Step into the enchanting world of Village Palampur, a captivating tale of rural life and the intricacies of agricultural practices. Have you ever wondered about the lives of villagers, the challenges they face, and the factors that influence their livelihoods? In this article, we present you with a The Story of Village Palampur Class 9 Extra Questions With Answers. Read this also Extra Questions for Class 9 Social Science with Answers.
The Story of Village Palampur Class 9 Extra Questions With Answers
Question 1.
What are the different types of production activities in the village?
Answer:
There are two types of production activities in the village-farming and, non-farm activities. The non-farm activities include small manufacturing, transport and shop-keeping.
Question 2.
Define factors of production.
Answer:
The various inputs required to produce goods and services are called as factors of production. There are mainly four factors of production: land, labour,’ physical capital and human capital.
Question 3.
Distinguish between fixed capital and working capital.
Answer:
The physical capital which can be used in production over many years is called as fixed capital. For example: tools, machines and buildings. On the other hand, the physical capital which gets completely used up during the production process is called as working capital. For example: raw materials and money in hand.
Question 4.
What is human capital?
Answer:
The knowledge and enterprise required to put together land, labour and physical capital to produce an output either for self-consumption or for sale in the market is called as human capital.
Question 5.
Define multiple cropping.
Answer:
To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year is known as multiple cropping. It is the most common way of increasing production on a given piece of land.
Question 6.
Mention tire two ways of increasing production from the same land.
Answer:
The two ways of increasing production from the same land are: Multiple cropping and Using modern farming methods.
Question 7.
What is the working capital required by the farmer using modern farming methods?
Answer:
The working capital required by the farmer using modem farming methods is HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
Question 8.
What is surplus?
Answer:
The produce left over after self-consumption is called as surplus. This surplus is brought Over to the market for sale.
Question 9.
Briefly explain the four factors of production.
Answer:
Every production is organized by combining land, labour, physical capital and human capital which are known as factors of production.
These factors are explained below:
- Land-If is the first requirement for production of goods and services. The land required for farm activities is practically fixed.
- Labour- The second requirement is labour i.e. people who will do the work. Some activities require highly educated workers like banking and some require workers, for manual work, for example, carpenter.
- Physical capital-Physical capital es the variety of inputs required at every stage during production. For example: tools, building, raw materials etc. Physical capital is of two types: fixed capital and working capital.
- Human capital-The knowledge and enterprise required to put together land, labour and physical capital for producing an output either for self-consumption or to sell in the market is called, as human cap.
Question 10.
What is the main constraint on land?
Answer:
In villages, farming is the main production activity. Most of the people are dependent on fanning for their livelihood. The well being of these people is closely related to production in the farms. The farm production depends upon the land area under cultivation. But there is one constraint on it.
Land area under cultivation is practically fixed. There has been no expansion in land area under cultivation since 1960. By then, some of the wastelands in the village had been converted to cultivable land. There exists no further scope to increase farm production by bringing new land under cultivation.
Question 11.
What is multiple cropping? Explain by giving an example.
Answer:
To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year is known as multiple cropping. It is the most common way of increasing production. During different seasons different crops are grown on the same piece of land.
The farmers are able to grow:
- Land-It is the first requirement and natural resource. Land is a scarce resource in case of farm activities. Therefore, it must be properly utilised.
- Labour-The second requirement is labour. By labour we mean people who will » do the work. Some production activities require highly skilled and educated workers to perform tire necessary task. Other activities require workers who can do manual work. Each worker is providing the labour necessary for production.
- Physical capital-It is the third requirement. Physical capital means the variety of inputs required at every stage during production.
The items that come under physical capital are:
- Tools, machines and buildings- Tools, machines and buildings can be used in production over many years, and are called as fixed capital.
- Raw materials and money in hand- Production requires a variety of raw materials such as the yarn used by weaver and the clay used by the potter. Also, some money is always required during production to make some payments and buy other necessary items. Raw materials and money in hand are called working capital.
Human capital-The fourth requirement of production is human capital. The knowledge and enterprise required to put together land, labour and physical capital to produce an output either for self-consumption or for sale in the market is called as human capital.
Question 14.
Write a short note on green revolution.
Answer:
The green revolution started in India in the late 1960’s It introduced the Indian farmer to cultivation of wheat and rice using high yielding varieties of seeds (HYV). These seeds give much greater amounts of grain on a Single plant as compared to traditional seeds.
As a result the same piece of land would now produce for larger quantities of foodgrains ‘than was possible earlier. HYV seeds, however, needed plenty of water, chemical fertilizers and pesticides to produce best results.
Higher yields were possible only from a combination. of HYV seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilisers, pesticides etc. Farmers of Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh were the first to try out the modem farming method in India. The farmers in these regions set up tube wells for irrigation and made use of HYV seeds, chemical fertilisers and pesticides. Some of them also bought farm machineries like tractors and threshers. They were rewarded with high yields of wheat.
But green revolution did not come without negative effects. Scientific reports indicated that modern farming methods have overused the natural resource base. In many areas there was loss of soil fertility due to increased use of chemical fertilizers. The continuous use of groundwater for tubewell irrigation has reduced the wafer table below the ground. This is a huge loss. Therefore, one must take care of the environment to ensure future development of agriculture.
Question 15.
How do fanners arrange for the capital needed in fanning?
Answer:
Modem farming methods require a great deal of capital, therefore farmers now need more money than before. Different farmers have different source of capital. Most of the small farmers borrow money from large farmers or the village money-lenders or the traders who supply various inputs for cultivation. The rate of interest on such loans is very high. They are put to great distress to repay the loan. Sometimes the small farmers have to work on the fields of medium and large farmers at very low wages to repay the loan. .
In contrast to small farmers, the medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming. These farmers sell their surplus produce in market and get good, earnings. A part of these earnings are saved and kept for buying capital for the next season. Thus, they are able to arrange for the capital for farming from their own savings.
Question 16.
What is the condition of non-farm sector in villages? How can these activities Be increased?
Answer:
The non-farm activities include small manufacturing, transport shop-keeping etc. At present, the non-farm sector in the village is not very large. Out of every 100 workers in the rural areas in, India, only 24 are engaged in non-farm activities. Though there is a Variety of non-farm activities in the village, the number of people employed in each is quite small.
Unlike farming, non-farm activities require little land. People with some amount of capital can set up non-farm activities. The capital required can be mobilised either from one’s own savings or by taking a loan. It is important that loan be available at low rate of interest so that even people without savings can start some non-farm activities.
Another thing which is essential for non-farm activities is to have market where the goods and services can be sold. As more villages get connected to towns and cities through good roads, transport and telephone, it is possible that the opportunities for non-farm activities production in the village would increase in the coming years.
Question 17.
How are three factors of production land, labour and capital used in farming?
Answer:
Among these factors of production, labour is the most abundant factor of production. There are many people who are willing to work as farm labourers in the villages whereas the opportunities of work are limited. They belong to either landless families or small farmers They are paid low wages and lead a difficult life.
In contrast to labour, land is a scarce factor of production. Land has been used to its maximum. There can be no expansion in cultivated land area. Moreover, even the existing land is distributed unequally among the people engaged in farming. There are large number of small farmers who cultivate small plots of land and live in conditions not much better than the landless farm labourers. To make the maximum use of the land farmers use multiple cropping and modem methods of farming both these have led to increase in production of crops.
Modern farming methods require a great deal of capital. Small farmers usually need to borrow money to arrange for the capital and are put to great distress to repay the loan. Therefore, capital to is a scarce factor of production, particularly for the small farmers.
Though both land and capital are scarce, there is a basic difference between the two factors of production. Land is a natural resource whereas capital is man-made. It is possible to increase capital, whereas land is fixed. Therefore, it is very important that we take good care of land and other natural resources used in farming.