the women’s club?
Answer:
The new government issued laws during the Reign of Terror in 1793-94.

Question 73.
When did French women got the political rights?
Answer:
In 1946, women in France got the political rights.

Question 74.
Who wrote the Declaration of the Rights of woman and citizen? [CBSE 2011]
Answer:
Olympe de Gouges wrote a Declaration of the Rights of woman and citizen in 1791.

Question 75.
What was the most revolutionary reform of the Jacobin regime? [CBSE 2010]
Answer:
The most revolutionary reform of the Jacobin regime was the abolition of slavery in the French colonies.

Question 76.
List four commodities supplied by the French colonies in the Caribbean.
Answer:
The French colonies in the Caribbean were important suppliers of tobacco, indigo, sugar and coffee.

Question 77.
Between which three continents was the slave trade carried out?
Answer:
A triangular slave trade was carried out between Europe, Africa and the Americas.

Question 78.
Name the ports of France from where the slave trade was carried out.
Answer:
The slave trade was carried out from the ports of Bordeaux or Nantes.

Question 79.
Why had the exploitation of slave labour done?
Answer:
The exploitation of slave labour had done to meet the growing demand in European markets for sugar, coffee and indigo.

Question 80.
Why did the National Assembly did not pass any law regarding exploitation of slave labour?
Answer:
They were fearing from the opposition of businessmen whose income was depend on the slave trade.

Question 81.
What the freedom mean in view of plantation owners?
Answer:
In view of plantation owner, freedom included the right to enslave African Negroes in pursuit of their economic interest.

Question 82.
When did the slavery Anally abolished in French colonies?
Answer:
In 1848, slavery was finally abolished from French colonies.

Question 83.
Which law came into effect soon after the incident of Bastille 1789?
Answer:
Abolition of censorship came into effect after the incident of Bastille 1789.

Question 84.
Which document proclaimed the freedom of speech as natural right?
Answer:
The freedom of speech as natural right was proclaimed in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.

Question 85.
Who crowned himself as Emperor of France?
Answer:
Napolean Bonaparte crowned himself as Emperor of France in 1804.

Question 86.
What actions proved Napoleon as moderniser of Europe? [HOTSJ
Answer:
He introduced many laws like a uniform system of weights and measures provided by the decimal
system and protection of private property.

Question 87.
How were Napoleon image taken up by the people? What image came later?
Answer:
Napoleon was seen as liberator who might bought freedom for the people but the Napoleon army was seen later as invading forces.

Question 88.
Where was Napoleon defeated?
Answer:
Napoleon was defeated at Waterloo in 1815.

Question 89.
How did the colonised people created the sovereign nation state?
Answer:
They created the sovereign nation state by redefining the idea of freedom from bondage into a movement.

Question 90.
Name the two Indian individuals who responded to the ideas coming from revolutionary France.
Answer:
The two Indian individuals who responded to the ideas coming from revolutionary France, were Raja Rammohan Roy and Tipu Sultan.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 91.
Describe the events that took place on 14th July 1789 in France. [CBSE 2014]
Answer:
The following events took place on 14th July 1789.
(a) The king had ordered the troops to move into the city. There were rumours that he would soon order the troops to open fire upon citizens.
(b) Around 7,000 men and women formed a militia and broke into a number of government buildings in search of arms.
(c) Then the fortress-prison of Bastille was stormed by hundreds of people with the hope to find hoarded ammunition. Bastille was destroyed completely as it was hated by all.

Question 92.
On ascending the throne of France, Louis XVI found the treasury empty. Why was the treasury empty?
Answer:
The causes for empty treasury at the time of his accession were as follows.
(a) The financial resources of France had drained due to the long years of war.
(b) The high cost of maintaining an extravagant court at the immense palace of Versailles also added to the financial drain.
(c) France had helped the thirteen American colonies to gain their independence from Britain. This increased the debt to more than 2 billion livres.

Question 93.
Describe the divisions of the French society before the French Revolution.
Answer:
Before the French Revolution, the French society was divided into three estates.
(a) The 1st estate was comprised of the Church and the clergy. They enjoyed certain privileges by birth. The most important of these privileges was exemption from paying taxes.
(b) The 2nd estate was comprised of the nobles and other rich people of the society. These were also exempted from paying taxes. They also enjoyed feudal privileges which included collection of feudal dues by the peasants.
(c) The 3rd estate was comprised of big businessmen, merchants, court officials, lawyers, peasants, artisans, landless labourers and servants. Within the third estate, some were rich and others were poor. The peasants obliged the landlords by working on their fields, in their houses, to serve in the army or to participate in the building of roads. They were paying all direct taxes like taille and a number of indirect taxes on salt or tobacco, but had no rights.

Question 94.
Which three causes led to the ‘subsistence crisis’ in France during the Old Regime? [CBSE 2014]
Answer:
The following points show how the subsistence crisis occurred in France during the Old Regime.
(a) The population of France increased from 23 million in 1715 to 28 million in 1789. This led to the increase in demand for foodgrains.
(b) When the production of foodgrains could not keep pace with the growing demand, the price of bread which was the staple food increased rapidly.
(c) On the other hand, the wages could not keep pace with the rise in prices. At the time of drought or hail, harvest reduced and things got worsed. Thus, the gap between the poor and the rich widened and this led to the subsistence crisis.

Question 95.
Describe the middle class in three points. [CBSE 2013]
Answer:
The following points describe the middle class in French society.
(a) The middle class was a social group that emerged in France in the 18th century. This class made money through an expanding overseas trade and by manufacturing goods like woollen and silk textiles.
(b) The middle class, along with merchants and manufacturers, included professionals like lawyers and administrative officials.
(c) All these people were educated believed that no group in society should be privileged by birth and a person’s position in society should be based on his merit.

Question 96.
What was the tennis court oath? [HOTS]
Answer:
The third estate representatives viewed themselves as spokesmen for the whole French nation. They
assembled in the hall of an indoor tennis court in the grounds of Versailles on 20 June 1789. There
they declared themselves as a National Assembly.

Question 97.
Explain the turmoil in France while the National Assembly was busy at Versailles.
Answer:
While the National Assembly was busy at Versailles drafting the constitution, the rest of France seethed with turmoil in the following ways.
(a) A severe winter had meant a bad harvest, resulting in rising price of bread thus, the situation was exploited by bakers and hoarded supplies. Angry women stormed into the shops after standing for long hours in bakery queues.
(b) The army was ordered by the king to more into the city. There were rumours that army would be ordered to open fire upon the citizens. Thousands of agitated people gathered and decided to form a militia.
(c) They broke into a number of government buildings in search of arms. They distroyed the prison of Bastille on 14 July 1789.

Question 98.
How did peasants protest against the feudal lords or nobles of France?
Answer:
Peasants protested against the feudal lords or nobles in the following ways.
(a) In the countryside there were rumours spread from village to village that the lords of the manor had hired hands of brigands who were on their way to destroy the ripe crops. Caught in frenzy of fear, peasants in several districts seized hoes and pitchforks and attacked Chateaux.
(b) They looted hoarded grain and burnt down documents containing records of manorial dues.
(c) A large number of nobles fled from their homes, many of them migrating to the neighouring countries.

Question 99.
How was the National Assembly recognised and how did it start exercising its powers? [CBSE 2010]
Answer:
Faced with revolting people, Louis XVI recognised the National Assembly and accepted that his
powers would from now on be checked by the constitution.
National Assembly started exercising its power in the following ways.
(a) On the night of 4 August, 1789, the Assembly passed the law for abolishing feudal system of obligations and taxes, the clergy members were also forced to give up their privileges.
(b) Tithes were abolished and lands owned by the Church were seized and all this resulted in acquiring assets worth at least 2 billion livres.

Question 100.
Describe how the new political system of constitutional monarchy worked practice in France. [CBSE 2014]
Answer:
The new political system of constitutional monarchy in France worked in the following manner:
The constitution of 1791 had given the power to make laws to the National Assembly, that was indirectly elected by a group of electors voted by the citizens who had chosen the assembly.
The right to vote was given to men above 25 years of age, who paid taxes equal to at least 3 days of a labourer’s wage, were given the status of active citizens, i.e., they were entitled to vote.
The remaining men and all women were classed as passive citizens. To qualify as an elector and as a member of the assembly, a man had to belong to the highest bracket of taxpayers.

Question 101.
Write a short note on national and inalienable rights.
Answer:
The constitution of France began with a Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens. Rights ‘ such as right to life, freedom of speech, freedom of opinion, equality before law were established as natural and inalienable rights i.e., they belong to each human being by birth and could not be taken away. It is the duty of the state to protect each citizen’s natural rights.

Question 102.
List and explain the successful achievements of the National Assembly from 1789-1791. [HOTS]
Answer:
The successful achievements of the National Assembly from 1789-1791 were as follows:
(a) One of the most successful achievements of the National Assembly was the adoption of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen which upheld the equality of all before law, eligibility of all for public offices, freedom from arrest or punishment without a proven cause and right to freedom of speech and expression.
(b) It also laid emphasis that the burden of taxation must be borne by all without any distinction and so nobles and clergy were denied special privileges.
(c) A new constitution was formed providing a constitutional monarchy where the powers of the monarch are limited and the legislative powers are given to the National Assembly.

Question 103.
Write a short note on Marseillaise.
Answer:
Marseillaise is the national anthem of France. It was written by Roget de L ‘Isle during the French Revolution. It aroused such enthusiasm that large number of people joined the company. It was first sung in Paris when the Marseilles battalion sang it as they marched into Paris and thus it was named so.

Question 104.
Who were Jacobins? What was their role in emergence of France as a Republic?
Or
Who were the Jacobins? Write about it in three points. [CBSE 2013]
Answer:
Jacobins were the most radical and ruthless of the political groups formed in the wake of the French Revolution. They were the members of a democratic club established in 1789. Jacobins were led by Maximilian Robespierre. Angered by the short supplies and high prices of foodgrains Jacobins stormed the Palace of the Tuileries.
The king’s guards were killed and the king was held hostage for several hours. The assembly later, voted to imprison the royal family. Elections were held in which every man of 21 years and above got the right to vote. The Convention was known as newly elected assembly, which abolished monarchy and declared France a republic.

Question 105.
What do you mean by Directory? Why was it removed from France?
Answer:
The Directory was a five-member committee which governed France when the political power
was passed into the hands of the wealthier middle class. It was meant as a safeguard against the
concentration of power in the hands of one-man executive as under the Jacobins.
The Directors often clashed with the legislative councils who in turn sought to dismiss them. This led to political instability of Directory in France. It paved the way for the rise of a military dictator called Napoleon Bonaparte.

Question 106.
Evaluate the role of women in France before the revolution.
Answer:
Women played a very significant role in France before the French Revolution. They played an active role and brought about important changes. They worked for their living like dress makers, laundry workers, flower vendors, fruit and vegetable vendors. Sometimes they also worked as maid servants for rich people. They cooked food, fetched water and stood in queues for bread. In order to discuss – and voice their interests women started their own political clubs and newspapers. One of the major demand was right to vote. The Society of Revolutionary and Republican Women was one such club formed by women.

Question 107.
How did the women suffer in France during the Old Regime?
Answer:
During the Old Regime, most women worked to earn a living. They worked as seamstresses or laundresses or domestic servants in the houses of rich people. Many sold fruits, flowers and vegetables at the market to earn money.
(b) Most of them were not educated or trained to do any job. Only the daughters of rich people could study.
(c) Working women had to take care of their families too. They had to fetch water, queue up for bread, cook and look after the children.
Therefore, it can be said that women suffered a lot during the Old Regime.

Question 108.
What was the condition of slave trade in the seventeenth century?
Answer:
The conditions of slaves during salve labour was as follows:
(a) As the slave trade began in seventeenth century, the slaves were bought from local chieftians.
(b) After branding and shackling, the slaves were packed tightly into ships for the three-month long voyage across the Atlantic to the Caribbean.
(c) At the African coast, they were sold to plantation owners.

Question 109.
How did storming of Bastille became the main cause of the French Revolution? [CBSE 2014]
Answer:
Storming of Bastille became the main cause of the French Revolution because of the following
reasons.
(a) While the National Assembly was busy at Versailles drafting a constitution, the rest of France faced turmoil. Due to bad harvest, price of bread increased.
(b) This situation worsened when the bakers started hoarding supplies.
(c) Women who stood in queues at the bakery stormed the shops. At the same time the king had ordered troops to move into Paris.
As a result on 14 July the angry crowd stormed and destroyed Bastille. It was hated by all as it stood for the despotic powers of the king.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 110.
Discuss the main causes of the French Revolution. [HOTS]
Answer:
The following are the main causes of French Revolution:
(a) Despotic rule of Louis XVI. Long years of wars and extravagance of the king led to financial crises in France. This forced king to increase taxes mostly paid by the.third estate. It created chaos in the society.
(b ) Privileges and Burdens of the French Society. First and the second estate had certain privileges by birth. The first two estates were comprised of the clergy and nobility which was 10% of the total population. Rest of the 90% population made up the third estate that paid all the various direct and indirect taxes. This discrimination led to the revolution by the 3rd estate.
(c) Rising prices. The population of France had increased. This resulted into more demand of foodgrains. So, the price of bread rose rapidly, the poor were not able to buy the high-priced bread. So, the gap between the rich and poor widened.
(d) Inspiration by the Philosophers. The philosophers like Locke, Rousseau and Montesquieu spread the ideas of having a society where the people enjoy freedom, equal laws and equal opportunities. They inspired the people of France to realise their dreams.
(e) Role of Middle class. Another major cause was the role of the middle class who earned their wealth through expanding trade of manufactured goods, being exported.
(f) Storming of Bastille prison. During the political turmoil, France experienced severe winters leading to bad harvest. The price of bread increased, as the stocks were hoarded in the market. Angry women attacked the shops. At the same time troops were ordered into Paris. Agitated crowd stormed and destroyed Bastille prison administrative officials, i.e., those who were educated. They believed that no person in the society should be privileged by birth.

Question 111.
Explain the events/incidents which led to the outbreak of French Revolution. [CBSE 2014]
Answer:
The following events/incidents led to the outbreak of the French Revolution:
(a) Meeting of the Estate General. On 5 May 1789, Louis XVI had called a meeting of Estate General to increase the taxes. Representatives of all the three estates came. But the members of the 3rd estate were made to stand while women, peasants, artisans and women were not allowed entry to the assembly.
(h) Demand for one vote one person. The third estate at the meeting of the Estate General demanded one vote for each member. This demand was rejected by the king and the members of the third estate walked out in protest.
(c) Meeting of the newly-formed National Assembly. Since the members of the third estate were more, they considered themselves the voice of the people/whole nation. They assembled in the indoor tennis court of Versailles and declared themselves as the ‘National Assembly’. They believed in removing the feudal privileges of the nobles and clergy.
(d) Winters created worse situation. Harvest declined, prices rose and bakers exploited poor by hoarding supplies. Angry crowd stormed the shops.
(e) Revolt in the countryside by the peasants. There were rumours that their ripe crops would be destroyed by the lords hired bands. The peasants in several districts seized hoes and pitchforks and attacked manors of the lords. They looted the hoarded grains and burnt the documents containing the records of manorial dues.

Question 112.
How did philosophers influence the thinking of the people of France? [CBSE 2012, 2014]
Answer:
The philosophers influenced the thinking of the people of France in the following ways:
(a) Philosophers such as John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau put forward ideas envisaging a society based on freedom and equal laws and opportunities for all.
(b) In Two Treatises of Government, John Locke sought to refute the doctrine of the divine and absolute rights of the monarch.
(c) His ideas were carried forward by Rousseau as he was proposing a form of government based on social contract between the people and their representatives.
(d) In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu proposed a division of power within the government between the legislative, the executive and the judiciary.
(e) The ideas of these philosophers were discussed intensively in salons and coffee-houses and were spread among people through books and newspapers.

Question 113.
Explain the features of the constitution of France drafted in 1791. [CBSE 2015]
Answer:
(a) The constitution of 1791 was the first written constitution in France, created after the collapse
of the absolute rule.
(b) Its main aim was to limit the powers of the monarch.
(c) Powers were then divided/separated and assigned to different institutions like legislative, executive and judiciary.
(d) According to this, active citizens of France elected electors who inturn voted to elect the National Assembly.
(e) Not all citizens had the right to vote. Only men of 25 years of age who paid taxes equal to atleast three days of a labourer’s wage. They were called active citizens.
(f) The remaining men and all women were called the passive citizens.
(g) The National Assembly controlled the king. France became constitutional monarchy. (any five points)

Question 114.
List down the political symbols of France.
Answer:
Most of the people (i.e. men and women) in the 18th century. France could not read and write. So
images and symbols instead of printed books were used to communicate ideas. These symbols were
used to convey the content of declaration of rights. The important symbols were:
(a) Broken Chains: Chains were used to restrain the slaves from running away. Broken chains signify the act of becoming free.
(b) A bundle of rods: It was used to convey the message that strength lies in unity.
(c) The eye within or triangle radiating light: The all-seeing eye stands for knowledge. The rays of the sun will drive away the dark clouds of ignorance.
(d) Sceptre: It symbolises royal power.
(e) Snake bitting its tail to form a ring: A symbol of eternity. The ring has neither beginning nor end.
(f) Red phrygian cap: It was worn by slaves when they were freed.
(g) Blue-white-red: These are the national colours of France.
(h) The winged woman: Personification of the law.
(i) The law tablet: The law is same for all and all are equal before it. (any five points)

Question 115.
Explain the “Reign of Terror” in brief. [CBSE 2015]
Answer:
The following points explain the Reign of Terror:
(a) The period from 1793 to 1794 is called the Reign of Terror because Robespierre followed a policy of severe control and punishment. Ex-nobles, clergy, members of other political parties and even the members of his own party, who did not agree with his methods, were arrested, imprisoned and guillotined.
(b) Laws were issued by Robespierre’s government lows were issued by placing a maximum ceiling of wages and prices. Meat and bread were rationed.
(c) Peasants were forced to transport their grain to the cities and sell it at prices fixed by the government. The use of more expensive white flour was forbidden; all citizens were required to eat the equality bread.
(d) Equality was also sought to be practised through forms of speech and address. Instead of the traditional Sir and Madam, French men and women were addressed as citizen.
(e) Churches were shut down and their buildings converted into barracks or offices. Finally, Robespierre was convicted by a court in July 1794, arrested and the next day, sent to the guillotine.

Question 116.
How did the Revolution affect the everyday life of the French people? Discuss. [HOTS]
Answer:
(a) Revolutionary ideas of equality and liberty transformed the clothes people wore, the language they spoke and books they read.
(b) With the abolition of censorship in 1789 and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen in 1791, freedom of speech became a natural right. This led to the growth of newspapers, books, pamphlets and printed pictures.
(c) Freedom of the press enabled voicing of opinions and counter options.
(d) Art flourished in the form of paintings, plays, songs and festive processions.
(e) Visual and oral art form enabled even the common man who could not read and write to relate with the ideas of liberty, equality and justice.

Question 117.
Write a short note on Napoleon Bonaparte.
Answer:
(a) Napoleon came to power as a result of unstable directory that ruled France. Due to weak directory Napoleon got on opportunity to rise to political power. In 1804, he crowned himself as the Emperor of France.
(b) He set out to conquer the neighbouring countries defeating the dynasties and putting his own relatives/members of his family.
(c) He was seen as a moderniser of Europe. He brought out many laws such as protection of private property and a uniform system of weights and measures provided by the decimal system.
(d) He was also seen by many as a liberator who will bring freedom to the people.
(e) Very soon his army came to be viewed everywhere as invading force. He carried out military campaigns and invasion of Russia and Spain. He soon became a threat for the kings in Europe who decided to come together and defeat him. Finally, he was defeated at Waterloo in 1815.

Question 118.
What was the impact of French Revolution on France?
Answer:
(a) French Revolution marked the end of absolute monarchy and paved the way for the republican government.
(b) It also helped to uphold the theory of popular sovereignty and laid the foundations of democratic principles, i.e., to say that the government should be based on the consent of the governed.
(c) The slogans of equality, liberty and fraternity became the watchwords of freedom loving people all over the world.
(d) Feudalism and serfdom were abolished and the power of clergy curbed.
(e) People were given the right to vote during the Jacobins.
(f) New reforms were introduced in education of girls during Jacobins time.
(g) Napoleon also reformed legal system by reorganising it and brought a progressive legal system. He also introduced economic reforms like fair tax system, increased trade and development of French luxury industries fashions, films, perfumes, etc. (any five points)

MAP SKILLS

Question 119.
Three items A, B and C are shown on the outline map of France. Identify these items with the help of following information and write their correct names on the lines marked on the map:
A. A place where fortress-prison was stormed by the people in 1789.
B. A port of France related to slave trade.
C. The National Anthem of France got its name from the name of this place.
D. Center of peasants panic movement.

Answer:
A. Paris
B. Bordeaux
C. Marseilles
D. Nantes

In essence, “A Legend of the Northland Extra Questions and Answers Class 9” is a mesmerizing narrative poem that unravels the mythical adventures of Hiawatha and his encounter with the cunning and enigmatic Pearl-Feather. Set in the captivating Northland, the poem weaves a tale of bravery, wit, and the triumph of good over evil. Read this also Extra Questions for Class 9 English with Answers.

A Legend of the Northland Extra Questions and Answers Class 9 English Beehive

A Legend of the Northland Extra Questions and Answers Short Answer Type

Question 1.
What is a legend? Why is this is called a legend?
Answer:
A legend is a very old story from ancient times, which may not always be true, and one that people tell about a famous event or person. A legend often teaches a lesson. This poem is called a legend because it tells an old story of Northland. This is the story of an old greedy woman who angered St. Peter and was turned into a woodpecker because of her greed, and the poet herself says, ‘I don’t believe it is true’.

Question 2.
Where does this legend belong to and what kind of country is it?
Answer:
The legend belongs to the “Northland”, an area that could refer to any of the extremely cold countries in the Earth’s north polar region, such as Greenland, the northern regions of Russia—Siberia, or the Scandinavian countries – Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland and Finland. It is a cold place where days are short and the nights are long.

Question 3.
Why does the poet say that the hours of the day are few?
Answer:
In the poem, the poet says the legend is told Northland. The Northland is a cold snow-covered region near the North Pole. Here the days are shorter and the nights are longer. As a result there are very few hours in a day.

Question 4.
Why are the People unable to sleep through the night?
Answer:
The people are unable to sleep through the night because the nights are very long and very cold.

Question 5.
‘And the children look like bear’s cubs.’ What have the children been compared to? Why?
Answer:
Northland is a cold place so the children have to wear funny furry dresses to protect themselves from cold. These dresses make them look like bear cubs.

Question 6.
What does the poet tell us about the story she is about to narrate? Why does she want to tell the tale?
Answer:
The poet says that she is going to tell a strange tale told by the people of Northlands. She admits that thoughthe story may not be true, still she wants to tell the story because it contains an lesson in generosity and philanthropy. She wants the readers to learn a lesson from the poem.

Question 7.
Who came to the woman’s house and what did he ask for?
Answer:
Saint Peter, while preaching round the world, reached the woman’s door. He had been travelling the whole day and was tired and hungry. When Saint Peter saw the woman making cakes, he asked her for one of her large store of cakes.

Question 8.
Why was Saint Peter tired and hungry?
Answer:
Saint Peter was an apostle of Jesus Christ. He travelled around the land, preaching the message of Christ. During the course of his journey, sometimes, he did not get food and water. Besides, he had to observe fasts also. This often left him tired and hungry.

Question 9.
What did Saint Peter ask the woman for? What was the woman’s reaction?
Answer:
Saint Peter asked the old lady for a cake from her store of cakes. The woman, who was very greedy, did not wish to part with her cakes as she felt they were too large to be given away. So she made a small cake for him, but, that too, seemed to her too big to be given away. In the end, she made a very small and thin cake. But she did not give even that cake to St. Peter and she put it away on the shelf.

Question 10.
Why did the woman bake a little cake?
Answer:
The woman in the poem has been shown as being highly stingy, miserly, greedy and mean by nature. Whenever she picked up a cake to give it away, it appeared to be too large to give away. Hence, she baked a ‘ very small cake for Saint Peter that was as thin as a wafer.

Question 11.
What happened to the cakes the woman baked for Saint Peter?
Answer:
The woman was greedy. When Saint Peter, tired and hungry, after his travels arrived at her cottage and asked for a cake from her large store, she had no desire to share anything with him. The woman tried time and again to bake a smaller and smaller cake for Saint Peter. But even when the cake was as thin as water, the woman felt the cake was too big to be given away to Saint Peter and she put it on her shelf.

Question 12.
Explain: ‘And surely such a woman was enough to provoke a saint.’ Who was the lady and how did she provoke the saint?
Answer:
The woman, who was making cakes when the saint visited her was mean and greedy. Though she could see the visitor was tired and hungry, she did not give him anything to eat. She baked caks that were smaller and smaller, till she made one that was as thin as a wafer, but she could not bear to part even with that. The old lady did not help the hungry and tired saint. Saints are known for their patience, but her selfishness angered the saint, who cursed her.

Question 13.
Why did Saint Peter curse the woman? What did he turn her into?
Answer:
Saint Peter cursed the woman because she had been miserly and selfish. He felt she was not fit to live in a human form and enjoy food, shelter and warmth. He turned her into a woodpecker who has to build its nest “as birds do” and gather its scanty food by boring in the “hard, dry wood” all day long.

Question 14.
‘For she was changed to a bird.’ Who was she and why was she changed to a bird?
OR
‘You are too selfish to dwell in a human form.’ Who said this and to whom? Why did he say so?
Answer:
A woman of Northland, who was miserly and selfish was changed to a woodpecker by Saint Peter. She had refused to give even a cake as thin as a wafer to the tired and hungry saint. So, as a punishment, she was turned to a bird who would have to live in a nest and bore into wood for her food.

Question 15.
How is the woman seen by the people of Northland?
Answer:
Boys going to the forest have seen the woman, as a woodpecker in the wood. She lives in a nest in the tree and bores into the hard dry wood for her food.

Question 16.
Do you think that the woman would have been so ungenerous if she had known who Saint Peter really was? What would she have done then?
Answer:
No, she would not have been so greedy and turned Saint Peter away. On the contrary, since she was a greedy woman, she would have wanted a reward from Saint Peter, and would likely have given him a large piece of cake to make him happy.

Question 17.
Describe the theme of the poem ‘A legend of the Northland ‘?
Answer:
Saint Peter once asked a woman baking cakes for something to eat. She was selfish and did not give any cake . to the hungry saint. It made the saint angry. He turned the lady into the bird. The bird keeps on searching for her food the whole day. We should not be greedy and always help the needy person.

Question 18.
What is a ballad? Is this poem a ballad?
Answer:
A ballad is a song narrating a story in short stanzas. Ballads are part of the folk culture and are passed on orally from one generation to another. The poem ‘A Legend of the Northland’ is also a ballad as it contains the story of an old selfish woman and has been passed on from generation to generation, “They tell them a curious story”.

Question 19.
What do you learn about the woman in the poem?
Answer:
The woman in the poem is greedy and selfish. She has a large store of cakes but refuses to give away even one that is as small as a wafer to a tired and hungry traveller.

Question 20.
What do you learn about Saint Peter in the poem?
Answer:
Saint Peter goes about the land preaching the message of God. As he goes on his journey, sometimes, he does not get food and water. Besides, he has to observe fasts also. This often leaves him tired and hungry. Despite being a saint, he is provoked to anger and he curses the woman, and she is turned into a woodpecker. Being a saint, he should have forgiven the woman and shown her some mercy.

A Legend of the Northland Extra Questions and Answers Long Answer Type

Question 1.
Describe Northland as done by the poet?
Answer:
The Northland is the area around the North pole, an area that includes any of the extremely cold countries in the Earth’s north polar region, such as Greenland, the northern regions of Russia—Siberia, or the Scandinavian countries Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland and Finland. It is a cold, snow-covered place where days are short and the nights are long.

In this region, hours of the day are few and nights are so long and so cold in winter that people are unable to sleep through the whole night. When it snows people harness their reindeers to pull their sledges. Because of extreme cold children look like bear’s cubs in because of funny and furry clothes.

Question 2.
Briefly narrate the legend of the old woman and St Peter?
Answer:
Once Saint Peter stopped by an old lady’s cottage because he was feeling hungry and weak after the day’s fasting. The lady was baking cakes on the hearth. When Saint Peter asked her for one of cakes, she tried to make a tiny cake for him. But as it was baking, she found it too large to be given away.

She tried baking two more times but even the smallest of cakes seemed too large to her. Such greedy behaviour of the lady annoyed the hungry saint.He cursed her saying that she was far too selfish to be a human, to have food, shelter and fire to keep her warm. Thus, she was transformed into a woodpecker.

All her clothes except her scarlet cap were gone as she went up the chimney and flew out of the top. Every country schoolboy is said to have seen her in the forest, boring into the wood for food till date.

Question 3.
What is the message of the poem?
Answer:
This poem teaches us that true happiness lies in sharing things with the persons who are in need. If we are greedy, we cannot have happiness in our life. On the other hand our charitable nature makes us think about pains and sorrows suffered by the other people. The little woman baking cakes was asked for something to eat by a tired and hungry traveller. The woman, who had a large store of cakes, was greedy and selfish.

She made smaller and smaller cakes, but in the end refused to part with any. Her greed and miserliness angered the weary traveller, Saint Peter, who told her that she was too selfish to dwell in human form, where she had food, warmth and shelter. He cursed her to become a bird and live in a nest and search for scanty food by digging all dry and hard wood.

A Legend of the Northland Extra Questions and Answers Reference to Context

Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow.

Question 1.
Away, away in the Northland,
Where the hours of the day are few,
And the nights are so long in winter
That they cannot sleep them through;

(a) Why is the word ‘away’ repeated twice?
Answer:
The word away has been repeated to create a sense of distance

(b) Which place is discussed in this stanza?
Answer:
Northland, or the cold polar region of the North, including Greenland, northern Europe and Siberia are being discussed here.

(c) What does “hours of the day are few” mean?
Answer:
The days are shorter than the nights

(d) Why can the people not sleep through the night?
Answer:
The winter nights are long and cold.

Question 2.
Where they harness the swift reindeer
To the sledges, when it snows;
And the children look like bear’s cubs
In their funny, furry clothes:

(a) What does ‘Where’ refer to?
Answer:
Where refers to Northland.

(b) Where are the reindeer harnessed? What does ‘swift reindeer’ convey?
Answer:
The reindeer are harnessed to the sledges. The phrase ‘swift reindeer’ conveys that the reindeer are very fast when they pull the sledges on the snow.

(c) Why do children look like bear cubs?
Answer:
Because of the cold, children are made to wear heavy woollen clothes that cover them up fully and make them look like bear cubs.

(d) Mention two characteristics of the place.
Answer:
The place is very cold; the days are shorter than the nights; people cannot sleep through the night.

Question 3.
They tell them a curious story—
I don’t believe ’tis true;
And yet you may learn a lesson
If I tell the tale to you.

(a) What is the ‘curious story’ that the people tell?
Answer:
The curious story is a legend of an old greedy lady who angered St. Peter and he cursed the lady for her greed.

(b) Who does not believe in the story?
Answer:
The poet does not believe the story to be true.

(c) Why does the poet narrate this tale?
Answer:
The poet narrates the story because it has a moral lesson.

(d) What lesson does it give?
Answer:
The tale teaches us a lesson that greed is a vice. One should not be greedy like the old lady who was cursed by St. Peter.

Question 4.
Once, when the good Saint Peter
Lived in the world below,
And walked about it, preaching,
Just as he did, you know

(a) Which line shows that St. Peter is not alive today?
Answer:
‘Once, when the good Saint Peter lived in the world below’ shows that St. Peter is not alive today

(b) Who was St. Peter?
Answer:
St. Peter was an apostle of Jesus Christ. His mission was to spread the teachings of Jesus Christ.

(c) What does the line “Lived in the world below,” mean?
Answer:
St Peter lived on earth

(d) What did St Peter do when he ‘Lived in the world below’?
Answer:
He went about the world preaching the message of God.

Question 5.
He came to the door of a cottage,
In travelling round the earth,
Where a little woman was making cakes,
And baking them on the hearth;

(a) Who does “he” refer to in the first line?
Answer:
He refers to Saint Peter.

(b) What was the little woman doing?
Answer:
The woman was baking cakes.

(c) What request did “he” make to the woman? Why?
Answer:
Saint Peter asked the woman for a cake because he was weak with hunger.

(d) Why did Saint Peter curse the woman?
Answer:
Saint Peter cursed the woman because she was highly stingy and mean and could not spare even a small cake from her large store for a weary traveller.

Question 6.
And being faint with fasting,
For the day was almost done,
He asked her, from her store of cakes,
To give him a single one.

(a) Why was St Peter about to faint?
Answer:
Saint Peter was tired and hungry, and so ready to faint.

(b) What had Saint Peter been doing?
Answer:
Saint Peter had been travelling, spreading the message of God.

(c) What time of the day was it?
Answer:
It was evening

(d) What did he ask the woman for?
Answer:
Saint Peter asked the woman for a cake from her large store.

Question 7.
So she made a very little cake,
But as it baking lay,
She looked at it, and thought it seemed
Too large to give away.

(a) Why did she bake a small cake?
Answer:
The woman baked a small cake for giving to the saint

(b) What did she think about it as she saw it being baked?
Answer:
She thought that the cake was too big to be given away in charity.

(c) What aspect of her character does this reveal?
Answer:
She is selfish and miserly.

(d) How was she punished for her greed?
Answer:
Saint Peter turned her into a woodpecker.

Question 8.
Therefore she kneaded another,
And still a smaller one;
But it looked, when she turned it over,
As large as the first had done.

(a) Who does ‘she’ refer to?
Answer:
‘She’ refers to the old little woman in the cottage.

(b) Who had come to her door? Why?
Answer:
Saint Peter had come to her door. He was hungry and wanted something to eat.

(c) Why was she kneading smaller and smaller cakes?
Answer:
She did not want to give away a large one to Saint Peter.

(d) What quality of the woman do her actions reveal?
Answer:
She is miserly and selfish.

Question 9.
Then she took a tiny scrap of dough,
And rolled and rolled it flat;
And baked it thin as a wafer —
But she couldn’t part with that.

(a) Who had asked the woman for a cake? Why?
Answer:
Saint Peter had asked the woman for a cake. He had been fasting the whole ay and was weak with hunger.

(b) Why did the old lady take a tiny scrap of dough?
Answer:
The old lady was a greedy woman. She wanted to give St. Peter, the smallest cake she could make.

(c) Why did she make the thin cake?
Answer:
She wanted to save her dough. She wanted to give him a very small cake. So, she made a cake as thin as a water.

(d) What did Saint Peter do?
Answer:
Saint Peter cursed the woman and turned her into a woodpecker.

Question 10.
For she said, “My cakes that seem too small
When I eat of them myself
Are yet too large to give away. ”
So she put them on the shelf.

(a) Who is the speaker in these lines?
Answer:
The woman is the speaker in these lines.

(b) When do the cakes seem too small?
Answer:
The cakes seemed too small foe eating them herself.

(c) What kind of cakes did the woman make?
Answer:
The woman made cakes that were smaller and smaller, till the last one was as thin as a wafer.

(d) What did the woman do with her cakes? Why?
Answer:
The woman put the cakes away because she felt that they were to big to be given away in charity.

Question 11.
Then good Saint Peter grew angry,
For he was hungry and faint;
And surely such a woman
Was enough to provoke a saint.

(a) Who was Saint Peter?
Answer:
Saint Peter was one of the apostles of Jesus Christ.

(b) Who was Saint Peter angry with? Why?
Answer:
Saint Peter was angry with the woman because of her greed and selfishness.

(c) How had the woman provoked the Saint?
Answer:
The woman had provoked Saint Peter by not giving him any cake from her plentiful store.

(d) What did Saint Peter do?
Answer:
Saint Peter cursed the woman and turned her into a woodpecker who would have to bore for her food.

Question 12.
And he said, “You are far too selfish
To dwell in a human form,
To have both food and shelter,
Andfire to keep you warm.

(a) Who is ‘he’? Who is he speaking to?
Answer:
He refers to Saint Peter. He is talking to the woman in the cottage.

(b) What did the saint say about the woman?
Answer:
He said she was too selfish to live in human form.

(c) Why was he angry with her?
Answer:
She had refused to give him anything to eat from her plentiful store, when he was faint with hunger.

(d) What benefits did he want her to forego?
Answer:
He wanted her to forego the basic benefits of food, shelter and a fire to keep her warm.

Question 13.
Now, you shall build as the birds do,
And shall get your scanty food
By boring, and boring, and boring,
All day in the hard, dry wood. ”

(a) What did St Peter turn the old woman into?
Answer:
Saint Peter turned the woman into a bird, a woodpecker.

(b) Why did he curse her?
Answer:
Saint Peter was angry with her because of her miserliness.

(c) What would she build?
Answer:
She would build a nest in the woods like other birds.

(d) How would she get her food?
Answer:
She would get her food by boring into the hard wood.

Question 14.
Then up she went through the chimney,
Never speaking a word,
And out of the top flew a woodpecker,
For she was changed to a bird.

(a) Who is ‘she’? How did she go up?
Answer:
“She’ refers to the woman. She went up through the chimney.

(b) Who changed her into a bird?
Answer:
Saint Peter had changed her into a bird by cursing her.

(c) Why did she change into a woodpecker?
Answer:
As the woman passed through the chimney and came out through the top, her clothes were burned and had become black but the scarlet cap on her head remained unchanged.

(d) Where did the woman live?
Answer:
She lived in a country in the Earth’s north polar region, such as Greenland, the northern regions of Russia, or the Scandinavian countries.

Question 15.
She had a scarlet cap on her head,
And that was left the same;
But all the rest of her clothes were burned
Black as a coal in the flame.

(a) What did Saint Peter ask the old lady for?
Answer:
Saint Peter asked the old lady for one of her baked cakes to satisfy his hunger.

(b) What was the lady’s reaction?
Answer:
The lady tried to bake a small cake for the Saint, but did not give him even that.

(c) Why did Saint Peter feel the woman should leave her human form?
Answer:
She was too selfish to live in human form and enjoy food, shelter and warmth.

(d) How does the woodpecker get its food?
Answer:
The woodpecker gets its food by boring holes into trees.

Question 16.
And every country schoolboy
Has seen her in the wood,
Where she lives in the trees till this very day,
Boring and boring for food.

(a) Where can the woman be seen now?
Answer:
She can be seen in the forest

(b) What is she doing?
Answer:
She can be seen boring into the trees for food

(c) What lesson do you learn from the poem?
Answer:
We should not be greedy and must always help the needy. ”

(d) Who was Saint Peter?
Answer:
Saint Peter was an apostle of Christ, who went about preaching the message of God.

Extra Questions for Class 9 Social Science with Answers is a pivotal stage in your academic journey, where you explore subjects like history, geography, economics, and political science. To excel in these subjects, it is essential to have a solid grasp of the concepts and be able to apply them to real-world scenarios. These extra questions will serve as a valuable resource to reinforce your understanding, test your knowledge, and prepare you for exams.

NCERT Extra Questions for Class 9 Social Science with Answers Pdf

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To put it simply, “A Dog Named Duke Extra Questions and Answer for Class 9 English Literature” is more than just a tale of a pet; it’s a testament to the profound impact animals can have on our lives. The emotional depth of the story and the heartfelt portrayal of Duke’s loyalty resonate with readers, making it a heartwarming tale that tugs at the heartstrings. Read this also Extra Questions for Class 9 English with Answers.

A Dog Named Duke Extra Questions and Answers Class 9 English Literature

A Dog Named Duke Extra Questions and Answers Short Answer Type

Answer the following questions briefly.

Question 1.
Why was Duke put in a kennel?
Answer:
Duke was put in a kennel because Chuck had an accident which meant he would not be returning home for a long time. Marcy also would not be home much and there would have been no one to take care of Duke.

Question 2.
Why did Chuck not show much improvement in the hospital?
Answer:
Chuck was probably not being able to come to terms with the fact that he would never regain his health but would remain a cripple all his life. This thought depressed him and slowed down his rate of recovery.

Question 3.
How did Duke behave when he saw Chuck after he came back from the hospital?
Answer:
Duke was so excited to see his master that he launched himself on his master causing him to almost fall down.

Question 4.
Did Duke’s return have any effect on Hooper?
Answer:
After the first day when Duke threw himself on him and Chuck had stood up to welcome him, Chuck did not show any more enthusiasm. He would spend his days in silence, staring at the ceiling for hours.

Question 5.
“The dog knew instantly”—What did he know? How did he behave thereafter?
Answer:
He instantly realised that his master was not well and after that he never jumped on Chuck again but stayed by his bedside around the clock, staring at him in silence.

Question 6.
“Duke finally couldn’t take it.” What does the narrator mean by this? What change did Duke bring about?
Answer:
Duke could not take the long hours of silence from Hooper and his apathy and listlessness. He started poking and nudging Chuck till at last Chuck was forced to respond.

Question 7.
“It was like lighting a fuse. Duke shimmied himself U-shaped in anticipation.” Explain.
Answer:
This line refers to the effect Chuck had on the dog when his good hand idly hooked the leash onto the dog’s collar. The dog jumped up in anticipation that his master would take him for a walk. It made the dog all excited.

Question 8.
“The pair set daily goals.” Who were the pair? What were their daily goals?
Answer:
The “pair” refers to Chuck and his dog Duke. Their goal refers to their determination to get Chuck walking and resuming his normal life. Every day they increased the distance and walked till Chuck was able to walk long distances without help from Duke.

Question 9.
What did Duke do when his master fell in his attempt to walk?
Answer:
Duke would stand very still while his master struggled to get up. It seemed as if he felt it was his job to get his master back on his feet.

Question 10.
Did Chuck give up after Duke’s death? Give reasons for your answer.
Encourage the students to think creatively and formulate their own answer.
Answer:
No, Chuck continued to walk and work as he had done with Duke by his side. He had realised the deep love, dedication, and patience that the dog had shown in getting him back on his feet and he could not let all that effort go in vain.

A Dog Named Duke Extra Questions and Answers Long Answer Type

Question 1.
Describe the first attempts made by Hooper to walk.
Answer:
Hooper’s good hand held onto the leash attached to the dog’s collar and he asked Marcy to help him to his feet. With Marcy supporting him by the elbow, he moved his right leg out in the front, causing the left foot to drag forward alongside the right leg. Duke felt the sudden slackness in his leash and he pulled it tight. Chuck swayed forward, broke the fall with his right leg, and then straightened.

Thrice he repeated the same before collapsing into his wheelchair, thus taking his first step since his accident. Everyday thereafter the dog and his master would set targets for the day, slightly further from the day before and not rest till the target for the day was accomplished. In this way from one step they took several steps to reach the door and finally covered the neighbourhood and beyond.

Question 2.
Write a character sketch of Chuck Hooper. What kind of a man do’you think he was?
Answer:
Before the accident Chuck appears to be a happy-go-lucky m$n who has everything going for him. He has a job, a loving wife, a comfortable home with a dog he loves, and the opportunity to play in the football team. But the accident brings out the real depth of his character. After he shakes off his initial despair and gloom, he appears to be a determined, persevering young man who is not afraid to stretch his limits. He shows tremendous courage in facing his handicap and finding a way to live life on his terms in spite of it. He also has the sensitivity to appreciate the dog’s efforts to help him. His hard working nature and independence is apparent in the way he comes back to work and is promoted due to the excellent work that he puts in.

Question 3.
Charles Hooper writes a diary entry after Duke dies, detailing the impact the dog has had on his life. Write the entry.
Answer:
12 April 20xx
Duke died today. A part of me has been buried with him. There is much that I have to thank Duke for. After my accident I saw no reason to live. I lay in my bed for months staring at the ceiling. Marcy, my wife was so upset to see me so morose and depressed. That is when she decided to bring Duke back home from the kennel where she had put him while I was in hospital. The day he returned I tried to stand up to welcome

him. With a giant leap he launched himself on me. He was so excited and happy to see me! But he was so sensitive; he immediately sensed that all was not fine with me. After that he never jumped on me but sat by my bedside quietly staring at me. For some weeks he sat patiently but one day he decided to take me outside and started prodding and nudging me till I had to give in and try to stand.

I can never forget the care and effort he put in to help me walk. I would hold on to his leash while he would walk forward holding it tight waiting for me to drag my legs till I reached him, then he would run ahead and wait for me. In this way I started walking—first a few steps then some more and finally around the neighbourhood. I owe Duke so much. It is really hard to let him go. May you rest in peace!

Question 4.
Marcy writes a letter to her mother in another city informing her about the change in Chuck’s attitude since the return of Duke, mentioning the effort Duke has been putting in goading Chuck out of the bed. Write the letter.
Answer:
15 August 20xx XYZ
Dear Mother,
I never thought there would be a day when I would be grateful to Duke! But it is true, that dog is a wonder! He has managed to get Chuck out of his bed today! I could hardly imagine this was possible.

When I returned from work I saw Chuck standing holding on to Duke’s leash. Then Duke moved ahead and waited with his leash tight while Chuck slowly shuffled his legs to move forward till he was just behind Duke and the leash was loose. Then Duke again moved forward and stood with his leash straining tight. Once again • Chuck moved forward but was so tired out by the effort that he collapsed into his wheelchair!

I am so happy, Duke is such a godsend. He is so sensitive in spite of his huge size. He understands Chuck’s needs and adjusts his movements to suit Chuck’s. He is better than any physiotherapist! He has got my Chuck once again interested in life. Now I am hopeful that Chuck will resume as normal a life as possible under the circumstances.
Your daughter,
Marcy

A Dog Named Duke Extra Questions and Answers Reference to Context

Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow.

Question 1.
In 1953, Hooper was a favoured young man. A big genuine grin civilized his highly competitive nature. Standing six-foot-one, he’d played on the university football team. He was already a hard-charging zone sales manager for a chemical company. Everything was going for him.
(a) With reference to Hooper, the author says, “Everything was going for him.” What does it imply?
Answer:
The author implies that Hooper had everything that a man aspires for.

(b) What was Hooper’s occupation and what made him well suited for the job?
Answer:
Hooper was a hard-charging zone sales manager for a chemical company. He was well suited because of his pleasant personality and competitive nature.

(c) In your own words can you define what hard-charging means?
Answer:
Hard-charging means ambitious or working or performing with a lot of energy and skill

Question 2.
“Hooper was taken to the hospital with a subdural haemorrhage. ”
(a) How did Hooper get hurt?
Answer:
Hooper got hurt in a car accident.

(b) What does subdural haemorrhage mean?
Answer:
The medical term subdural haemorrhage means bleeding in the brain.

(c) For how long did Hooper have to stay in the hospital?
Answer:
Hooper stayed in the hospital for many months.

Question 3.
“But Chuck did not make much headway. ”
(a) What was wrong with Chuck?
Answer:
Chuck was paralyzed after an accident.

(b) What does “did not make much headway” mean?
Answer:
It means that Chuck did not show any signs of recovering.

(c) How did Chuck regain his enthusiasm for life?
Answer:
He regained his enthusiasm for life because of his dog, Duke

Question 4.
“Finally they decided to bring Duke home. ”
(a) Whom does “they” refer to?
Answer:
In the given extract “they” refers to Hooper and his wife.

(b) Where had Duke been?
Answer:
Duke had been put in a kennel after Hooper met with an accident.

(c) Why did they decide to bring Duke home?
Answer:
Hooper was bed ridden and needed companionship. They decided to bring Duke home as he could help Hooper get out of his listlessness.

Question 5.
Those who saw it said the dog knew instantly. He never jumped on Chuck again. From that moment, he took up a post beside his master’s bed around the clock.
(a) Why did Duke never jump on Chuck again?
Answer:
Duke realised that Chuck was not well and could not balance himself.

(b) The author says that Duke “knew his job”. What was the job?
Answer:
Duke’s job was to look after Chuck.

(c) Explain the phrase ‘around the clock’.
Answer:
The phrase around the clock means all day and all night.

Question 6.
“ Go run around the house Duke. ’ But Duke wouldn’t. He’d lie down with a reproachful eye. ”
(a) Why was Duke unhappy with Hooper?
Answer:
Duke was unhappy with Hooper as Hooper was not showing any interest in getting well.

(b) What do these lines tell us about Duke?
Answer:
These lines tell us that Duke did not wish to leave his master alone. He was determined to make his master get up.

(c) What does the phrase ‘reproachful eye’ mean?
Answer:
The phrase ‘Reproachful eye’ means that Duke was looking at Hooper disapprovingly.

Question 7.
“Duke felt the sudden slack in the leash and pulled it taut. ”
(a) Why did Duke pull his leash?
Answer:
Duke pulled the leash as he was helping Chuck to walk.

(b) What does the word “taut” mean?
Answer:
Taut means very tight.

(c) What was the result of Duke’s help?
Answer:
The result of Duke’s help was that Hooper regained his confidence and started to walk.

Question 8.
“By mid-April, neighbours saw a daily struggle in front of Marcy’s house. ”
(a) What is the “daily struggle” being referred to?
Answer:
Here the “daily struggle” refers to Hooper getting out of the house to practice his walk.

(b) Who were the ones who struggled?
Answer:
Duke and Hooper were the ones who struggled.

(c) What had happened to Hooper?
Answer:
Hooper had become paralyzed after an accident.

Question 9.
“Gordon this isn’t just a visit. Bring me up to date…”
(a) Who is Gordon?
Answer:
‘ Gordon was Hooper’s manager at work.

(b) Who is the speaker?
Answer:
The speaker of the extracted line is Hooper.

(c) What does he mean when he says “this isn’t just a visit?”
Answer:
When Hooper says “this isn’t just a visit”, he means he had come to work.

Question 10.
“Chuck hit the target and after March 1, there was no time for the physiotherapy programme… ”
(a) What target does Chuck hit?
Answer:
The target Chuck had was to work a full day.

(b) What did this prove about Chuck? What was the result of Hooper’s hitting the target?
Answer:
It proved that he was persevering, determined, and painstaking. He was appointed regional sales manager for hitting the target.

(c) What do you mean by physiotherapy?
Answer:
Physiotherapy is the treatment of injuries or disease by exercise or massage.

Question 11.
“They carried the big dog into the house.”
(a) Why did they have to carry the dog into the house?
Answer:
They had to carry the dog into the house because he had been run over by a car.

(b) Who carried the dog in?
Answer:
Marcy carried the dog inside.

(c) How does the person’s present attitude differ from earlier attitude?
Answer:
Marcy did not like the dog earlier but after everything he did for Hooper she loved him now.

Question 12.
“Marcy was not really a dog lover…It took a long time before Marcy was more than polite to the dog. ”
(a) Who was Marcy?
Answer:
Marcy was Hooper’s wife.

(b) Explain “More than polite to the dog”
Answer:
“More than polite to the dog” means Marcy finally accepted the dog in their house.

(c) Why was Marcy wary of the dog at first?
Answer:
Marcy was wary of the dog at first because it was very big and boisterous.

In a nutshell, “A Slumber did my Spirit Seal Extra Questions and Answers Class 9” is a thought-provoking poem that delves into the themes of loss, mortality, and the impermanence of life. The poem’s protagonist narrates a haunting experience of love and loss, leaving readers with lingering questions about the nature of existence. With concise lines and evocative imagery, Wordsworth manages to touch the depths of human emotions, making this poem a timeless masterpiece in English literature. Read this also Extra Questions for Class 9 English with Answers.

A Slumber did my Spirit Seal Extra Questions and Answers Class 9 English Beehive

A Slumber did my Spirit Seal Extra Questions and Answers Short Answer Type

Question 1.
What does the poet mean by ‘spirit’ and in what state was it?
Answer:
In the poem the word ‘spirit’ refers to the mind of the poet. He was in a slumber. That is, a deep sleep or a state of unawareness as if unconscious to the realities of life. It is as if he was drugged or under some spell.

Question 2.
What caused the slumber of the poet?
Answer:
The poet was passionately in love with the girl. Her death shocked and saddened him. He felt bitter grief. His deep emotion overwhelmed his mind. Such was the intensity of his sorrow that it overpowered his consciousness.

Question 3.
What changes did the slumber bring in the poet’s feelings?
Answer:
The poet was shocked and saddened by his beloved’s death. But the slumber brought peace to his mind. He realised that his beloved had become part of Nature and would always remain around him.

Question 4.
Who does not feel any human fears? Why?
Answer:
The poet does not feel any fears and his soul feels at peace, as though asleep and existing in a deep calm where he has nothing to fear. His love for Lucy was so strong that he did not want her to grow old and suffer the problems of old age as human beings do. She would not now be marked by the passing of time or the ravages of nature as other mortals are. For him, she has attained the status of a supernatural being.

Question 5.
Explain the line: “The touch of earthly years”. Who would not feel the touch of earthly years?
Answer:
The expression “The touch of earthly years,” refers to the ravages of old age faced by human beings – the depletion of energy, diseases, senility and death which a person has to suffer as one grows old during life on this earth. The poet’s beloved Lucy will not face the problems of old age as she is no more alive.

Question 6.
How does the poet come out of his ‘slumber’?
Answer:
The poet comes out of ‘slumber’ as the realisation dawns of him that with her death Lucy is no longer a human being and as vulnerable to death as others. She has become an immortal being and he sees her as a supernatural goddess. This brings him out of his unconsciousness or ‘slumber’.

Question 7.
How does the poet react to his loved one’s death?
Answer:
At first the poet is shocked by the death of his beloved and he feels bitter grief. But after some realisation, he feels a great peace. He is content that the passing of time will no longer affect her. She has become part of Nature and is free from human travails.

Question 8.
The poet does not refer to the death of Lucy. How does he reveal that she is no more?
Answer:
The poet does not refer to Lucy as being dead directly. However, he makes it obvious that she is no longer alive by stating that she has become completely still, motionless, inactive and inert. Moreover, she has lost her senses of hearing and seeing.

Question 9.
How does the poet imagine “her” to be after death?
Answer:
The poet imagines her to be at peace after death. She is in a deep sleep, no longer affected by worldly affairs or by the passage of time. She is now part of nature. ‘No motion has she now, no force She neither hears nor sees,’

Question 10.
What does the poet mean by “earth’s diurnal course”? How has “she” become a part of earth’s diurnal course?
Answer:
The phrase “earth’s diurnal course” refers to the daily rotation of the earth on its axis that causes day and night. According to the poet Lucy has become an inseparable part of the earth after her death. As she has mingled with the earth, she naturally participates in its daily course just like the stones, the rocks, and the trees.

Question 11.
What is the relation of Lucy with rocks, stones, and trees?
Answer:
Lucy, after her death, has part of Nature as she has mingled with the soil. As such she is a part of the other things on the earth like rocks, stones or trees. She has now become a part of Nature.

Question 12.
What is the central theme of the poem?
Answer:
The poem deals with the loss of a loved one through death and the sorrow that follows. The death of Lucy left the poet in great pain. However, Wordsworth conveys the idea that death may separate our loved ones from us but they always remain around us in the form of nature. Wordsworth immortalizes Lucy by stating that she lives on in Nature after her physical death. Therefore, the death of a loved one should not leave us grief-stricken.

A Slumber did my Spirit Seal Extra Questions and Answers Long Answer Type

Question 1.
Give a brief summary of the poem ‘A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal’ in your own words.
Answer:
In the poem A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal the poet says that grief over the death of his beloved has left him numb and that human fears no longer affect him. But he realises the reality of life after her death and through this realisation he has now attained peace. He is content as the passing of time will no longer affect her. She is in her grave, covered with soil and has thus become the part of Nature and of the earth. She is rolling with the earth as it turns from day to night and vice versa.

Question 2.
How did Lucy’s death affect the poet? What does it reveal about his attitude towards her?
Answer:
The poet remarks that he had become unaware of the realities of life when he was under the spell of Lucy’s love. He felt as if he was under some spell and this seemed to have clouded his sense of reasoning. He felt Lucy was not subject to the consequences of time and the aging process. He did not realise she would one day be conquered by death. For him, she had attained the status of a supernatural being – a goddess or a deity beyond worldly suffering.

Such was the poet’s intensity of love for the girl that he was blind to the hard fact of life that everybody who is born has to ultimately die. Death, however, leaves her unable to perform any physical activity. As he comes to terms of her death, the poet feels that in her death his beloved Lucy has become a part of Nature. She is now under the surface of the earth and revolving along with it on its path. He tells us that like other stones, rocks and trees she also revolves with the earth now.

Question 3.
How does the poet reveal that Lucy is dead without using the words ‘death’ or ‘dead’? What according to him, has happened to Lucy after her death?
Answer:
Though the poet does not use the words ‘death’ or ‘dead’ for Lucy, yet he is able to convey very clearly that Lucy is no longer alive. He writes that Lucy has lost all force and strength; she has become absolutely inert and motionless. Her body has lost all activity. The young girl is also deprived of her senses like that of hearing or seeing. He says that her body has integrated itself with the earth. She has become as inseparable from the earth as stones, rocks, or trees. Like them, she rolls with the earth as it rotates on its axis. The idea that she still exists as a part of the earth soothes the mind of the poet who does not shed tears or cry over her death.

A Slumber did my Spirit Seal Extra Questions and Answers Reference to Context

Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow.

Question 1.
A slumber did my spirit seal
I had no human fears.
She seemed a thing that could not feel
The touch of earthly years.

(a) What was the poet’s state of mind when Lucy was alive?
Answer:
When Lucy was alive the poet was in a state of spiritual peace as he did not even think about her aging or dying.

(b) What was the ‘human fear’ he did not have?
Answer:
It blinded him to the reality that eventually all things that are born perish or die one day.

(c) Why did he not have this fear?
Answer:
The poet could not imagine that she was a human being and subject to suffering and death.

(d) How does the poet imagine her to be, after death?
Answer:
The poet imagines her to now be a part of nature.

Question 2.
A slumber did my spirit seal-
I had no human fears.
She seemed a thing that could not feel
The touch of earthly years.

(a) Who does ‘she’ refer to?
Answer:
The poet does not disclose in the poem the identity of the girl. But because the poem is one of the Lucy Poems, she refers to Lucy, the girl Wordsworth loved.

(b) What could she not feel?
Answer:
She could not feel the touch of earthly years.

(c) Explain “the touch of earthly years”.
Answer:
By “the touch of earthly years”, the poet means the ravages of time or the process of aging.

(d) Why does the poet say that his loved one is rolling round in the way of the earth?
Answer:
The poet says that his beloved is a part of Nature she is also moving round with the earth.

Question 3.
No motion has she now, no force –
She neither hears nor sees,
Rolled round in earth’s diurnal course
With rocks and stones and trees.

(a) What happened to the poet’s beloved?
Answer:
The poet’s beloved was dead.

(b) Where is she now?
Answer:
After her death she has become one with Nature.

(c) How does she become an inseparable part of nature?
Answer:
She has become an integral part of nature as she is buried and has become one with the earth.

(d) Explain: she is in “earth’s diurnal course with rocks and stones and trees”?
Answer:
She is now a participant in the daily routine of the earth and rolls with it along with the rocks and trees and other things of Nature.

Question 4.
No motion has she now, no force –
She neither hears nor sees,
Rolled round in earth’s diurnal course
With rocks and stones and trees.

(a) What does the word ‘slumber’ refer to?
Answer:
The word ‘slumber’ refers to a deep sleep. Here it refers to death.

(b) How will time not affect the poet’s beloved?
Answer:
The poet’s beloved is dead and therefore has become immortal.

(c) ‘No motion has she now, no force.’ Why is ‘she’ motionless?
Answer:
‘She’ is the poet’s beloved who is no longer alive. Therefore she is motionless.

(d) What is the central theme of the poem?
Answer:
The poet wants to convey the idea that though death separates our loved ones from us but they always remain around us in the form of nature.

In the following sections, you will find thought-provoking questions that delve into various aspects of socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution. From the emergence of socialist ideas to the events that unfolded during the Russian Revolution, these questions will provide you with a comprehensive understanding of this transformative period in history. Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution Class 9 Extra Questions with Answers this is the best one. Read this also Extra Questions for Class 9 Social Science with Answers.

Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution Class 9 Extra Questions with Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who controlled economic and social powers before the 18th century in France?
Answer:
The aristocracy and the church controlled the economic and social powers in France before the 18th century.

Question 2.
Name any two Indians who talked of the significance of the French Revolution.
Answer:
Raja Rammohan Roy and Derozio talked of the significance of the French Revolution.

Question 3.
What were the varied responses in Europe about transformation of society?
Answer:
There were some who accepted that some changes were necessary but wished to have a gradual shift while others wanted radical restructuring of the society.

Question 4.
Mention the type of government favoured by the liberals.
Answer:
They insisted on a representative, elected parliamentary government, subject to laws interpreted by a well-trained judiciary that was independent of rulers and officials,

Question 5.
How can you say that the ‘liberals’ were not ‘democrats’? [HOTS]
Answer:
The liberals were not democrats because they did not believe in universal adult franchise and felt that only men of property should have a right to vote. They were against voting rights to women.

Question 6.
Mention one significant view of the radicals.
Answer:
Radicals wanted a nation in which the government was based on the majority of a country’s population.

Question 7.
When did the conservatives become receptive to the need of change?
Answer:
After the French Revolution, the conservatives became receptive to some kind of change.

Question 8.
Which group of ideology was against any kind of political or social change earlier in the 18th century?
Answer:
The conservatives, in the early 18th century were against any kind of political and social change.

Question 9.
What were the ideas of ‘conservatives’ regarding social change in the 19th century?
Answer:
The conservatives believed that some change was required in the society but the changes should be slow.

Question 10.
What kind of developments took place as a result of new political trends in Europe?
Answer:
As a result of new political trends in Europe industrial revolution occurred, new cities came up and railways expanded.

Question 11.
List the major change during industrialisation.
Answer:
Men, women and children were brought to factories during industrialisation.

Question 12.
What were the firm beliefs of the liberals?
Answer:
The liberals firmly believed in the value of individual effort, labour and enterprise.

Question 13.
How would society develop according to the liberals?
Answer:
Liberals believed that societies would develop if freedom of individuals was ensured, if poor could labour, and those with capital could operate without restraint.

Question 14.
Who were the people that wanted to put an immediate end to the existing governments in Europe in 1815?
Answer:
Some nationalists, liberals and radicals who became revolutionaries wanted to put an immediate end to the existing governments in Europe in 1815.

Question 15.
What were nationalists views about revolutions?
Answer:
The nationalists viewed that revolutions would create nations where all citizens would enjoy equal rights.

Question 16.
Who was responsible for achieving equal rights in Italy?
Answer:
An Italian nationalist, Giuseppe Mazzini, conspired with others to achieve equal rights to all citizens in Italy after 1815.

Question 17.
Why were the socialists against private property?
Answer:
The socialists were against private property because individuals who owned property were concerned only about their personal gains rather than social welfare.

Question 18.
What were the two different visions of the socialists for future?
Answer:
Some socialists like Robert Owen believed in the idea of cooperatives and build cooperative community called New Harmony in Indiana. Others like Louis Blanc felt that it could not be achieved through individual initiative. Governments should encourage cooperatives.

Question 19.
What did Karl Marx want workers to overthrow? Why?
Answer:
Karl Marx wanted the workers to overthrow capitalism and free themselves from capitalist exploitation.

Question 20.
Which international body was formed in Europe in the 19th century to coordinate the efforts of socialists all over Europe?
Answer:
An international body was formed in Paris in 1889, to coordinate the efforts of socialists all over Europe. It was called the Second International.

Question 21.
Name the socialist parties formed in Britain and France in 1905.
Answer:
Labour Party was formed in Britain by socialists and trade unionists. A Socialist Party was also formed in France.

Question 22.
Who was the ruler of Russia and its empire in 1914?
Answer:
The ruler of Russia and its empire was Tsar Nicholas II.

Question 23.
Mention the regions included in Russian empire.
Answer:
The Russian empire included territory around Moscow and current-day Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, parts of Poland, Ukraine and Belarus. It also comprised some of today’s Central Asian states.

Question 24.
Name the religions practised in the Russian empire.
Answer:
The religions in the Russian empire included Russian Orthodox Christianity’, Catholics, Protestants, Muslims and Buddhists.

Question 25.
Which was the major occupation of Russian people at the beginning of twentieth century?
Answer:
Agriculture was the occupation of about 85 per cent of the Russians at this time.

Question 26.
Name the prominent industrial areas in the Russian empire.
Answer:
St Petersburg and Moscow were the prominent industrial areas.

Question 27.
Name any two factors that led to the setting up of industries in Russia by the end of the 19th century.
Answer:
The expansion of Russian railway network and increase in foreign investment led to the setting up of industries in Russia by the end of the 19th century.

Question 28.
What was the commune/mir?
Answer:
The commune/mir was a cooperative community of people in Russia living together and sharing possessions and responsibilities.

Question 29.
Mention the role of Socialist Revolutionary Party. .
Answer:
The Socialist Revolutionary Party struggled for peasants’ rights and demanded that land belonging to nobles be transferred to peasants.

Question 30.
On what point did the Social Democrats and Socialist Revolutionaries differ with each other? [HOTS]
Answer:
The socialists felt that peasants were not a united group. Some were poor while others were rich, some worked as labourers while others were capitalists.

Question 31.
How was the Socialist Revolutionary Party divided over the strategy of organisation?
Answer:
One group under Lenin felt that the party should be disciplined and number and quality of members should be maintained. Others wanted the party to be open to all.

Question 32.
Which communities demanded constitution during 1905 Revolution? Who supported them?
Answer:
Liberals, Social Democrats and Socialist Revolutionaries with peasants and workers demanded constitution. Nationalists and jadidists supported them.

Question 33.
Who were jadidists?
Answer:
The jadidists were the Muslim reformers within the Russian empire. They wanted modernised Islam to lead their societies.

Question 34.
What was Bloody Sunday?
Answer:
Bloody Sunday was an incident when a workers procession led by Father Gapon was attacked by the police and at Winter Palace Cossacks killing hundreds.

Question 35.
What do you mean by Union of Unions?
Answer:
During the 1905 revolution, lawyers, doctors, engineers and other middle class workers established a union of unions and demanded a constituent assembly.

Question 36.
Why did the Tsar dismiss the first Duma within 75 days of its election?
Answer:
The Tsar dismissed the first Duma within 75 days of its election because the Tsar did not want any reduction in his power and anyone to question his authority.

Question 37.
Between which two European alliances First World War broke out?
Answer:
The two European alliances were Germany, Austria and Turkey and France, Britain and Russia.

Question 38.
Give one instance of high anti-German sentiments in Russia.
Answer:
Renaming of St Petersburg a German name, as Petrograd showed the high anti-German sentiments.

Question 39.
What made autocracy unpopular in Russia?
Answer:
The German origin of the Tsarina Alexandra and advisers like the monk Rasputin made the autocracy unpopular in Russia.

Question 40.
What were the divisions in the layout of the Petrograd city?
Answer:
Workers’ quarter and factories were located on the right bank of River Neva whereas on the left bank fashionable area, the Winter Palace and official building were located.

Question 41.
Which division faced the food shortages in February 1917?
Answer:
The workers’ quarters was affected deeply with the food shortages in February.

Question 42.
To which the Tsar’s desire of Parliamentarians were opposed? Why?
Answer:
Parliamentarians were opposed to Tsar’s desire to dissolve the Duma to preserve the elected government.

Question 43.
Why did a lockout take place at a factory on the right bank of the River Neva on 22 February, 1917?
Answer:
A lockout took place at a factory on the right bank of the River Neva on 22nd February, 1917 in favour of the workers at the left bank of the river. They had a bad time due to severe winter and food shortages.

Question 44.
Which events took place after the Tsar abdicated on 2nd March?
Answer:
The events that took place after the abdication of Tsar on 2nd March 1917 were:
(a) Forming of the Provisional Government.
(b) Decision to set up a constituent assembly.

Question 45.
Who formed the Provisional Government to run the country?
Answer:
Soviet and the Duma leaders formed a Provincial Government to run the country.

Question 46.
Who were influential in the Provisional Government?
Answer:
Army officials, landowners and industrialists were influential in the Provisional Government.

Question 47.
What were Lenin’s ‘April Theses’?
Answer:
The three demands of Vladimir Lenin after his return to Russia in April 1917 were called Lenin’s April Theses’.

Question 48.
Why were most of the Bolshevik Party members initially surprised by ‘April Theses’?
Answer:
Most of the Bolshevik Party members were surprised by the April Thesis’ because of the following reasons.
(a) They wanted continuation of World War I.
(b) They thought that time was not ripe for a socialist revolution.
(c) Government needed to be supported at this time.

Question 49.
What do you mean by nationalisation of banks and industries?
Answer:
This meant that the ownership and management of banks and industries held by the government.

Question 50.
Name the ship that protected the Winter Palace during the October Revolution in 1917 in Russia.
Answer:
Aurora protected the Winter Palace during the October Revolution in 1917 in Russia.

Question 51.
What was Budeonovka?
Answer:
Budeonovka was the Soviet hat that was chosen to assert change in army uniform.

Question 52.
What was the Bolshevik Party renamed after October Revolution?
Answer:
Bolshevik Party was renamed the Russian Communist Party after the October Revolution.

Question 53.
What was Cheka?
Answer:
Cheka was the secret police set up by the Bolsheviks to clamp down on its critics.

Question 54.
To whom did the ‘reds’, ‘greens’ and ‘whites’ refer to during the Civil War in Russia?
Answer:
The ‘reds’ were the Bolsheviks
The ‘greens’ were the Socialist Revolutionaries
The ‘whites’ were the pro-Tsarists.

Question 55.
Name the countries that supported the Socialist Revolutionaries and the pro-Tsarists in Russia.
Answer:
France, America, Britain and Japan supported the Socialist Revolutionaries and pro-Tsarists in Russia.

Question 56.
What were Stalin’s views about rich peasants and traders?
Answer:
Stalin viewed that rich peasants and traders held stocks of foodgrains hoping for higher prices in future.

Question 57.
Who were the ‘Kulaks’?
Answer:
Kulakas were the rich peasants who held most of the land in Russia.

Question 58.
What was the problem associated with small-sized farms in Russia? .
Answer:
Production in the small-sized farms declined as modern farming cannot be used.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 59.
Liberals were not Democrats. Explain. [CBSE 2016]
Or
Why do we say that liberals could not be called ‘democrats’?
Answer:
The liberals could not be called democrats because even though they argued for a representative, elected parliamentary government, subject to laws interpreted by a well-trained judiciary that was independent of rulers and officials, they did not believe in universal adult franchise and also did not want the voting rights for women. They felt right to vote should only be given to the propertied men.

Question 60.
Describe the views of radicals. [CBSE 2014]
Answer:
The following were the viewpoints of the radicals.
(a) Radicals wanted a nation in which government was based on the majority of a country’s population.
(b) Many supported women’s suffragette movements.
(c) They opposed the privileges of great landowners and wealthy factory owners. Though they favoured private property, they disliked concentration of property in the hands of a few.

Question 61.
What were the viewpoints of the conservatives?
Answer:
The conservatives had the following viewpoints.
(a) In the beginning of the eighteenth century, they were opposed to the idea of change.
(b) Later in the nineteenth century, they accepted that some change was inevitable.
(c) At the same time they believed that the past had to be respected and change had to be brought about through a slow process.

Question 62.
How should society, according to liberals and radicals, develop?
Answer:
Liberals and radicals were often property owners and employers. They acquired wealth through industrial ventures and trade. They believed that society could develop in the following ways.
(a) They strongly believed that if the workforce is healthy and educated, more profits could be earned.
(b) They firmly believed in valuing individual efforts, labour and enterprise.
(c) They believed that the society would develop if poor could work and freedom of all individuals is ensured.
(d) For this, they wanted investment and trade to be carried out without restrictions.

Question 63.
Why were socialists against private property and saw it as the root of all social ills? [HOTS]
Or
To what changes did the socialists campaign for?
Or
Explain the Socialist view on private property.
Answer:
The socialists were against private property because of the following reasons.
(a) They believed that private property was the root cause of all social evils.
(b) Individuals who owned property, did provide employment but at the same they are much more concerned with personal gains.
(c) They did not bother about the welfare of the people. .
(d) Socialists also felt that if society controlled property, more attention would be paid to collective social interests and concentration of wealth in the hands of a few could be restricted.

Question 64.
What was the basic principle of the Marxist theory?
Answer:
Marx believed that the condition of workers could not improve as long as private capitalists had profit motive. Workers had to overthrow capitalism and the rule of private property. Workers must construct a radically socialist society where all property was socially controlled. This would be a communist society, the natural society of the future.

Question 65.
Explain how workers were divided in social groups. [CBSE 2013]
Answer:
The workers were divided in social groups in Russia in the following ways.
(a) Some workers were closely linked to their villages while others settled in the cities permanently,
(b) The division among the workers was on the basis of skills they possessed. Metalworkers were on the high level as their work required training.
(c) Apart from males, women also formed a considerable working force in the factories though they were paid less than the males.

Question 66.
Discuss the relationship between peasants and nobles in Russia during early 19th century.
Answer:
Peasants cultivated most of the land that was owned by the nobility, the crown and the Orthodox Church. Nobility had no respect except in few cases. Peasants demanded the land of the nobles to be distributed to them. Often they refused to pay rent and even murdered landlords. Such events were on rise all over Russia.

Question 67.
How did Social Democrats disagree with Socialist Revolutionaries? ICBSE 2016]
Answer:
Social Democrats disagreed with Socialist Revolutionaries in the following ways.
(a) Social Democrats believed workers to be the mainforce of revolution whereas Socialist Revolutionaries argued that peasants would be the revolutionary class.
(b) Social Democrats wanted benefits for the workers and control on the factors of production. Socialist Revolutionaries on the other hand demanded land to the peasants.
(c) Social Democrats felt that peasants were not a united group as they were rich and poor and many owned large tracts of land. Socialist Revolutionaries favoured peasants as natural socialists.

Question 68.
What was the difference between Bolshevik and Menshevik group. [CBSE 2016]
Or
Who were the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks?
Answer:
The Bolsheviks were the majority group led by Vladimir Lenin who thought that in a repressive society like Tsarist Russia, the party should be disciplined and control the number and quality of its members. They were the group who conducted the Russian Revolution.
Mensheviks, on the other hand, were the minority group who thought that the party should be open to all. They did not believe in revolution but wanted to bring changes through democratic means.

Question 69.
What made the Tsar the ‘autocrat of all the Russians’? Describe the steps he took just before the Russian Revolution.
Answer:
Russia followed autocracy. The Tsar was not subject to Parliament. This made the Tsar the autocrat of all Russia. The liberals in Russia campaigned to end this state of affairs.
The following steps were taken by the Tsar just before the Russian Revolution to ascertain his authority.
(a) All political parties were declared illegal in Russia.
(b) Every possible effort was taken to crush the rebellion and revolution against the Tsar.

Question 70.
Why is Tsarist Russia termed as a repressive society?
Answer:
Tsarist Russia is termed as a repressive society because of the following reasons.
(a) Large tracts of land were owned by nobility, crown and the Orthodox Church. Nobles enjoyed privileges at the cost of the common people.
(b) Political parties were illegal. No one could raise voice against the aristocratic class.
(c) Tsar enjoyed unconditional power without being responsible to any one.

Question 71.
Describe the incident known as ‘Bloody Sunday’.
Answer:
The following events gave way to the incident known as Bloody Sunday.
(a) The dismissal of four members of the Assembly of Russian Workers called for an industrial action by the workers.
(b) Over 110,000 workers in St Petersburg went on strike in 1905, demanding a reduction in the working day to eight hours, an increase in wages and improvement in working conditions.
(c) When this procession led by father Gapon reached the Winter Palace it was attacked by the police and the Cossacks. Hundreds of the workers were killed and many hundreds wounded. This incident came to be known as Bloody Sunday. It started a series of events that later resulted in the 1905 Revolution.

Question 72.
How did the destruction of Russian industries after the First World War become one of the causes of resentment of people?
Or
What effects did the First World War have on industry of Russia?
Answer:
The First World War had a devastating impact on industries. Russia had few industries and on that supplies of industrial goods were cut off due to war. Industrial equipments began to disintegrate rapidly, railway lines began to break down. All the able-bodied men were engaged in war which resulted in the shutdown of the small workshops. Grains were supplied to the army engaged in war. This created food shortages. In cities, bread and flour became scarce. Riots at the bread shops became a common scene in Russia.

Question 73.
Discuss Lenin’s ‘April Theses’. [CBSE 2016]
Or
What were the demands referred in Lenin’s ‘April Theses’?
Answer:
The following were the demands referred to in Lenin’s April Theses’.
(a) World War I should be brought to an end.
(b) Land should be transferred to the peasants.
(c) Banks should be nationalised.

Question 74.
What were the effects of the February Revolution in Russia?
Answer:
Ans. The following were the effects of the February Revolution in Russia.
(a) The Tsar abdicated and monarchy was brought down.
(b) The Soviet leaders and Duma leaders formed a Provisional Government to run the country.
(c) Russia’s future would be decided by a constituent assembly, elected on the basis of universal adult suffrage.

Question 75.
Why did the Kerenskii government become unpopular in Russia? [HOTS]
Answer:
The Kerenskii government became unpopular in Russia because of the following reasons.
(a) He tried to suppress the workers’ movement. Peasants in the countryside had started demanding redistribution of land.
(b) The Bolshevik demonstrators was suppressed. Many of them had to go into hiding.
(c) Kerenskii was suspected of setting up a dictatorship and Lenin persuaded the Petrograd Soviet and Bolshevik Party to agree to a socialist seizure of power.
(d) Sensing the trouble to be caused by the revolutionaries he left the city to summon troops.

Question 76.
Mention any two changes introduced by Stalin in the Russian economy. How did Stalin deal with the critics?
Answer:
The following changes were introduced by Stalin.
(a) Elimination of kulaks, the well-to-do farmers. The land from the kulaks was taken and state-controlled farms were established.
(b) Collectivisation of land i.e., Stalin’s collectivisation programme was followed. All peasants had to cultivate collective farms (Kolkohz) and the profit was shared by the peasants working on the land.
There were peasants’ resistances which Stalin dealt with severely. The critics were charged with conspiracy against socialism. Many were deported and exiled and forced into prisons or labour camps. Many were forced to make false statements under torture and were later executed.

Question 77.
Why was the decision to collectivise farms taken?
Answer:
Russia was facing acute shortages of grain supplies. The price at which grains must be sold was fixed by the government. Still the peasants refused to sell their grains to the government. Stalin thought that rich peasants and traders in the countryside were holding stocks in the hope of higher prices. This created a shortage. Therefore, the decision to collectivise farms was taken. It was felt that small size farms were not as productive as they could not be modernised which caused the shortage. Modern farming was the need of the hour. They wanted to run farms along industrial lines with machinery.

Question 78.
“By the 1950s it was acknowledged within the country that the style of government in the USSR was not in keeping with the ideals of the Russian Revolution.” Why was this said?
Answer:
By 1950s the style of government in the USSR was not in keeping with the ideals of the Russian Revolution. It was said because of the following reasons:
(a) No doubt Russia, being a backward country, had become a great power with developments in industries and agriculture and feeding the poor. But at the same time its citizens were denied the essential freedoms.
(b) Its developmental projects were carried through repressive policies.
(c) Workers faced hardships with poor working conditions.

Question 79.
What were the main objectives of the Russian Revolutionaries? [HOTS]
Answer:
The following were the main objectives of the Russian Revolutionaries.
(a) Peace: The Russian revolutionaries wanted to maintain peace and order in the country. The people of Russia were against the war. Just after the fall of Tzar, Russia withdrew from the war.
(b) Land to the Tiller: The Russian revolutionaries were of the opinion that the agricultural land should be allotted to the cultivators as the peasants in Russia were leading a miserable life under the large landowners.
(c) Control of industry by the workers: In Russia, the capitalists greatly exploited the workers. This made the condition of Russian workers deplorable. There was great need to control the industry by workers themselves.
(d) Equal status for the non-Russian nationalists: The Russian revolutionaries demanded equal status
for the non-Russian nationalities. Just after the revolution, a declaration of the people was issued by the new government conferring them political autonomy. (any three)

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 80.
What changes did industrialisation bring to the then society in Russia?
Answer:
The following changes were brought in the Russian society with the advent of industrialisation.
(a) The society saw profound social and economic changes.
(b) It was a time when new cities came up and new industrialised regions developed and railways expanded.
(c) Industrial Revolution brought men, women and children to factories.
(d) Work hours were often long and wages were very low.
(e) During the time of low demand, unemployment was common.
(f) As the towns were growing rapidly, problems like housing and sanitation emerged.

Question 81.
What solutions did radicals and liberals find to the problem of the industrial society?
Answer:
The following solutions were found by the radicals and the liberals to the problems of Industrial society.
(a) They felt that efforts should be made to make the workforce healthy and educated.
(b) They were opposed to the privileges enjoyed by the old aristocracy.
(c) They advocated value of individual effort, labour and enterprise.
(d) They thought of freedom of individuals so that poor could labour and those with capital could operate freely. This would develop the society.
(e) It was also sought that the government should be removed through revolution.

Question 82.
Explain how a society, according to socialists, can operate without property. What would be the basis of socialist society?
Answer:
Socialists had different visions of the future. Robert Owen, a leading English manufacturer, sought to build a cooperative community called New Harmony in Indiana (USA). Some other socialists felt that cooperatives could not be built on a wide scale through individual initiative only. The governments must encourage cooperatives and replace capitalist enterprise. The same view was propagated by Louis Blanc in France. It was said that cooperatives were to be associations of people who produced goods together and divided the profits according to the work done by members.
More ideas were added to this body of arguments by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Marx argued that industrial society was capitalist who owned resources and invested in the factories. The profit was produced by the workers but they did not gain anything. Their condition could improve only if they were freed from the clutches of capitalist exploitation.
Control of means and factors of production by the workers themselves can be the basis of such a socialist society. For this, the workers needed to construct a radically socialist society where all property was socially controlled. This would be a communist society.

Question 83.
What developments took place in Europe in support of socialism?
Answer:
The following developments took place in Europe in support of socialism.
(a) An international body, called the Second International was formed by the socialists to coordinate the efforts of the workers.
(b) Workers Associations were formed to fight for better living and working conditions.
(c) Funds were set up to help members in times of distress.
(d) Workers demanded a reduction in working hours and the right to vote.
(e) In many places in Europe, these associations worked closely with the Social Democratic Party and helped it win parliamentary seats.
(f) In 1905, socialists and trade unionists formed Labour Party in Britain and a Socialist Party in France.

Question 84.
What were the events preceding the 1905 Revolution in Russia?
Answer:
The following events preceded the 1905 Revolution in Russia.
(a) The year 1904 was a particularly bad one for Russian workers. Prices of essential goods rose rapidly and the real wages declined.
(b) The membership of workers’ associations rose dramatically.
(c) There was a call for an industrial action when four of the workers at the Putilov Iron Works were dismissed.
(d) There were mass strikes by the workers demanding reduction in the working hours, an increase in wages and improvement in working conditions.
(e) When a procession of workers led by the Father Gapon reached the Winter Palace it was attacked by the police and the cossacks that killed hundreds of the workers. This incident is known as Bloody Sunday.
(f) There were strikes all over the country and universities closed, student bodies staged walkouts, complaining lack of civil liberties. Various unions of doctors, engineers and other middle-class workers were established that demanded a constituent assembly. (any five)

Question 85.
Describe the steps taken by Tsar Nicholas II after the Revolution to maintain his authority.
Answer:
The following steps were taken by Tsar Nicoholas II after the Russian Revolution to maintain his authority:
(a) Under pressure, he allowed the creation of an elected consultative Parliament or Duma.
(b) Most committees and unions were declared illegal. Severe restrictions were placed on political activity.
(c) Later he dismissed the first Duma within 75 days and re-elected second Duma within three months.
(d) The voting laws were changed.
(e) The third Duma was packed with conservatives and tried to keep liberals and revolutionaries out of the Duma.

Question 86.
What were the conditions in Russia during the First World War?
Answer:
The following were the conditions in Russia during the First World War.
(a) Russia became a part of First World War in 1914. In the beginning, the war was popular. The Tsar refused to consult the main parties in the Duma. This led to weaken the support within Russia. Anti-German sentiments among the Russians were on an increase. St Petersburg, a German name was renamed as Petrograd.
(b) Russia’s armies suffered defeats in Germany and Austria between 1914 and 1916. Casualties were very high. Soldiers did not wish to fight such a war. The retreating Russian army destroyed crops and buildings to prevent them from being used by the enemies. This led to millions of refugees in Russia.
(c) The Tsar and the government were further discredited for the situation.
(d) The war also had a severe impact on industry. Russia had few industries and that too were cut
off from suppliers of industrial goods by German control of the Baltic Sea. Industrial equipment began to disintegrate, railway lines began to break down.
(e) Able-bodied men were called up to the war that resulted in labour shortages and shut down of small workshops.
(f) Grains were sent to feed the army which led to food shortage in cities. Riots at bread shops were common. (any five)

Question 87.
Discuss the role and importance of Lenin in the history of the USSR. [HOTS]
Or
Examine the role of Lenin in Russian Revolution.
Answer:
After returning from exile, Lenin felt that the time was right for the Soviets to take over the power in Russia. Following was the role played by Lenin in Russian Revolution 1917.
(a) He led the Bolsheviks in the revolution.
(b) He declared three points, to end war, transfer land to peasants and nationalisation of banks that came to be known as April Theses.
(c) He introduced radical land reforms that led to turn Russia into a socialist society.
(d) He was the driving force behind the October Revolution that eventually led to the formation of the Soviet Union.
(e) Lenin was instrumental in the victory of Bolsheviks in the civil war (1917-1922).

Question 88.
Why did Bolshevik Party accept the ‘April Theses’? Give any five reasons. [CBSE 2016]
Answer:
Bolshevik Party accepted the April Theses’ because of the following reasons.
(a) The Provisional Government under Kerenskii failed to fulfil the aspirations of the people like land to the tiller, peace, control of industries by the workers, etc. Rather it became more unpopular.
(b) The government was under the influence of landowners, army officials and industrialists that affected its decisions.
(c) Lenin felt that time had come to seize the power from the government.
(d) People’s demands were included in the programme along with exit from the war and nationalisation of banks.
(e) Lenin’s view was accepted when the Provisional Government began suppressing the Bolsheviks.

Question 89.
Discuss the civil war that took place in Russia after the October Revolution and its consequences.
Answer:
When the Bolsheviks ordered land redistribution the Russian army began to break up. They wished
to return home for getting land. Non-Bolshevik socialists, liberals and supporters of autocracy condemned the Bolshevik uprising with the support of those who were apprehensive of the growth of socialism. There was mass looting, banditry and famine during the civil war. The pro-Tsarists who supported private property suppressed the peasants and took their land. This made non-Bolsheviks unpopular. Bolsheviks were supported by non-Russian nationalities and jadidists. Local nationalists were massacred by the Bolsheviks.
Consequences:
The following were the consequences of the civil war in Russia.
(a) The civil war created confusion about the Bolsheviks way of working.
(b) It made the Bolsheviks quite unpopular.
(c) Non-Russian nationalities were given political autonomy.
(d) Nomadism was harshly discouraged.
(e) The Bolsheviks failed to win over different nationalities.

Question 90.
Mention the important steps taken by Lenin to improve the agriculture and economy of Russia.
Answer:
The following steps were taken by Lenin to improve agriculture and economy of Russia.
(a) Most of the industries and banks were nationalised.
(b) He ordered land redistribution and permitted peasants to cultivate the land.
(c) Centralised planning was introduced. Five year plans were made.
(d) The government fixed all price during the first two year plans.
(e) Communes were set up and income was divided according to the principles of cooperative commission.

Question 91.
What steps were taken to improve the condition of factory workers and peasants in Russia after the civil war?
Answer:
The following steps were taken to improve the conditions of the factory workers in Russia after the civil war.
(a) Various industries were set up like in Magnitogorsk city.
(b) Extended schooling system developed so that factory workers could also access universities.
(c) Creches for children of women factoryworkers were established.
(d) Cheap public healthcare was provided. Model living quarters were built up for workers.
(e) Lenin ordered land redistribution and permitted peasants to cultivate the land.
(f) Communes were set up and income was divided according to the problems of cooperative commission.

Question 92.
Critically examine Stalin’s collectivisation programme. [HOTS]
Answer:
Stalin began collectivisation programme to find a solution to the food shortage. But this proved to be disastrous in the subsequent years in the following ways:
(a) The policy of eliminating kulaks and establishing state-owned farms was widely criticised.
(b) Peasants were compelled to work in the kolkhoz.
(c) Peasants resisted the authorities and their livestock were destroyed. It resulted in the decline of cattle.
(d) Policy of deportation and severe punishment was followed for all those who refused to do so.
(e) There was no such increase in the production of food grains. Even his party members criticised Stalin the way the policy was followed.

Question 93.
Explain the global influence of the Russian Revolution and the USSR.
Or
Explain the impact of the Russian Revolution on the world. [CBSE 2014]
Answer:
The following was the global influence of Russian Revolution and the USSR.
(a) In many countries, communist parties were formed on the line of Russia.
(b) It gave the world a new economic system known as socialism.
(c) The Bolsheviks encouraged colonial peoples to follow their experiment. It inspired a number of freedom movements in other countries.
(d) Many non-Russians from outside the USSR participated in the Conference of the Peoples of the East and the Bolshevik-founded Comintern. Some even received education in the USSR’s Communist University of the Workers of the East.
(e) By the time the Second World War broke, socialism had acquired a global face.
(f) Though by the end of the twentieth century, the image of USSR as a socialist country declined, yet it’s socialist ideals were respected and rethought in many ways suiting individual interests.

Map Skills

Question 94.
Seven features A, B, C, D, E, F and G are marked on the political map of world. Identify these features with the help of given information and write their correct names.

Central Powers of First World War.
Allied Powers of First World War.

Our answers draw from the expertise of historians and subject matter experts, ensuring accuracy and reliability. Whether you’re studying for exams or seeking a deeper understanding of Nazism and the Rise of Hitler Class 9 Extra Questions with Answers, this article serves as a valuable resource. Read this also Extra Questions for Class 9 Social Science with Answers.

Nazism and the Rise of Hitler Class 9 Extra Questions with Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who was Helmuth?
Answer:
Helmuth, was an eleven-year-old German boy who overheard his parent’s discussion on whether the entire family should be killed or only his father should commit suicide.

Question 2.
Who was Helmuth’s father?
Answer:
Helmuth’s father was a Nazi and supporter of Adolf Hitler.

Question 3.
‘Nazism was a system.’ Explain.
Answer:
Nazism did not consist of few isolated acts. It was a structure of ideas about the world and politics.

Question 4.
Who was Goebbels? How did Hitler and Goebbels meet their end?
Answer:
Goebbels was the propaganda minister of Hitler. They, along with Goebbels’ family committed suicide collectively in Hitler’s Berlin bunker in April 1945.

Question 5.
Why was International Military Tribunal set up at Nuremberg, at the end of the war?
Answer:
The International Military Tribunal was set up at Nuremberg by the Allies to prosecute Nazi war criminals for Crimes against Peace, for War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity.

Question 6.
Name the countries which formed the Axis Powers during the Second World War.
Answer:
Germany, Italy and Japan formed the Axis Powers.

Question 7.
Explain ‘genocidal war’.
Answer:
Genocidal war means killing on large scale, leading to elimination of large section of people.

Question 8.
How did Nazis kill the innocent people?
Answer:
They devised an unprecedented means of killing people, i.e., by gassing them in numerous killing centres like Auschwitz

Question 9.
What was the attitude of the Allied Powers at the Nuremberg Tribunal?
Answer:
The Nuremberg Tribuanl sentenced only eleven leading Nazis to death. Many were imprisoned for life. The Allies had a lenient attitude towards Germany. The Allies did not want to be harsh on Germany, as they were after the First World War.

Question 10.
Name the countries which formed the Allied powers.
Answer:
At the beginning of the second world war, Allied powers were led by U.K. and France. In 1941 they were joined by USSR and USA.

Question 11.
What was the result of First World War for Germany?
Answer:
Germany and the central powers were defeated in November 1918. Germany had to sign the humiliating Treaty of Versailles.

Question 12.
What events made an opportunity for parliamentary parties to recast German polity?
Answer:
The defeat of imperial Germany and abdication of the emperor (Kaiser) led to recast German polity.

Question 13.
What was the nature of the government formed in Germany at Weimar?
Answer:
The government formed at Weimar was a democratic republic.

Question 14.
How were the deputies elected under the Weimar constitution?
Answer:
Deputies were elected to the German parliament or Reichstag on the basis of equal and universal votes cast by all adults including women.

Question 15.
Why was the Weimar Republic not received well by its own people?
Answer:
The Weimar Republic was not received well by its own people because of the terms it had to accept after Germany’s defeat at the end of the First World War. The Treaty of Versailles with the Allies was a harsh and humiliating peace.

Question 16.
Name the peace treaty signed by Germany with the Allies at the end of the First World War.
Answer:
The Treaty of Versailles was signed between Germany and the Allied Powers at the end of the war.

Question 17.
What was the War Guilt clause in the Treaty of Versailles?
Answer:
The War Guilt clause, in the Treaty of Versailles held Germany responsible for the War and damages suffered by the Allied Powers.

Question 18.
Who were mockingly called the ‘November criminals’?
Answer:
Socialists, Catholics and Democrats were called the ‘November Criminals’.

Question 19.
‘The media glorified trench life’. What was the actual truth about trench life?
Answer:
Although the media glorified trench life, the soldiers lived a miserable life, trapped with rats feeding on corpses. They faced poisonous gas and enemy shelling.

Question 20.
Who founded the Communist Party of Germany?
Answer:
The Spartacists founded the Communist Party of Germany.

Question 21.
Mention the reason for economic crises in 1923.
Answer:
Germany depended largely on loans for fighting in wars and for this they had to pay war reparations in gold.

Question 22.
What steps were taken by the French when Germany refused to pay its gold reserves in 1923?
Answer:
French occupied its leading industrial area, Ruhr, to claim their coal when Germany refused to pay its reparation payment in 1923.

Question 23.
What do you mean by hyperinflation?
Answer:
It is a situation when prices rise phenomenally high. For instances, Germans paid cartloads of currency notes to buy a loaf of bread.

Question 24.
Why did USA introduce the Dawes Plan?
Answer:
Germany did not pay reparation payments to France, which occupied Ruhr. Germany resisted and printed paper currency. The value of German mark gradually fell. The Americans intervened and introduced the Dawes Plan, which reworked the terms of reparation payment to ease the financial burden on Germany.

Question 25.
What is Wall Street Exchange?
Answer:
It is the name of the world’s biggest stock exchange. It is located in USA.

Question 26.
‘Small businessmen, self-employed and retailers were filled with the fear of proletarianisation’. Explain ‘proletarianisation’.
Answer:
It is a fear of being reduced to the ranks of the working class or be unemployed.

Question 27.
What is proportional representation?
Answer:
It is an electoral system in which each political group gains a number of seats in the legislature that is in proportion to the number of votes it wins.

Question 28.
What was Article 48 in the Weimar constitution?
Answer:
Article 48 in the Weimar constitution gave the President the powers to impose emergency, suspend civil rights and rule by decree.

Question 29.
Name the party renamed by Hitler.
Answer:
In 1919, Hitler joined a small group called German Workers’ Party. Subsequently, he took over the organisation and renamed it the National Socialist German Workers’ Party. This party later came to be known as the Nazi Party.

Question 30.
How did Nazism become a mass movement?
Answer:
During the Great Depression, Nazism became a mass movement because Nazi propaganda gave hopes of a better future. By 1932 it become the largest party with 37 per cent votes.

Question 31.
How did Hitler get the support of the Germans?
Answer:
Hitler was a very good orator, who could draw the attention of the people and impress them with his words. He promised to build a strong nation and wipe out the humiliation of the Treaty of Versailles. He promised employment.

Question 32.
How was the Hitler projected by the Nazi propaganda?
Answer:
The Hitler was projected as a messiah, a saviour, as someone who arrived to deliver people from their distress.

Question 33.
When did President Hindenburg offer Chancellorship to Hitler? How did he use his powers?
Answer:
On 30 January 1933, President Hindenburg offered the Chancellorship to Hitler. It was the highest office in the cabinet of ministers. Hitler took steps to dismantle the structures of democratic rule.

Question 34.
What was the Fire Decree of 28 February 1933?
Answer:
The Fire Decree of 28 February 1933 suspended civic rights like freedom of speech, press and assembly for an indefinite period, which were guaranteed under the Weimar constitution.

Question 35.
Who were the arch-enemies of Hitler and the Nazis?
Answer:
The Communists were the arch-enemies of Hitler and the Nazi Party.

Question 36.
What was the Enabling Act (3 March 1933)?
Answer:
The Enabling Act, passed on 3 March 1933, established dictatorship in Germany. It gave Hitler all powers to rule by decree and without the consent of the Parliament.

Question 37.
What was ‘Gestapo’?
Answer:
Gestapo was the secret state police. People could be detained in Gestapo torture chambers and then sent to concentration camps, deported at will or arrested without any legal procedures.

Question 38.
Who was given the responsibility of economic recovery by Hitler? What was his aim?
Answer:
Hitler assigned the responsibility of economic recovery to the economist Hjalmar Schacht, who aimed at full production and full employment through a state-funded work-creation programme.

Question 39.
What was produced under the project of state-funded work-creation programme?
Answer:
This project produced the famous German superhighways and the people’s car, the Volkswagen.

Question 40.
Name the country occupied by Germany under the’ slogan ‘One people, One Empire and One Leader’.
Answer:
Under the above slogan Austria and Germany integrated in 1938 by Hilter.

Question 41.
Why did the England provide an unspoken support to German’s foreign policy?
Answer:
England considered the Versailles verdict too harsh so it provided an unspoken support to the Germans.

Question 42.
How did the Second World War start?
Answer:
In September, Germany invaded Poland. This started the war with England and France.

Question 43.
Why did Hitler conquer Eastern Europe?
Answer:
Hitler conquered Eastern Europe because he wanted to ensure food supply and living space for Germans.

Question 44.
Why was the attack on Soviet Union, a historic blunder?
Answer:
The attack on Soviet Union in June 1941 was a historic blunder because it exposed German western front to British aerial bombing and the eastern front to the powerful Soviet armies.

Question 45.
Name the place where Soviet Red Army inflicted a crushing defeat on Germany.
Answer:
The Soviet Red Army inflicted a crushing and humiliating defeat on Germany at Stalingrad.

Question 46.
Why did USA enter the Second World War?
Answer:
Japan was expanding its power in the east and had captured French Indo-China and was planning attacks on US naval bases in the Pacific. When Japan attacked the US base at Pearl Harbor, the US entered the Second World War.

Question 47.
How did the Second World War end?
Answer:
The Second World War ended in May 1945 with Hitler’s defeat and dropping of the atom bomb on Hiroshima in Japan by USA.

Question 48.
What was Hitler’s worldview?
Answer:
Hitler’s worldview was synonymous with Nazi ideology According to this ideology, there was no equality between people but only a racial hierarchy.

Question 49.
Name two thinkers who influenced the racial ideology of Hitler.
Answer:
The two thinkers were Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer.

Question 50.
Explain ‘Lebensraum’.
Answer:
‘Lebensraum’ or living space. Hitler believed that new territories had to be acquired for settlement.

Question 51.
How did Hitler’s ideology was related to the geopolitical concept of ‘Lebensraum’ or living space?
Answer:
Hitler believed that new territories would increase the area of mother country. It would increase the material resources and power of the German nation.

Question 52.
Mention the reason for Nazi hatred for Jews.
Answer:
The Nazi hatred had a precursor in the traditional Christian hostility. Jews had been stereotyped as killers of Christ and usurers.

Question 53.
What was General Government in Poland?
Answer:
Nazis divided occupied Poland into two parts. Much of north-western Poland was annexed to Germany. The other part was called General Government. All ‘undesirables’ were sent to this part where they were killed in gas chambers. Large number of Jews were killed.

Question 54.
How were the Polish children treated by the Nazis?
Answer:
Polish children who looked like Aryans were examined by race experts. It they passed the race test they were sent to German families, if not they were sent to the orphanages, where they died.

Question 55.
What was the distinguishing mark which all Jews had to wear from September 1941?
Answer:
From September 1941, all Jews had to wear a yellow Star of David, on their breasts. It was also stamped on their passports, all legal documents and houses.

Question 56.
From September 1941 all Jews had to wear a yellow Star of David on their breast. Why?
Answer:
Jews had to wear a yellow Star of David, so that they could be segregated from the German population. This mark was also stamped on their passports, legal documents and houses.

Question 57.
What is a ghetto?
Answer:
It was a part of the city, where the Jews lived eg. Lodz and Warsaw. It became a site of extreme misery and poverty.

Question 58.
Name any two ghettos.
Answer:
The two Ghettos are Lodz and Warsaw.

Question 59.
Which sport, according to Hitler, made children iron-hearted, strong and masculine?
Answer:
Hitler believed that boxing could make children iron-hearted, strong and masculine.

Question 60.
What were the Honour crosses awarded to the mothers?
Answer:
To encourage German women to produce more children, they were given Honour awards—bronze cross was given for four children, a silver cross for six and gold for eight or more children.

Question 61.
What was mass killing? For whom were the words final solution used?
Answer:
It was termed as special treatment. Final solution was used for the Jews.

Question 62.
What were disinfection areas?
Answer:
The gas chambers were called disinfection areas. They looked like bathrooms fitted with fake showerheads.

Question 63.
What did the term evacuation mean?
Answer:
It meant taking people to the gas chambers.

Question 64.
What was Holocaust?
Answer:
The Nazi killing operations were called Holocaust.

Question 65.
Name the most infamous film about the Jews.
Answer:
The most infamous film was The Eternal Jew.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 66.
State the verdict of the Nuremberg Tribunal. Why did the Allies avoid harsh punishment to Germany? [CBSE 2014]
Answer:
The Nuremberg Tribunal convicted Germany and dubbed its conduct during war as crime against humanity. The allies avoided harsh punishment to Germany because of the following reasons.
(a) They did not want to repeat the mistakes done after First World War by being harsh to Germany that gave rise to the ideology of Nazism under Hitler.
(b) They were conscious about another destructive war that could erase humanity.

Question 67.
“The TVeaty of Versailles was humiliating on the Germans.” Give three examples in support of your statement. [HOTS]
Answer:
The Treaty of Versailles was humiliating on the Germans in the following ways.
(a) The War Guilt clause held Germany responsible for the war and damages, the Allied countries suffered.
(b) Germany was forced to pay compensation amounting to £ 6 billion.
(c) Germany lost her overseas possessions, 13 per cent of her territories, 75 per cent of its iron and 26 per cent of its coal to France, Poland, Denmark and Lithuania.

Question 68.
‘The Weimar constitution had some inherent defects.’ Explain.
Answer:
The Weimar constitution had some inherent defects, which made the government weak and unstable and vulnerable to dictatorship. The defects were:
(a) Proportional representation: It became impossible for any one political party to achieve a majority, leading to coalition government.
(b) Article 48: It gave the President the powers to impose emergency, suspend civil rights and rule by decree.
Within a short period Weimar Republic saw twenty different cabinets lasting 239 days on an average. People no longer had faith in the democratic parliamentary system.

Question 69.
State three ways in which Nazi state established total control over its people. [CBSE 2014]
Answer:
The Nazi state established total control over its people by the following ways.
(a) The Enabling Act 1933 established dictatorship in Germany. All trade unions and political parties were banned except for the Nazi Party.
(b) The state established total control over the economy, media, army and judiciary.
(c) Special surveillance and security forces were created to control society in the ways that Nazis Wanted.

Question 70.
How did the Nazi state get the reputation as the most dreaded criminal state?
Answer:
Special surveillance and security forces were created to keep a close watch on the activities of the people and to control and order society in the ways that Nazi wanted. Apart from regular police force and SA or the Storm Troopers, there was the Gestapo (secret state police), the SS (the protection squads), the criminal police and the Security Service (SD) the new organised forces enjoyed extra-constitutional powers. These dreaded organisation and their workings gave the Nazi state the reputation of the most dreaded criminal state. People could be detained in torture chambers and sent to concentration camps or arrested and detained without any legal procedures.

Question 71.
‘By the end of 1940, Hitler was at the pinnacle of his power.’ Explain the statement with examples. [CBSE 2014]
Answer:
(a) In foreign policy, Hitler acquired quick successes. He left the League of Nations, reoccupied Rhineland, annexed Austria, took German-speaking Sudentenland from Czechoslovakia and finally the whole country.
(b) In September 1939, Germany invaded Poland. It started the war with England and France. Puppet governments who supported Hitler were set up in many parts of Europe.
(c) In September 1940, Hitler signed a Tripartite pact with Italy and Japan to strengthen his claim to international power.

Question 72.
What was Hitler’s aim in conquering Eastern Europe? What was its result?
Answer:
Hitler wanted to conquer Eastern Europe because he wanted to ensure food supplies and living space for the Germans. He attacked Soviet Union in June 1941. The Red Army inflicted a humiliating defeat on Germany. It was a historic blunder on the part of Germany. Her western frontiers were exposed to British aerial bombing and eastern frontier to the soviet army. The soviet army established its control over the entire Eastern Europe.

Question 73.
‘The Nazis established a racial state, once they come to power.’ Explain.
Or
How the Nazi established a racial state after coming into power?
Answer:
Once the Nazis come to power, they wanted to create an exclusive racial community of pure Germans and eliminating those who were seen as ‘undesirables’. They wanted a society of pure and healthy Nordic Aryans. They were considered as ‘desirables’. It meant even those Germans, who were seen as impure or abnormal had no right, to exist. „
Jews were not the only community who were classified as ‘undesirables’. Many gypsies and blacks living in Nazi Germany were considered as racial inferiors and threatened the purity of the Aryan race. They were widely persecuted. Even Russians and Poles were considered as subhuman. Many of them died through hard work and starvation.

Question 74.
Mention the communities termed as ‘desirables’ and ‘undesirables’ by the Nazis. [CBSE 2016]
Answer:
The ‘desirables’ included blond, blue-eyed, Nordic German Aryans. He wanted a society of pure
and healthy Nordic Aryans.
The ‘undesirables’ included many gypsies, blacks, Jews remained the worst sufferers. Even those ‘ Germans who were seen as impure or abnormal had no right to live. Under the Euthanasia Programme they were condemned to death. Even Germans who were mentally and physically unfit were put to death.

Question 75.
Why did Helmuth’s father shoot himself?
Answer:
Helmuth’s father was a prominent physician and had been a Nazi and a supporter of Adolf Hitler. Germans, who were seen as impure or abnormal, were ‘undesirables’ and had no right to exist under the Euthanasia Programme. Helmuth’s father along with other physicians and officials had condemned to death many Germans who were considered as mentally and physically unfit. They knew that the Allies would take revenge. So he shot himself in his office.

Question 76.
Define genocidal war. Mention any two methods adopted for extermination of Jews. [CBSE 2014]
Answer:
Genocidal war means killing on large scale leading to the destruction of large sections of people.
The following two methods were adopted for the extermination of Jews.
(a) Passing them through gas chambers in various killing centres like Auschwitz, Treblinka, Sobibor.
(b) They were kept in ghettos. Ghettos were sites of extreme poverty and misery. Jews had to surrender all their wealth before they entered the ghetto. Soon after, some were brimming with hunger, starvation and disease due to poor hygiene.

Question 77.
How was Nazi ideology taught to the youth in Germany? Explain. [CBSE 2015]
Answer:
(a) Nazi ideology was taught to the youth in school. School textbooks were rewritten. These books
justified Nazi ideas of racism. Hitler believed that boxing could make children iron-hearted, strong and masculine.
(b) Youth organisations like Jangvolk, Hitler Youth, Youth league and Labour Services were made responsible for educating German youth in the spirit National socialism or Nazism.
(c) The German mothers had to teach Nazi values to their children.

Question 78.
How did the common people react to Nazism?
Answer:
Common People reacted to Nazism in different ways.
(a) One group of Germans were influence by Nazi thinking they felt hatred and anger when they saw someone who looked like a Jew. They marked the houses of the Jews and reported them suspicious neighbours.
(b) Many Germans organised active resistance against Nazism and faced death.
(c) The third group of Germans were passive spectators, they were scared to act or protest.

Question 79.
Who wrote the book ‘Third Reich of Dreams’? What did the author describe in the book? [CBSE 2014]
Answer:
Charlotte Beradt secretly recorded people’s dreams in her diary and later published them in a book called the Third Reich of Dreams. She wrote how Jews themselves began to believe in Nazi stereotypes about them. They dreamt of hooked noses, black hair and eyes. These images troubled them in their dreams. Finally, they died in the gas chambers

Question 80.
Describe the events which happened in 1945 when Germany surrendered to Allies. [CBSE 2016]
Answer:
(a) In May 1945 Germany surrendered to the Allies. Hitler and his propaganda minister Goebbels and his family committed suicide in his Berlin bunker.
(b) As the Allied armies overran the areas, occupied by Nazi Germany, they came across many concentration camps where people were on the last stage of their life.
(c) When the war seemed lost, the Nazi leaders distributed petrol to their subordinates to destroy all evidences available in the offices.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 81.
What was the impact of First World War on European and German society? [HOTS]
Answer:
The First World War left a deep impact on European and German society and polity.
(a) Financially, Europe which was a continent of creditors turned into one of debtors.
(b) Soldiers were placed above civilians. Politicians and publicists wanted men to be aggressive, strong and masculine. Aggressive propaganda was carried out.
(c) Democracy which was a new idea could not survive during interwar Europe.
(d) The Weimar Republic, formed in Germany after the war, had to accept war guilt and national humiliation. It had to make reparation payments which made Germany financially crippled.
(e) Media glorified trench life against the truth in which soldiers were leading a miserable life.

Question 82.
What was the economic crisis of 1923? How did it affect Germany?
Answer:
(a) Germany had fought the war largely on loans and had to make reparation payments in gold. This depleted gold reserves and resources were scarce.
(b) In 1923 Germany refused to pay, and the French retaliated by occupying the Ruhr, to claim their coal.
Germany protested and printed paper currency. With too much money in circulation, the value of German mark fell. In April, the US dollar was equal to 24000 marks, in July 353,000 marks, in August 4621,000 marks. By December figure had run into trillion. As the value of the mark declined the prices of goods started rising. This crisis came to be known as hyperinflation.

Question 83.
Highlight the five events of 1933 that led to the destruction of democracy in Germany. [CBSE 2016]
Or
Explain any five features of political policy adopted by Hitler after coming to power in 1933. [CBSE 2015]
Or
How was democracy destroyed in Germany?
Answer:
The events of 1933 that led to the destruction of democracy in Germany are as follows.
(a) On 30 January 1933 President Hindenburg gave the Chancellorship, the highest position in cabinet to Hitler. Hitler now tried to dismantle the structure of democratic rule.
(b) A mysterious fire broke out in German Parliament which facilitated his move.
(c) The Fire Decree of 27 February 1933 indefinitely suspended civic rights like freedom of speech, press and assembly that had been granted by the Weimar republic.
(d) Communists, who were the enemies of Hitler were sent to the concentration camps.
(e) On 3 March, Enabling Act was passed. It established dictatorship in Germany. Hitler
could rule without the consent of the parliament. All political parties and trade unions were banned except the Nazi Party. The state had full control over media, army and judiciary.

Question 84.
What was the foreign policy of Hitler?
Answer:
As soon as Hitler came to power, he took the following action as part of his foreign policy.
(a) Germany left the League of Nations in 1933.
(b) Hitler reoccupied the Rhineland in 1936.
(c) He annexed Austria in 1938 under the slogan one people, one empire and one leader.
(d) He annexed Sudentenland from Czechoslovakia and then the whole country.
(e) Hitler chose war as the way to solve economic crisis. Territories had to be expanded for collection of resources. In September 1939, Poland was invaded and it started the Second World War. In 1940, Tripartite Pact was signed between Germany, Italy and Japan.
Puppet governments, who supported Nazi Germany, were installed in large parts of Europe.

Question 85.
How did the Nazis proceed to realise their murderous racial ideology by eliminating the ‘undesirables’? Explain. [CBSE 2014]
Answer:
The Nazis proceeded to realise their murderous racial ideology by eliminating the undesirables in
the following manner.
(a) Jews remained the worst sufferers in Nazi Germany. From 1933-1938 Jewish business was boycotted, they were expelled from government services and their property was confiscated. From 1939-1945 the Jews were kept in ghettos, in extreme poverty and misery and eventually they were killed in gas chambers.
(b) Germany occupied the north-western Poland. Poles were forced to leave their homes and property, to be occupied by ethnic Germans. Poles were then sent to the final destination of the ‘undesirables’.
(c) Members of Polish intelligentsia were murdered in large number in order to keep the entire people intellectually servile.
(d) Polish children who looked like Aryans were forcibly snatched and examined by race experts. If they passed the test, they were raised in German families and if not they were sent to orphanages, most of them died.
(e) Poland had some of the largest ghettos and gas chambers where Jews were killed.

Question 86.
What were the steps taken against the Jews between 1933-1939?
Answer:
The steps taken against the Jews between 1933-39 are as follows. The Nuremberg Laws of Citizenship of September 1935 was passed which had following clauses.
(a) Only people of Germans or related blood would be called Germans, enjoying the protection of the state.
(b) Marriages between Jews and Germans were prohibited.
(c) It was a crime to have extramarital relations between Jews and Germans.
(d) Jews could not fly the national flag.
Other legal measures included:
(a) Boycott of Jewish business
(b) Jews were expelled from government services.
(c) Their property was forcibly confiscated.

Question 87.
Why was Hitler interested in the youth of the country?
Answer:
(a) Hitler was interested in the youth of the country. He believed a strong Nazi society could be established by teaching Nazi ideology.
(b) All schools were cleansed and purified. It meant that all Jew teachers were considered as politically unreliable and were dismissed. German and Jew children could neither set together or play together. Finally the ‘undesirable children’, the Jews, the physically and mentally handicapped and Gypsies were expelled. Finally they were taken to the gas chambers.
(c) Good German children underwent a process of Nazi schooling. School textbooks were re-written and racial science was introduced. Children were taught to hate Jews and worship Hitler. Even sports developed a spirit of aggression and violence among children. Hitler believed that boxing could make children iron-hearted.
(d) Youth organisation were made responsible for educating German youths.

Question 88.
How were youth organisation made responsible for education German youth in the spirit of National socialism?
Answer:
The youth organisations were made responsible for educating German youth in the following ways.
(a) Ten-year-olds had to enter Jungvolk.
(b) At 14 all boys had to join the Nazi youth organisation Hitler Youth. There they learnt to glorify war and aggression, and condemn the Jews, Gypsies, communists and all those who came under the undesirable category.
(c) At the age of 18, they joined the Labour Service. They had to serve in the armed forces and join one of the Nazi organisation.
(d) The Youth League was founded in 1922. It was renamed Hitler Youth.
(e) All other youth organisations were dissolved.

Question 89.
How was Nazi Germany’s Art of Propaganda responsible for establishing total control over its people?
Answer:
Nazi Germany’s Art of Propaganda was responsible for establishing total control over its people in the following ways.
(a) Hitler was skillfully projected as a messiah, a savior and someone who could deliver Germans from their distress.
(b) Language and media were used with great care to win support for the rule and popularise it worldview. Visual images, propaganda films, posters, catchy slogans, leaflets, etc. were used to spread Nazi ideas.
(c) People’s minds were worked, their emotions were tapped and their hatred and anger was turned towards the so-called ‘undesirables’.
(d) Equal efforts were made to appeal all sections of the population and win their support by suggesting that only Nazis could solve their problems and give a dignified place to live in.
(e) The education curriculum was also crafted in a way that highlighted the supremacy of Nazi ideology. Stereotypes about the Jews were popularised through subjects like mathematics and children were taught to hate Jews.

Question 90.
Describe the reaction of masses against Nazi barbarities.
Answer:
The reaction of the masses against Nazi barbarities were:
(a) Not every German was a Nazi. Many people resisted Nazism even facing police repressions and death.
(b) Many people were passive onlookers, they were too scared to act, to differ or protest so, they stayed away. Ordinary Germans observed silence on the on-going process of brutality.
(c) Some secretly recorded the horrors.
(d) Many Jews began to believe in the stereotypes popularised about them.

Question 91.
Mention five consequences of Nazism in Germany. [CBSE 2014]
Answer:
The consequences of Nazism in Germany were:
(a) Weimar Republic came to an end. Under Nazism, Germany became a dictatorial state, democracy was destroyed.
(b) Hitler assigned the responsibility of economic recovery to the economist Hjalmar Schacht. He aimed at full production and full employment through state-funded work-creation programme. This project produced the famous German highways and peoples car Volkswagen.
(c) In foreign policy, Germany left the League of Nations in 1933, reoccupied Rhineland in 1936, annexed Austria in 1938. He then took Sudentenland, a part of Czechoslovakia and finally took the whole country.
(d) Special surveillance and security forces were created to control and order society in ways Nazi wanted.
(e) He believed in the survival of the fittest and established an exclusive racial community of pure Aryans.

Question 92.
(a) The Nazi regime used language and media with care, and often to great effect the terms they coined to describe their various activities are not only deceptive. They are chilling. Explain.
(b) Explain Annihilation.
Answer:
(a) Nazis never used the words ‘kill’ or ‘murder’ in their official communications.
Special treatment meant mass killing, final solution for the Jews, euthanasia for the disabled. Evacuation meant deporting people to gas chambers, gas chambers were called disinfection-areas. They looked like bathrooms with fake showerheads.
(b) Annihilation was the stage from 1941 onwards which states that Jews had no right to live. Jews from Jewish houses, concentration camps and ghettos from different parts of Europe were brought to death factories by goods trains. The most notorious concentration camps in Poland and other places were Auschwitz, Belzek, Sobibor, Treblinka, Chelmno and Majdanek. They were charred in gas chambers.

Map Skills

Question 93.
Seven features are marked on the outline map of world. Identify these features with the help of following information and write their correct names.
A. Axis powers
B. Allied Powers
Answer:

A. Axis powers: A. Germany, B. Italy, C. Japan
B. Allied Powers: D. UK, E. France, F. Former USSR, G. USA.

Question 94.
Locate and label the following territories under German expansion (Nazi Power).
(a) Austria
(b) Poland
(c) Slovakia
(d) Denmark
(e) Lithuania
(f) France
(g) Belgium.
Answer:

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