Category: CBSE

CBSE Notes for Class 8 Computer in Action – Advanced Features of Access 2013

In the previous chapter, we learnt that Access is a RDBMS software. Tables, Forms, Queries and Reports are the important objects that can be created in an Access database. In real life scenarios, hundreds of records are stored in the database tables. Access objects such as Queries, Forms and Reports provide a convenient and easy way to enter, search, analyse and display the large amounts of data stored in the database tables. Queries let us quickly extract data from one or more tables based on the given conditions. Forms and Reports let us enter or display data in a user friendly manner. Let us learn more about these objects.

QUERY
A query is used to retrieve selective data based on specific criteria from one or more tables. For example, you may design a query to display names of all students who have secured more than 90 percent or a query to find out details of customers who made a purchase in the past one month. Let us learn to create simple queries in Access.
Creating a Query
Just like tables, there is a Query Design view in which queries are created and a Query Datasheet view in which results of the query are displayed. Let us create a query based on table Student to filter the details of students whose percentage is more than 90.
To create a Query, follow the given steps.
Step 1: Click on the Create tab (Fig. 3.1).
Step 2: Click on the Query Design option in the Queries group. The Show Table dialog box appears (Fig. 3.2).

Step 3: Choose the table on which you want to base your query and click on the Add button. After adding the table, click on the Close button to close the Show Table dialog box. The selected table appears in a small window in the upper section of the Query Design View. The lower section of the Query Design View displays the Design Grid (Fig. 3.3). In this example, click and add the Doctor table.
Step 4: Add the fields to be used in the query in the Design Grid by following any one of the following.

• Double-click on the field name in the small table window in the upper section of the Query Design View.
  OR
• Drag and drop fields from the small table window in the upper section to the Field column in the Design Grid.
  In this example, add the D_Id, Name, Hospital, Fee and Specialisation fields to the Design Grid.

Step 5: Type the search condition in the Criteria row of the field on the basis of which you want to choose or filter the records (Fig. 3.4).
In this example, type the condition >600 in the Criteria row of the Fee field.          .
Step 6: Clear the Show checkbox for fields that should not appear in the Query Result.
Step 7: If you want the Query results to be sorted, then select Ascending or Descending order from the Sort box under that field. In this example, select Ascending order in the Sort box under the Fee field.
Step 8: Click on the Save option in the Quick Access Toolbar or the Save option on the File tab to save the Query. You will notice that the Query object gets added to the Navigation Pane (Fig. 3.5).
Step 9: Click on the Run option in the Results group on the Design tab to execute the query. The query results appear in the Datasheet View, which looks like a table. You will notice that the query displays the details of all doctors with fee more than ?600 arranged in ascending order of the Fee field.

Creating a Query with Multiple Conditions
Let us learn to create queries with more than one condition.

• Specifying the condition in the Criteria row for more than one field will result in a query that will select only those records that meet all the conditions.
  Consider the following queries based on the table Doctor (Fig. 3.1).

Example 1:
The following query shows the records for which the Fee<600 and the Hospital is Heal Well Hospital.

Example 2:
The following query shows the records for which the Fee>=600 and the Hospital is Heal Well Hospital and the Specialisation is Nephrologist.

• Specifying the first condition in the Criteria row and other conditions in the Or row and the rows beneath it results in a query that meets one or more of the specified conditions.

Example 1:
The following query shows the records for which the Fee<600 or the Hospital is Heal Well Hospital.

Example 2:
The following query shows the records for which the Fee>=600 or the Hospital is Heal Well Hospital or the Specialisation is Nephrologist.

FORM
A form provides an interface that allows users to enter, change, and view the data in a database tables. Forms are made up of elements such as textboxes, labels and so on. These elements are known as controls.
You can work on a form in three views (Fig. 3.11).

• Form View :
  : You can enter, edit, and view data in Form view.
• Layout View:
  :You can view the data and make changes in the form such as change the size of various controls.
• Design View:
  : Design view displays only the structure of your form. In this view, you cannot see the underlying data, but you can perform some tasks in Design view that you cannot perform in Layout view such as view the Header and Footer.

Creating a Form
Follow these steps to create a form.
Step 1: Click on the table in the Navigation Pane on which the form should be based (Fig. 3.12).
Step 2: Click on the Create tab.
Step 3: Click on the Form option in the Forms group. A form is created and it opens in the Layout View. You can change the view to the Form view and enter or display data in the table. Three new tabs—Design, Arrange and Format appear in the Ribbon.
Step 4: Click on the Save option in the Quick Access Toolbar or the Save option on the File tab to save the form. You will notice that the Form object gets added to the Navigation Pane (Fig. 3.13).

Formatting a Form
You can change the appearance of the form using the various options on the Design and Format tabs. Let us use some of these options.
Using the Design tab
You can add a logo and title to your report by making use of Logo and Title option in the Header/Footer group on the Design tab (Fig. 3.14 and Fig. 3.15).

Using the Format tab
You can format the font (size, colour, alignment), add a background image, change the colour of shapes and so on. using the options on the Format tab (Fig. 3.16 and Fig. 3.17).

REPORT                                                                                                        
Reports are used to present data from tables or queries in a format that can be printed. Printouts of report cards, invoices are examples of reports. You cannot make changes to the data in a report. You can work on a report in four views.

• Report View 
  : You can view data in this view but cannot make any design related changes.
• Print Preview
  : This view displays the report as it will appear after printing.
• Design View
  :Design view displays only the structure of your report. In this view you cannot see the underlying data, but you can perform some tasks in Design view that you cannot perform in Layout view such as view the Header and Footer sections.
• Layout View
  : You can view the data and make changes in the report such as change the size of various controls.

Creating a Report
Follow these steps to create a report.
Step 1: Click on the table or the query for which you want to create a report (Fig. 3.18).
Step 2: Click on the Create tab.
Step 3: Click on the Report option in the Reports group.
Step 4: The report is created and opens in the Layout view. Four new tabs—Design, Arrange, Format and Page Setup appear in the Ribbon

Step 5:
Click on the Save option in the Quick Access Toolbar or the Save option on the File tab to save the report. You will notice that the Report object gets added to the Navigation Pane.

Formatting a Report
Just like a form, you can format a report using the options on the Design and Format tab. Figure 3.20 shows a report that has been formatted using the options discussed under Formatting a Form section.

Printing Reports
You can print reports using the Print option under the File tab or by using the Print Preview view of a Report. This view shows how the report will appear on a page. It also lets us choose the page orientation, page setup and so on.
Step 1: Click the down arrow under View option in the Views group on the Home tab or the Design tab.
Step 2: Click on the Print Preview option. The report is displayed in the manner in which it would appear on a page.
Step 3: Choose appropriate values for Page Size, Margin and Orientation from the Ribbon.
Step 4: Click on the Print command to print the report.

Looking for an easy way to Learning of new elementary english grammar and composition for class 8 answers, Solutions. You have to learn basic English Grammar topics like Tenses Verbs, Nouns, etc… In this article, we will review the best English Grammer Topics and compare them against each other.

Unseen Passage for Class 8 Literary CBSE With Answers

A literary passage consists of extracts from works of great writers and can be in the form of novels, short stories and poetry.

Unseen Passage Solve Example With Answers for Class 8 Literary CBSE

When I was a girl of about twelve, I used to stay in a village in north Karnataka with my grandparents. Those days, the transport system was not very good, so we used to get the morning paper only in the afternoon. The weekly magazine used to come one day late. All of us would wait eagerly for the bus, which used to come with the papers, weekly magazines and the post.

At that time, Triveni was a very popular writer in the Kannada language. She was a wonderful writer. Her style was easy to read and very convincing. Her stories usually dealt with complex psychological problems in the lives of ordinary people and were always very interesting. Unfortunately for Kannada literature, she died very young. Even now, after forty years, people continue to appreciate her novels.

One of her novels, called Kashi Yatre, was appearing as a serial in the Kannada weekly Karmaveera then. It is the story of an old lady and her ardent desire to go to Kashi or Varanasi. Most Hindus believe that going to Kashi and worshipping Lord Vishweshwara is the ultimate punya. This old lady also believed in this, and savouring it as much as possible. Her struggle to go there was described in that novel. In the story, there was also a young orphan girl who falls in love but there was no money for the wedding. In the end, the old lady gives away all her savings without going to Kashi. She says, ‘The happiness of this orphan girl is more important than worshipping Lord Vishweshwara at Kashi.’

My grandmother, Krishtakka, never went to school so she could not read. Every Wednesday, the magazine would come and I would read the next episode of this story to her. During that time, she would forget all her work and listen with the greatest concentration. Later, she could repeat the entire text by heart. My grandmother too never went to Kashi, and she identified herself with the novel’s protagonist. So more than anybody else, she was the one most interested in knowing what happened next in the story and used to insist that I read the serial out to her.

Question 1.
Why was the morning newspaper delayed in the narrator’s village?
Answer:
The transport system in the area where the narrator used to stay was not very good.
Hence, the morning paper would arrive only by afternoon.

Question 2.
What is special about Triveni’s stories?
Answer:
Triveni was a wonderful writer. Her stories were special because they usually dealt with complex psychological problems in the lives of ordinary people and were always very interesting.

Question 3.
Why did the Grandmother depend on the narrator to know the story?
Answer:
Grandmother never went to school, and hence, she could not read. Every Wednesday when the magazine would come, the narrator, her granddaughter, would read the next episode of the story to her.

Question 4.
Why is it important to go to Kashi in Hinduism?
Answer:
Most Hindus believe that going to Kashi and worshipping Lord Vishweshwara is the ultimate punya. Hence, it is regarded as important to go to Kashi in Hinduism.

Question 5.
Find words from the passage that are antonyms of the following:
a. unpopular
b. simple
Answer:
a. popular
b. complex

Literary Passage (Poem)

Last night I had the strangest dream
I’d ever dreamed before,
I dreamed the world had all agreed
To put an end to the war.
I dreamed I saw a mighty room
Filled with women and men,
And the paper they were signing said
They’d never fight again.
And when the paper was all signed
And a million copies made,
They all joined hands and bowed their heads
And grateful prayers were prayed.
And the people in the streets below
Were dancing ’round and ’round,
While swords and guns and uniforms
Were scattered on the ground.
Last night I had the strangest dream
I’d ever dreamed before,
I dreamed the world had all agreed
To put an end to the war.

Question 1. What did the poet dream?
_____________________________________________
Question 2. What did the speaker dream about the room?
_____________________________________________
Question 3. What are swords, guns and uniforms symbolic of?
_____________________________________________
Question 4. Why were the people dancing on the streets?
_____________________________________________
Question 5. What according to you are the effects of war on humanity?
_____________________________________________

What are modal verbs?
Modals (also called modal verbs, modal auxiliary verbs, modal auxiliaries) are special verbs that behave irregularly in English. They are different from normal verbs like “work, play, visit…” They give additional information about the function of the main verb that follows it. They have a great variety of communicative functions.

Looking for an easy way to learn English Grammar? then you are in right place. Here we providing basic English Grammar topics like Tenses Verbs, Nouns, etc…

Modals Exercise For Class 10 CBSE With Answers PDF

Modal auxiliaries are verbs such as can, must, could, would, etc. which are used with main verbs to express such ideas as a possibility, permission, necessity, obligation, etc.

Characteristics of Modal Verbs

1. The modal verbs are:
   • can
   • could
   • may
   • might
   • must
   • ought to
   • shall
   • should
   • will
   • would
   • dare
   • need
   • have to
   • used to
2. Modal verbs have only one form. They have no ‘ing’ or ‘ed’ forms.
3. They don’t add ‘s’ or ‘es’ to the third person singular form.
   For ex: Mohan can speak two languages.
   She will try and visit tomorrow.
4. Modal verbs are followed by the infinitive of another verb without ‘to’ (first form of the verb).
5. Questions are formed without do/does in the present or did in the past.
   Can I help you?
   May I come in?
6. Negative sentences are formed with not or the short format and do not use do/does or did.

Now let us see how all these modals express the modality.

Modal Verbs Worksheets With Answers for Class 10 CBSE

MODAL	EXAMPLES	INDICATORS OF
Can/can’t	She can swim.	Ability
	It can be risky if you jump.	Possibility/probability
	Can I borrow your book?	Seeking permission
	Can you lend me your project file?	Request
	Can I carry your bag?	Offer
Could/couldn’t	There was a time when I could skip very fast.	Past ability
	We could go to the theatre for the matinee show.	Suggestion
	Could you please open the door?	Request
	Could I borrow your books?	Seeking permission
Will/won’t	It is very hot outside so I .will spend my day at home.	Intention
	It will rain tonight.	Prediction
	I will get you a toy from the market.	Promise
Shall	Shall we put the dinner on the table?	Making arrangements
	Shall I iron your shirt?	Offer
Would/Wouldn’t	Would you prefer wearing a coat or a jacket?	Preference
	Would you come to our wedding?	Invitation
	Would you mind if I reach an hour late?	Permission or polite request
	He would talk for long hours on phone.	Past habit
Should	We should listen to our elders.	Advice
	You should check the timings of the train.	Recommended action
May	May I help you?	Offer
	May I close the window?	Permission
	May I have some water?	Request
	India may become a sport-loving nation after the CW  Games.	Possibility/probability
	May God bless you.	Wish/desire
Might	The guest might drop in at night.	Future possibility
Ought to	You ought to do your duty.	Advice
	The team of players ought to be here any time.	Probability
Must/mustn’t	You must listen to your mother.	Obligation
	You must not steal things.	Necessity
Need/needn’t	You need to learn computers.	Compulsion
	He need not write letters to the office.	Necessity

Looking for an easy way to Learning of new elementary english grammar and composition for class 6 answers, Solutions. You have to learn basic English Grammar topics like Tenses Verbs, Nouns, etc… In this article, we will review the best English Grammer Topics and compare them against each other

Words Often Confused Exercise Class 6 Examples With Answers Pfd

Words Often Confused Exercises Class 6 With Answers

1.	Accept	To take
	Except	Without
2	Affect	To produce a result
	Effect	Result
3.	Able	Intelligent
	Capable	Fit to do something
4.	Accident	Mishap
	Incident	Happening; event
5	Ascent	Going up
	Assent	Consent, approval
6	Auditor	One who checks accounts
	Editor	Of a newspaper, etc
7	Admit	To accept something
	Confess	To accept one’s fault or crime
8	Allusion	Reference
	Illusion	False perception
9	Angel	Heavenly creature
	Angle	Space between two lines
10	Award	To give strictly according to justice
	Reward	To give the fruit of
11	Answer	Respond to a question
	Reply	Respond to a letter, etc.
12	Aspire	To desire
	Expire	To die or end
13	Bare	Uncovered
	Bear	To tolerate
14	Beside	By the side of
	Besides	In addition to
15	Beach	Sea- shore
	Beech	A kind of tree
16	Birth	Being born
	Berth	Seat
17	Brake	Device to check speed
	Break	To shatter
18	Blunder	Serious mistake
	Mistake	Error
19	Check	Control
	Cheque	Order for withdrawing on withdraw money from the bank
20	Childish	Foolish like a child; used in a bad sense
	Childlike	Innocent like a child; used in a good sense
21	Career	Life, course of life
	Carrier	That which carries
22	Calendar	A table of days and months
	Calendar	To press cloth, paper etc.
23	Carat	Measure of the purity of gold, pure gold being 24 carat
	Carrot	A vegetable
24	Cellar	An underground room in a house
	Seller	One who sells
25	Coma	A prolonged state of deep unconsciousness.
	Comma	Mark of punctuation
26	Complement	To complete; something that completes
	Compliment	To admire; greetings
27	Continual	Continuing with breaks
	Continuous	At a stretch
28	Crime	A legal offense punished by law
	Sin	A religious offence
29	Credible	Believable
	Credulous	Believing others easily
30	Cool	Pleasant
	Cold	Unpleasant
31	Cattle	Animals like buffaloes
	Kettle	A utensil
32	Coarse	Rough
	Course	Path; line of action
33	Cloth	Unstitched cloth
	Clothe	Stitched dress
34	Dear	Beloved
	Deer	A wild animal
35	Dairy	A milk booth
	Diary	A note book
36	Die	To pass away
	Dye	To colour
37	Dying	Passing away
	Dyeing	The act of colouring
38	Desert	A sandy tract
	Deserts	What one deserves
39	Discover	To find out
	Invention	Making something new
40	Decease	Death
	Disease	Illness
41	Draught	Act of drinking
	Drought	Lack of rain
42	Envy	In a good sense
	Jealousy	In a bad sense
43	Excuse	For a small thing
	Pardon	For a serious thing
44	Expenditure	Money spent
	Expenses	Cost
45	Elder	Senior relative
	Older	Only age factor
46	Exercise	physical practice
	Exorcise	To drive out an evil spirit by magic or prayers
47	Facility	Comfort
	Felicity	Happiness
48.	Feat	Trick
	Feet	Plural of ‘foot’
49.	Floor	Lower surface of a room
	Flour	Corn powder
50.	Farmer	Peasant
	Former	First mentioned
51.	Foul	Unfair
	Fowl	A kind of bird
52.	Flee	To run away
	Fly	To soar
53.	Gait	Manner of walking
	Gate	Main door
54.	Grate	Fire place
	Great	Big
55.	Hare	Rabbit
	Heir	Successor
56.	Heal	To cure
	Heel	Back part of the foot or shoe
57.	House	Building to live in
	Home	Place for living
58.	Hear	Natural hearing
	Listen	To hear attentively
59.	Hamlet	A small village
	Helmet	Protective head covering worn by two wheeler drivers
60.	Ideal	Model; Perfect
	Idle	Without work
61.	Ice	Frozen water
	Snow	Natural frozen water
62.	Ill	Down with fever
	Sick	Unwell
63.	Knotty	Difficult
	Naughty	Mischievous
64.	Later	More late
	Letter	Written message
65.	Lion	A big tiger
	Lion	Lower part of the back
67.	Luxury	Costly pleasure
	Comfort	Ease
68.	Mail	Dak
	Male	Masculine
69.	Meat	Flesh
	Meet	To see a person
70.	Meter	An instrument for measurement
	Metre	Measure of length
71.	Pain	Trouble
	Pane	A window glass
72.	Pail	A vessel
	Pale	Yellow
73.	Patrol	To guard; to go round
	Petrol	Motor oil
74.	Pray	To worship
	Prey	Victim
75.	Precedent	Example for others
	President	Highest man
76.	Profit	Gain
	Prophet	A divine messenger
77.	Quiet	Silent
	Quite	Completely
78.	Recollect	To call back to mind
	Remember	To keep in memory
79.	Right	Privilege
	Rite	Ceremony
80.	Road	Way or street
	Rod	Stick
81.	Role	Part
	Roll	Register
82.	Sail	To move on water
	Sale	Act of selling
83.	Sensible	Having good sense
	Sensitive	Easily hurt
84.	Stair	One of the fixed steps
	Stare	To look
85.	Stationary	Not moving
	Stationery	Writing material
86.	Story	A tale
	Storey	Floor of a house
87.	Sweet	Tasting like sugar
	Sweat	Perspiration
88.	Son	Male child
	Sun	Heavenly body giving light and warmth
89.	Their	Possessive case of a pronoun ‘they’
	There	That place
90.	Vacation	Holidays
	Vocation	Profession
91.	Vain	Proud
	Vein	Blood vessels in the body
92.	Waste	To spend uselessly
	Waist	Part of the body
93.	Weak	Infirm
	Week	A period of seven days
94.	Weather	Atmosphere
	Whether	If
95.	Wander	Move about aimlessly
	Wonder	To be surprised
96.	Wait	To look forward to; to expect
	Weight	Burden
97.	Wood	Hard solid substance obtained from tree
	Woods	Forest
98.	Way	Method
	Weigh	To measure weight
99.	Yarn	Thread for weaving
	Yearn	To have a keen desire
100.	Vale	Valley
	Veil	Cover for the face

Words Often Confused Practice Exercises Class 6 CBSE

A. Choose the correct option and write it in the blank given below.

1. All the cricketers ____________ Sachin Tendulkar were present in the ground.
a. except
b. accept

2. He is a very ____________ manager.
a. capable
b. able

3. Drink and drive is the main cause of ____________
a. incident
b. accident

4. The criminal ____________ that he had killed his son in a fit of anger.
a. confessed
b. admitted

5. We will ____________ you for your success.
a. award
b. reward

6. I wrote many letters but he did not even ____________
a. answer
b. reply

7. The young boy ____________ after a long illness.
a. expired
b. aspired

8. She is sitting ____________ her husband.
a. besides
b. beside

9. I was lying on the lower ____________ in the train.
a. berth
b. birth

10. By ____________ I entered into the wrong room.
a. mistake
b. blunder

11. A ____________ of eleven thousand was rewarded to the winner.
a. check
b. cheque

12. Rajiv Gandhi had a brilliant ____________ as a politician.
a. carrier
b. career

13. We cannot use a ____________ at the end of a sentence.
a. come
b. comma

14. There has been ____________ rainfall for two weeks.
a. continuous
b. continual

15. Your story is not at all ____________
a. credible
b. credulous

16. It is always very ____________ in winter.
a. cold
b. cool

17. The milk is boiling in the ____________
a. cattle
b. kettle

18. My younger brother deals in ____________
a. clothe
b. cloth

19. Teacher noticed my address and contact number in her ____________
a. diary
b. dairy

20. Columbus ____________ America.
a. discovered
b. invented

21. Cancer is a deadly ____________
a. decease
b. disease

22. He is my ____________ brother.
a. older
b. elder

23. Bread is made from wheat ____________
a. flour
b. floor

24. Birds ____________ in the air.
a. flee
b. fly

25. Short women wear shoes with high ____________
a. heels
b. heal

26. ____________ to what he is saying.
a. Hear
b. Listen

27. My uncle’s coat is too ____________ to wear.
a. lose
b. loose

28. I sent you a ____________ yesterday.
a. male
b. mail

29. Vegetarians do not eat ____________
a. meet
b. meat

30. There is no gain without ____________
a. pain
b. pane

31. Policemen ____________ the streets at night.
a. petrol
b. patrol

32. We must ____________ to God for help.
a. prey
b. pray

33. The ____________ of India lives in the President House.
a. Precedent
b. President

34. The Buddha was a ____________ of peace.
a. profit
b. prophet

35. My daughter is ____________ happy after her marriage.
a. quite
b. quiet

36. Spare the ____________ and spoil the child.
a. road
b. rod

37. The rickshaw puller was covered with ____________
a. sweet
b. sweat

38. He is in Japan. I went ____________ to see him.
a. their
b. there

39. He is too ____________ to walk at the moment.
a. week
b. weak

40. Radha is very fat. She must reduce her ____________
a. weight
b. wait

B. Fill in the blanks.
1. The gentle breeze ____________ over the ____________ water, (blue, blew)
2. I want you to ____________ this dress ____________ well that every body likes it. (so, sew)
3. The thieves decided to ____________ the ____________ rods lying on the path. (steal, steel)
4. ____________ the ____________ is good or bad, we will set out on our journey. (whether, weather)
5. She ____________ ____________ cookies, (eight, ate)
6. She was ____________ so she decided to draw something on the black ____________. (board, bored)
7. They had a colourful ____________ for ____________. (sail, sale)

CBSE Class 10 Science Practical Skills – Resistors in Series

BASIC BUILDING CONCEPTS
Resistance: The property of a conductor which resists or opposes the flow of current through it is called the resistance of the conductor. Its SI unit is ohm(Ω).
Current ∝ 1/Resistance
The resistance of a uniform conductor is

1. directly proportional to the length of the conductor and
2.  inversely proportional to the area of cross-section of the conductor.
   Therefore,          R∝ l/A  or R = ρ l/A

where p is the constant of proportionality, called the specific resistance or resistivity of the material of the conductor. It depends on the nature of the material of the conductor, i.e. it is constant for a particular material but different for different materials. The unit of resistivity is ohm-metre or Ω-m.

You can also download NCERT Science Solutions Class 10 to help you to revise complete syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Series combination of resistors:
The arrangement in which various resistors are connected in such a way that they provide only one path to the flow of current is called the series combination of the resistors. The series combination of resistors Rv R2 and R3 is shown in the figure given below.

CHARACTERISTICS OF SERIES CIRCUIT

1. The current flowing through all the resistors in series circuit is same.
2. The total voltage across the combination is equal to the sum of the voltage drop across the individual resistor.
3. Voltage across any resistor is directly proportional to the resistance of that resistor (as I is constant).
4.  Equivalent resistance of the series circuit is equal to the sum of the individual resistances, i.e. Req = R3 + R2 + R3.
5. The value of equivalent resistance is higher than the highest value of resistor used in the series circuit.

Uses of series circuit:
It is used when

1. the resistance of the circuit is to be increased.
2.  the current in the circuit is to be decreased.
3. the less potential difference across a particular resistor is needed.

AIM
To determine the equivalent resistance of two resistors when connected in series.

MATERIALS REQUIRED
Two standard resistance coils, ammeter, voltmeter, one-way plug key, low resistance rheostat, connecting wires, cell or battery eliminator.

THEORY
Series combination of resistors: The end to end connection of two or more resistors are said to be in series combination if they provide only one path to the flow of current, i.e. same current would flow through each resistor.
The equivalent resistance of the series combination of two resistors is given by
Rs = R1 + R2

Circuit Diagram

Assembly Diagram

PROCEDURE

1. Connect the circuit in the similar manner as shown in circuit diagram or apparatus arrangement with one of the unknown resistors.
2.  Find the values of two given unknown resistors R1 and R2 by adopting the procedure of Experiment 5 and record the observations in observation table.
3.  Using Ohm’s law, find the value of each resistance. Let it be R1 and R,2.
4. Connect the two given resistors in series combination across the terminals of voltmeter as shown in figure above.
5.  Put the plug in the key and take the readings of ammeter and voltmeter.
6. Repeat step 5 three times by changing the position of the sliding contact of the rheostat.
7. Tabulate the readings and find the ratio of V and I for the series combination. It will give the equivalent resistance of the combination.

OBSERVATION TABLE

OBSERVATIONS

1.  Least count of ammeter = …………. A
2.  Zero error of ammeter =…………. A
3. Least count of voltmeter=………….V
4. Zero error of voltmeter = ………….V
5. Zero correction in ammeter reading = A
6.  Zero correction in voltmeter reading = V

CALCULATIONS

1. Mean value of  R1 = ……………Ω
2. Mean value of R2 = ……………Ω

Equivalent value of series combination

1. by calculation R’s = R1 + R0 =……………Ω.
2.  by experiment, R . =……………Ω
   Difference in both values = R_s-R’s =……………Ω

RESULT

1.  There is a close agreement between the calculated and the experimental values of equivalent resistance. Hence, Rs = R1 + R2 is verified.
2. The equivalent resistance, Rs = ……………Ω

PERCENTAGE ERROR
Percentage error =Experimental value – Calculated value /Calculated value =R_s-R’_s/R’_s  100 =……………..%

PRECAUTIONS

1. Remove the dust and other insulating particles from the ends of connecting wires by rubbing it with a sand paper.
2. All the connections should be kept tight and properly connected as per circuit diagram.
3. Take out the plug from the plug key in between the two observations.
4. A low resistance rheostat should be used in the circuit to obtain a large variation in current.
5. A thick copper connecting wire should be used in the circuit.
6. The positive terminals of the ammeter and voltmeter must be connected to the positive terminal of the battery or battery eliminator.
7. The voltmeter should be connected in parallel to the combination of resistors.
8. Never connect the two terminals of the cell without any resistance.

SOURCE OF ERROR

1. Reading error may be possible while observing the pointer of ammeter and voltmeter.
2. Thick connecting wires may not be available at the time of performing the experiment.
3. Area of cross-section of resistance may not be uniform across the length of wire.
4. There may be the use of high resistance rheostat.
5. Current may be allowed for a longer period of time.
6. The terminal screws of the instrument may not be tightened properly.

INTERACTIVE SESSION

Question 1:
How will you find the equivalent resistance when resistors are connected in series?
Answer:
The equivalent resistance of two resistors R1 and R2 is determined by Rs = R1 + R2

Question 2:
When do we put the resistors in series combination?
Answer:
Whenever we need the higher value of resistance, we put the resistors smaller value in series.

Question 3:
What is the relationship between V and R for the series combination?
Answer:
Voltage across any resistance is directly proportional to the resistance of that resistor.

Question 4:
Which one is same in series, current or voltage?
Answer:
Current remains the same in each resistor. .

Question 5:
When two resistors of unequal resistances are connected in series, what will be the potential difference across each resistor?
Answer:
Potential difference across each resistor will be different.

Question 6:
Why are the standard resistances made of manganin?
Answer:
Because there is a negligible change in the resistance of manganin wire with change in temperature.

Question 7:
Why are the connecting wires made of copper?
Answer:
Because copper metal has low resistivity and it conducts the current without offering much resistance.

Question 8:
What should be the characteristics of standard resistance?
Answer:
(i) The value of resistance should not change with the passage of time.
(ii) The value of resistance should almost remain the same with change in temperature.
(iii) It should be of convenient size.

Question 9:
Why resistance becomes more in series combination?
Answer:
The effective length of all the resistors in series combination increases. Hence, equivalent resistance of the combination increases as Rα l.

Question 10:
What is the use of rheostat in the circuit?
Answer:
It is used to change the current in the circuit which can be done by changing the sliding contact of the rheostat.

NCERT LAB MANUAL QUESTIONS

Question 1:
If two resistors having resistances of 2 Q and 4 Q respectively are connected in a series combination in an electric circuit, what will be the net resistance in the circuit?
Answer:
The net resistance in a series combination in an electric circuit is given by
RS=R1+R2 = 2Ω + 4Ω = 6Ω

Question 2:
In an electric circuit, a resistor of 5 11 resistance is connected to a battery of 5 V through an ammeter and a plug key. Now, in this circuit, an another resistor of 10 Q resistance is connected in series with 5 Q resistor. Will there be any change in the ammeter reading? How much?
Answer:
The reading of ammeter when 5 Q resistor is connected in the electric circuit is

Question 3:
In the above question, what is the potential difference across the two ends of the resistor of 5Vresistance, when it is alone in the circuit? What is the potential difference across the two ends of resistor of 5 Ωresistance when it is connected in series with the resistor of 10Ωresistance? What is the potential difference across the series combination?
Answer:
The potential difference across the two ends of the resistor of 5Ω resistance when it is alone in the circuit is

PRACTICAL BASED QUESTIONS
Multiple Choice Questions/VSA

Question 1:
The values of resistances marked on the coils RI and R2 are found to be correct. A student connects the given resistors in the following manner:

He then connects the terminals marked X and Y above to the terminals marked X and Y in the circuit.

The average value of the ratio V/l in the observations recorded in the circuit would be
(a) 9 Q
(6) 6 1)
(c) 3 Q
(d) 2 11

Question 2:
Observe the figures K, L, M, N given here.


The correct way of connecting the ammeter and voltmeter with a series combination of two resistors in a circuit for finding their equivalent resistance, is shown in diagram
(a) K
(b) L
(c) M
(d) N

Question 3:
A student sets up an electric circuit shown here for finding the equivalent resistance of two resistors in series. In this circuit, the

(a)resistors have been connected correctly but the voltmeter has been wrongly connected.
(b)resistors have been connected correctly but the ammeter has been wrongly connected.
(c)resistors as well as the voltmeter have been wrongly connected.
(d)resistors as well as the ammeter have been wrongly connected.

Question 4:
Out of the two circuits shown here, the two resistors f?1 and R2 have been correctly connected in series in

(a) circuit A only
(b)circuit B only
(c)both circuits A and B
(d) neither of the two circuits

Question 5:
In the experiment on finding the equivalent resistance of two resistors connected in series, the ammeter is correctly connected in

(a) circuit (I) only
(b) circuit (II) only
(c) both circuits (I) and (II)
(d) neither of the two circuits.

Question 6:
Students A and B connect the two resistors R1 and R2 given to them in the manner shown below, and then insert them at X and Y into the measuring circuit shown below.

(a) Both students will determine the equivalent resistance of the series combination of R1 and R 2
(b) Both students will determine the equivalent resistance of parallel combination of R1 and R2
(c) Student A will determine the equivalent resistance of series combination while B determines the equivalent resistance of parallel combination
(d) Student A will determine the equivalent resistance of parallel combination while B determines the equivalent resistance of series combination

Question 7:
For the circuits shown in figures I and II, the voltmeter reading in both the circuit would be

(a) 5 V, 5 V
(b) 2 V, 3 V
(c) 1 V, 5 V
(d) 3 V, 2 V

Question 8:
To determine the equivalent resistance of two resistors when connected in series, a student arranged the circuit components as shown in the diagram. But he did not succeed to achieve the objective.

Which of the followings mistakes has been committed by him in setting up the circuit?
(a) Position of voltmeter is incorrect
(b) Position of ammeter is incorrect
(c) Terminals of voltmeter are wrongly connected
(d) Terminals of ammeter are wrongly connected

Question 9:
A student has to connect 4 cells of 1.5 V each, to form a battery of voltage 6 V.The correct way of connecting these cells is shown in figure

(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D

Question 10:
While doing their experiment, on finding the equivalent resistance of two resistors connected in series, three students A, B, C set up their circuits as shown here

The correct set-up is that of
(a) students A and B
(b) students B and C
(c) students C and A
(d) all the three students

Question 11:
The diagram shows a network of four resistors which are connected to an electric source. Identify the resistors which are connected in series in this network.

(a) B, A and £>
(b) B, C and D
(c) C, D and A
(d) A, B and C

Question 12:
The given circuit diagram shows the experimental arrangement of different circuit components for determination of equivalent resistance of two resistors connected in series.

The components X, Y and Z shown in the circuit, respectively, represent.
(a) rheostat, resistor, ammeter
(b) ammeter, voltmeter, rheostat
(c) voltmeter, ammeter, rheostat
(d) rheostat, ammeter, voltmeter

Question 13:
In their experiment, on finding the value of j equivalent resistance of two resistors connected in series, three students connected the ammeter, in their circuits, in the three ways X, Y and Z shown below.

Assuming the ammeters to be ideal, the ammeter has been incorrectly connected in
(a) case X only
(b) case Y only
(c) case Z only
(d) All the three cases

Question 14:
The following instruments are available in a laboratory:
Milliammeter A1 of range 0 – 300 mA and least count 10 mA
Milliammeter A2 of range 0 – 200 mA and least count 20 mA
Voltmeter V1 of range 0 – 5 V and least count 0. 2 V
Voltmeter V2 of range 0 – 3 V and least count 0.3 V
Out of the following pairs of instruments, which pair would be the best choice for carrying out the experiment to determine the equivalent resistance of two resistors connected in series?
(а) Milliammeter A1 and voltmeter V1,
(б) Milliammeter A2 and voltmeter V2
(c) Milliammeter A1 and voltmeter V2
(d) Milliammeter A2 and voltmeter V1,

Question 15:
For determining the equivalent resistance of two resistors R1 and R2 connected in series, three students X, Y and Z set up their circuits as shown below.

The correct set-up is that of
(a) student X only
(b) student Y only
(c) student Z only
(d) students X and Z

Question 16:
Study the I-V graph for the conductors A, B and C having resistance RA, RB and R(„ If conductors A and B are connected in series, then slope of equivalent resistance would be

(а) less than that of A
(б) more than that of A
(c) equal to slop of B
(d) equal to slope of C

Question 17:
Two students perform experiments on two given resistors R1 and R,2 and plot the V-I graph shown by diagram 1 and 2 for A, > R,„ the diagrams correctly represents the situation on the plotted curves is

(a) diagram 1
(b) diagram 2
(c) both
(d) neither 1 nor 2

Short Answer Questions

Question 1:

1.  Draw a schematic diagram of a circuit consisting of a cell of 1.5 V, 10 Q and 15 Q resistor and a plug key all connected in series.
2. Which one is same in series, current or voltage?

Question 2:
Resistance of three resistors are given as R1 = 10 Q, R2 = 20 Q and R3 = 30 Q. Calculate the effective resistance when they are connected in series. Also calculate the current flowing when the combination is connected to a 6 V battery.

Question 3:
A student has three voltmeters across three resistances R,, R2 and R3 as shown in the circuit,  Given that Rx < R2 < R3

1. Write V1,V2, and V3 in decreasing order of the reading shown by j each of them,
2. What will you observe about the potential difference across the series the series combination?

Question 4:
How will you connect a given set of resistors so that the equivalent resistance is increased? Give reason for your answer.

Question 5:
State one advantage and one disadvantage of series circuit.

ANSWER KEY
Multiple Choice Questions /VSA

1. (a)
2. (b)
3. (a)
4. (a)
5. (c)
6. (a)
7. (a)
8. (cl)
9. (a)
10. (b)
11. (b)
12. (b)
13. (c)
14. (a)
15. (d)
16. (a)
17. (a)

Short Answer Questions

 

1.

 

(ii) Current remains the same in a series circuit.

2.Effective resistance of series combination is given by

3. 

1.  As V=IR
   For the same current in series combination
   V∝I
   R1<R2<R3, we get V1<V2<V3
2. We observe that in a series combination, the potential difference V is equal to the sum of potential difference V₁, V₂ and V₃, that is
   V = Vr + V₂ + V₈.

4.All the given set of resistors must be connected in series so that the equivalent resistance is increased.
Reason: The effective length of all the resistors in the series combination increases. Hence, equivalent resistance of the combination increases as R oc l.

5.Advantage of series combination: Batteries are connected in series combination to get higher voltage.
Disadvantage of series combination: In series arrangement, when one compohent fails, the circuit is broken and none of the components works.

Science Practical SkillsScience LabsMath LabsMath Labs with Activity

Looking for an easy way to Learning of new elementary english grammar and composition for class 6 answers, Solutions. You have to learn basic English Grammar topics like Tenses Verbs, Nouns, etc… In this article, we will review the best English Grammer Topics and compare them against each other

Quantifiers Exercises for Class 6 CBSE With Answers Pdf

Quantifiers are words used in front of nouns to show number or amount without being specific.

Use of Some and Any
‘Some’ and ‘any’ are used to state the quantity, amount of something. When using ‘some’ or ‘any’, the exact number is not stated. Some and any are quantifiers.

Study the following tables:

Use some in positive (affirmative) sentences. Some is used for both countable and uncountable nouns.
Examples

• I have some friends. (Friends is countable)
• I’d like some water. (Water is uncountable)

ANY: Use any for countable and uncountable nouns in Interrogative sentences.
Examples

• Have you got any cheese? (Cheese is uncountable)
• Have you got any friends? (Friends is countable)

Negative sentences
Example:

• He hasn’t got any cheese.
• He hasn’t got any friends in Chicago.

Exception:
We use some in questions when offering or requesting something.
Example

• Would you like some bread? (Offer)
• Can I have some water, please? (Request)

The same rules are true for something and anything, someone and anyone, and somewhere and anywhere.

Use of Much and Many
The words much and many mean a lot of.
If a noun is in singular, we use much
Example:

• Much money

If a noun is in plural, we use many
Example:

• Many friends

In everyday English, we normally use much/many only in questions and negative clauses.
Example:

• How much money have you got?
• Sarla does not have many friends.

In positive clauses with so, as or too, we also use much/many.
Example:

• Sarla has so many friends.
• She has as many friends as Suman.
• Rohit has too much sweets.

In all other positive clauses, however, we prefer expressions like a lot of / lots of.
Example:

• Sarla has a lot of / lots of friends.
• Rohit has a lot of / lots of money.

Use of Little, a little, the little, few, a few, the few:
Little, a little, the little denotes quantity and are used before uncountable nouns
Few, a few, the few denote number and used before plural nouns.
Little/Few:-Both ‘Little’ and ‘Few’ denote ‘Scarcity’ or ‘lack’. They are almost none or negative in meaning.
Example

• There was little hope for the patient. (=there was almost no hope)
• There are few takers of the new car. (= almost no takers)

A Little and A Few
‘A Little’ conveys the idea of small amount.
‘A Few’ conveys the idea of a small number.
Example

• A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.
• A few members were absent from the meeting.

The Little and The Few:
The Little:- It conveys the idea of all amount.
The Few:- It conveys the idea of all the members.
Example

• The little money he had was spent on his wife’s illness.
• The few spectators who came to see the match were disappointed with India’s batting.

Presentation:
Read the picture story.
A. Answer the following questions as per the story.

1. Did Reena consult doctors before her father’s death?
2. How did Reena admit her father in a well known hospital?
3. Did Reena’s father die due to hospital negligence? Explain.

B. Fill in the blanks with suitable quantifier.

1. ___________ than 2% of all water is fresh and clear water. 2. ___________ of this water, however gets contaminated due to human negligence. An average person in a civilised society needs no 3. ___________ than 200 liters of water everyday. 4. ___________ advanced countries use 5. ___________ water per person than others while less advanced countries have to be content w[th very (6) ___________ water. In countries where there ¡s dense farming, (7) ___________ of the ground water has been contaminated by pesticides. Is there (8) ___________ way out to save the fresh water supplies of the world? Unfortunately, there aren’t (9) ___________ options available with us except conservation and judicious use of water.

Quantifiers Practice Exercises for Class 6 CBSE

A. Fill in the blanks with ‘some’ or ‘any’.

1. I’m going to buy ____________ eggs.
2. They didn’t make ____________ mistakes.
3. I can’t pay. I haven’t got ____________ money.
4. There aren’t ____________ shops in this part of the town.
5. Mrs. and Mr. Singh haven’t got ____________ children.
6. Have you got ____________ brothers or sisters?
7. There are ____________ beautiful flowers in the garden.
8. Are there ____________ letters for me?
9. 1 haven’t got ____________ stamps but Anita has got.
10. Do you know ____________ good hotel in London?
11. Would you like ____________ tea?
12. Did you buy ____________ rice?
13. We haven’t got ____________ bread. I’m going out to buy.
14. During our holidays we visited ____________ very interesting places.
15. I went out to buy milk, but they didn’t have ____________ in the shop.
16. I’m thirsty. Can I have ____________ water, please?

B. Fill ¡n the blanks with ‘much’ or ‘many’.

1. She has so ____________ friends!
2. Too ____________ cooks spoil the broth.
3. Hurry up. I don’t have so ____________ J time.
4. We went to a dairy yesterday. I had never seen so ____________ cows before.
5. It’s also quite amazing how ____________ milk these cows produce every day.
6. You have too ____________ sweets. Won’t you share it with me?
7. There are so ____________ poor people in the world.
8. There are too ____________ children in the house.
9. My father doesn’t drink ____________ coffee.
10. How ____________ of you have ever been to London?

C. Complete the following sentences using an appropriate quantifiers.

1. She hasn’t got ____________ friends. (some/any)
2. I didn’t do ____________ work today. (much/many)
3. She didn’t eat ____________ food. (much/many)
4. There aren’t ____________ trees in the garden. (much/many)
5. I haven’t read ____________ books. (many/much)
6. How ____________ time do you need to finish this assignment? (much/many)
7. We have planted ____________ roses in the garden. (some/any)
8. Don’t waste ____________ time watching TV. (much/many)
9. She can speak ____________ languages. (much/many)
10. She hasn’t got ____________ time. (some/any)
11. If you find ____________ strawberries, keep some for me. (any/some)
12. You can borrow ___________ book you like. (many/any)

D. Fill in the blanks with ‘little’, ‘a little’ or ‘the little’.

1. There is ____________ hope of his recovery.
2. There is ____________ milk left in the pot.
3. ____________ milk he had has turned sour.
4. A poor man has ____________ money to waste.
5. There is ____________ work left to complete.
6. ____________ work left yesterday has been completed.
7. There is ____________ time now left.

E. Fill in the blanks with ‘few’, ‘a few’ or ‘the few’.

1. There are ____________ friends who remain faithful in hard times.
2. He has only ____________ friends.
3. ____________ friends he has are really faithful to him.
4. A good man has ____________ enemies.
5. ____________ passengers were injured in the accident.
6. ____________ passengers injured in the accident have been given first-aid.
7. ____________ books would serve my purpose.
8. ____________ books I had have all gone out of course.

F. Fill in the blanks with some, any, someone, anyone, something, anything etc.
Example:
Did ____________ see you while you were coming here? No, ____________ did.
Did anyone see you while you were coming here? No, no one did.

1. I saw ____________ moving among the bushes. It wasn’t ____________ that I could recognise.
2. I can’t see ____________ out there. There must be ____________ wrong with your eyes!
3. There is ____________ walking towards the house. Does ____________ know who is it?
4. Isn’t there ____________ knocking at the door? I was sure I heard ____________ out there.
5. There isn’t ____________ milk in the refrigerator. You had better ask ____________ to get us ____________.
6. I can’t carry ____________ else since both my hands are full. Can’t you ask ____________ else to help you?
7. We certainly don’t need ____________ more bread, but we do need ____________ more tins of sardines.
8. Did ____________ come near my desk while I was out? ____________ seems to be missing from my drawer.
9. She knows ____________ about what has happened here, but she will not say ____________ about it to us.
10. There is ____________ at the door. Why won’t you open it? Is ____________ matter?
11. No, ____________ is wrong. It is just that ____________ wants to see Mary, and he won’t go away even though I’ve told him that she isn’t here.
12. Would you like to have ____________ to eat? Here are ____________ jam tarts which I know you like.
13. There is ____________ I want to tell you ____________ else must know about it, so you must promise not to tell ____________.
14. ____________ who saw the accident is reporting to the police. It was a serious accident, and ____________ was killed.
15. “Don’t ____________ of you know the answer to this question? Come on, surely there is ____________ in this class who can answer it!” The teacher said.

Going Places Important Questions CBSE Class 12 English

Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks, 30-40 Words)

Question.1. Why is Sophie attracted to Danny Casey? (Compartment 2014)
Answer. Danny Casey is a young and successful football player from Ireland. He is also quite handsome, which adds to his popularity among his fans, especially young giris of Sophie’s age. Naturally, Sophie is attracted to him. Besides, her family members are also huge football fans and Casey is a hero for them.

Question.2. How are Jansie and-Sophie different from each other? (Compartment 2014)
Answer. Jansie and Sophie have contrasting characters and an altogether different approach towards life. Jansie is quite practical and her feet are grounded in reality, whereas Sophie is a daydreamer and lives in an imaginary world. Jansie is mature and accepts the truth that people of their stature can only become workers in a biscuit factory. On the other hand, Sophie tries to escape from reality and dreams of becoming an actress, a manager or a fashion designer.

Question.3. Why did Sophie long for her brother’s affection? (All India 2014)
or
Why did Sophie like her brother Geoff more than any other person? (Delhi 2013)
Answer. Sophie found in her brother, Geoff a patient listener to all her fantasies and also one she could confide in. The otjier members of her family and even her friend Jansie made fun of her fantastic stories. This made her quite fond of Geoff. She also looked upon Geoff as someone widely travelled. His world remained a fascination for her and she longed that someday he might take her thera

Question.4. Did Geoff keep up his promise? How do you know? (All India 2013)
or
Did Geoff keep his promise to Sophie? How do you know? (Delhi 2011)
Answer. Geoff didn’t keep his promise to Sophie. Sophie told Geoff about her meeting with Danny Casey at the Royce’s. Geoff told the story to Frank who in turn told his sister, Jansie, about it. However, Geoif never revealed the full story, as he did not tell anyone about Sophie’s supposed’date’with Danny Casey.

Question.5. Why was Sophie jealous of Geoff’s silence?
Answer. Geoff never spoke much. Sophie always pondered over the areas of his life which he never talked about. His world remained a fascination for her. She felt that when he was not speaking, his mind was away at some unknown place, and so she felt jealous of him.

Question.6. Why did Sophie not want Jansie to know anything about her meeting with Danny
Casey? (All India 2012)
or
Why didn’t Sophie want Jansie to know about her story with Danny? (Delhi 2011)
Answer. Sophie did not want Jansie to know anything about her meeting with Danny Casey because she knew that Jansie was a blabber mouth. The moment Jansie knew of someone’s secret, the whole neighbourhood would get to know of it. Sophie did not want to be ridiculed before others.

Question.7. How did Sophie’s father react when Geoff told him about her meeting with Danny
Casey?(Delhi 2011)
Answer. Sophie’s father is a realist to the core. He does not believe in Sophie’s story at all and dismisses it as another of her wild fantasies. When Geoff tells him about Sophie’s chance encounter with Danny Casey, the Irish prodigy, he expresses disdain and rubbishes her story. He changes the topic by saying that he once knew a man who knew another famous English footballer named Tom Finney. He warns Sophie that such concocted stories would land her intp trouble some day.

Question.8. What thoughts came to Sophie’s mind as she sat by the canal? (All India 2011)
Answer. Sophie felt doubts stirring inside her, as she sat by the canal waiting for Danny Casey. When she saw no sign of him, she remembered Geoff’s words that Casey would not come. She wonders what she would tell her family. She thinks that Geoff would be disappointed. She is saddened by the fact that she will never be able to show her family that they are wrong to cast doubts on her.

Question.9. Which was the only occasion when Sophie got to see Danny Casey in person?
(All India 2011)
Answer. The only occasion when Sophie got to see Danny Casey in person was when she went to watch the match with her family. Sitting amongst the spectators, Sophie saw Casey from a distance. The power of her imagination was such that she concocted a story of her brief encounter with him and almost got an autograph from him.

Question.10.Why did Jansie discourage Sophie from entertaining thoughts about the sports- star,
Danny Casey? (All India 2011)
Answer. Jansie was a realist, and not a daydreamer like Sophie. She discouraged Sophie from having such dreams because her dreams were wild and impossible. She had neither the means nor the skills to achieve them. She feels sad because she knows that both of them will have to work at the biscuit factory after they pass out of school. It was preposterous for her to live in such a dream world and it could lead to depression or low self-esteem.

Question.11.Why did Sophie wriggle when Geoff told her father that she had met Danny Casey?
(Foreign 2011)
Answer. When Geoff told her father about Sophie’s chance encounter with Danny Casey, Sophie wriggled because she knew that her father wouldn’t believe it. Her father was a practical, realistic person and Sophie was sure that he would be angry with her and reprimand her for concocting such stories. She feared that she would have to add more details to the story to make it sound authentic.

Question.12.”Damn that Geoff, this was Geoff thing, not a Jansie thing,” Why did Sophie say so?
(Delhi 2010)
Answer. Sophie knew that her classmate Jansie poked her nose into every matter, She was a rumour monger. Jansie came to know about the Sophie-Casey encounter through Frank, her brother, who was friends with Geoff. Sophie was annoyed with Geoff because this story was meant only for him. Sophie knew that Jansie would spread this information like wildfire and it could draw lots of people to her house to enquire about Casey.

Question.13.Does Geoff believe what Sophie says about her meeting with Danny Casey?
(All India 2010)
Answer. Geoff does not believe Sophie’s story about her meeting with Danny Casey, the Irish football star. Although he had a strong bond with his sister, as she shared all her secrets with him, he dismissed the whole story as a most unlikely thing. He does not hesitate to tell her that Casey would never keep his promise of meeting her again to give her his autograph.

Question.14.What did Sophie imagine about her meeting with Danny Casey? (All India 2008)
Answer. Sophie imagines that she has met Danny Casey, the Irish football prodigy, at Royce’s. She cooks up details about his appearance and says that she asked him for an autograph but could not get it as neither of them had paper or pen. They talked for a while about the clothes in the shop. Casey promised to meet her again next week.

Long Answer Type Questions (6 Marks, 120-150 words)

Question.1. Has Sophie met Danny Casey? What details of her meeting with Danny Casey did
she narrate to her brother? (Delhi 2014 Modified)
or
Did Sophie really meet Danny Casey? (NCERT)
Answer. No Sophie has never re&lly met Danny Casey. She has just seen Danny Casey on the field when she went to watch team United play a football match. There, she was one of the spectators and could see Casey playing only from a distance.
However, Sophie lives in an imaginary world. Casey was a young sportstar and Sophie worshipped him as her hero. Her meeting with Casey was just another of her wild fantasies. She was so engrossed in her daydreams that what she imagined seemed real to her.
Sophie told her brother Geoff that she met Casey near Royce’s. As she was looking at the clothes, Casey came and stood beside her. She wanted to take his autograph for her younger brother’Derek, but neither of them had a pen or paper. Casey then suggested that they could meet again next week, and then he would also give his autograph.

Question.2. What were Sophie’s plans for her future? Why would you call her dreams unrealistic?
(Delhi 2014; Modified)
Answer. Sophie planned to open a boutique after she passed out of school. When Jansie told her that it would require a lot of money, she said that she would become a manager and save money ! for her boutique. She later also added that she would either become an actress or a fashion designer. For a girl from a lower middle class family such dreams are certainly far from reality. Sophie’s friend Jansie, who is quite practical, knows that they will ultimately have to work in the biscuit factory. She even dissuades Sophie from indulging in such childish fantasies. Sophie wants to materialise all those things which were simply not possible practically. Never for once in the story does the girl think practically or come out of her dream world.

Question.3. Sophie was a dreamer. The lesson ‘Going Places’ reminds us that mere dreams will
not help us to accomplish anything. What qualities, do you think, would help Sophie to realise her dreams? (Foreign 2014)
Answer. Sophie lives in a world of dreams, which is far from reality. It is not unreasonable to have high hopes and ambitions for one’s future, but such dreaming can be justified only when one is prepared to work hard to realise one’s dreams.
Sophie too needs to work hard to achieve her dreams, instead of just imagining a bright and successful future for herself, or fantasising about her meeting with Danny Casey. She should accept the reality that she belongs to a middle class working family. Initially, she would face some difficulties because of her poor financial condition, but if she persists with sincere devotion, she could certainly raise her status to the level from where she would actually have the company of successful .people like Danny Casey. Besides, with better educational qualifications, increased opportunities, hard work and more savings, she could even own a boutique in futufe.

Question.4. Attempt a character sketch of Sophie as a woman who lives in her dreams. (Delhi 2012)
Answer. Sophie has been portrayed as the central character in the story ‘Going Places’. She perfectly represents the girls of her age who live in poor families.
Sophie always lives in a dream world, dreaming impossible things. The opening scene of the story clearly tells what sort of girl she is. She is not ready to accept the reality of her family’s condition and dreams of having a boutique of her own.
She makes up the story of meeting Danny Casey, a charming and upcoming footballer. Nobody believes her but she refuses to accept that it is her dream. Rather, she starts believing that she has met him and to prove that she is telling the truth, she makes up another story that she has fixed a date with him.
She is so lost in her dreams that she actually goes to the canal and waits for him. He does not show up. She knows that he will not come, but still she becomes sad. Such is the character of Sophie.

Question.5.Contrast Sophie’s real world with her fantasies. (Delhi 2009)
Answer. The story ‘Going Places’ is a journey into the dream world of the protagonist, a schoolgirl named Sophie who drifts from one dream to another. The world of dreams is so fascinating for her that even her wildest thoughts can find refuge it.
Sophie finds the reality of her life too harsh to accept. She belongs to a lower middle class family where nobody encourages her to dream of better prospects. Still she dreams of owning the best boutique, becoming a manager in some store or at other times becoming an actress or a fashion designer.
In her dream world, she visits the Royce’s, meets Danny Casey, the sports icon, and even fixes up a date with him. It’s all in her mind but she considers it true and actually waits for him to show up at a specified spot and time. The flight of her imagination is such that it flips from one dream to another, from one place to the other.

Important Questions for Class 12 English

CBSE Previous Year Solved  Papers Class 12 Maths Delhi 2015

Time allowed: 3 hours                                                                                          Maximum Marks : 100
General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory.
2. Please check that this question paper contains 26 questions.
3. Questions 1-6 in Section A are very short-answer type questions carrying 1 mark each.
4. Questions 7-19 in Section B are long-answer I type questions carrying 4 marks each.
5. Questions 20-26 in Section C are long-answer II type questions carrying 6 marks each.
6. Please write down the serial number of the question before attempting it.

SET I

Note: Except for the following questions, All the remaining question have been asked in previous set.

SECTION – A

Question.1.

Solution.

Question.2.

Solution.

Question.3. If a line makes angles 90°, 60° and θ with x, y and z axis respectively, where θ is acute, then find θ.
Solution.

Question.4.

Solution.

Question.5. Find the differential equation representing the family A of curves υ = A/r + B, where A and B are arbitrary r constants.
Solution.

Question.6. Find the integrating factor of the differential equation

Solution.

SECTION – B

Question.7.

Solution.


OR

Solution.

Question.8.

Solution.

Question.9.

Solution.



OR

Solution.

Question.10.

Solution.

Question.11. A bag ‘A’ contains 4 black and 6 red balls and bag ‘B’ contains 7 black and 3 red balls. A die is thrown. If 1 or 2 appears on it, then bag A is chosen, otherwise bag B. If two balls are drawn at random (without replacement) from the selected bag, find the probability of one of them being red and another black.
Solution.

OR
An unbiased coin is tossed 4 times. Find the mean and variance of the number of heads obtained.
Solution. Let X denote the number of heads in the four tosses of the coin then, X is a random variable that can have values 0,1,2,3,4.

Question.12.

Solution.

Question.13.

Solution.

Question.14. If sin [cot^-1 (x +1)] = cos(tan^-1 x), then find x.
Solution.

OR

Solution.

Question.15.

Solution.

Question.16.

Solution.

Question.17.’ The side of an equilateral triangle is increasing at the rate of 2 cm/s. At what rate is its area increasing when the side of the triangle is 20 cm ?
Solution.

Question.18.

Solution.

Question.19. Three Schools A, B and C organized a mela for collecting funds for helping the rehabilitation of flood victims. They sold hand made fans, mats and plates from recycled material at a cost of Rs 25, Rs 100 and Rs 50 each. The number of articles sold are given below:

Find the fund collected by each school separately by selling the above articles. Also find the total funds collected for the purpose. Write one value generated by the above situation.
Solution. The number of articles sold by each school can be represented by the 3 x 3 matrix

SECTION-C

Question number 20 to 26 carry 6 marks each.
Question.20. Let N denote the set of all natural numbers and R be the relation on N x N defined by (a, b) R(c, d) if ad (b + c) = bc (a + d). Show that R is an equivalence relation.
Solution. We know that relation R will be an equivalence relation, if we prove it as a reflexive, symmetric and transitive relation.

Question.21. Using integration find the area of the triangle formed by positive x-axis and tangent and normal to the circle x² + y²= 4 at (1, √3).
Solution.




OR

Solution.

Question.22. Solve the differential equation: (tan^-1 y-x)dy = (1 + y²) dx.
Solution. Same as solution Q. 23 (OR) Set 1 (Outside Delhi) up to eq.
x = tan^-1 y -1 + ce ^-tan-1 y
OR

Solution.

Question.23.

Solution.

Question.24.

Solution.

Question.25, Find the local maxima and local minima, of the function f(x) = sin x – cos x, 0 < x < 2π. Also find the local maximum and local minimum values.
Solution.

Question.26. Find graphically, the maximum value of z = 2x + 5y, subject to constraints given below:
2x + 4y ≤ 8
3x + y ≤ 6
x + y ≤ 4
x≥ 0, y ≤ 0.6
Solution. We first convert the inequalities into equations to obtain lines

In this article, we are providing For Anne Gregory Extra Questions and Answers PDF Class 10 English First Flight CBSE, Extra Questions for Class 10 English was designed by subject expert teachers.

For Anne Gregory Extra Questions and Answers Class 10 English First Flight

Extract Based Questions [3 Marks each]

Read the following extracts carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Question 1.
“Never shall a young man, Thrown into despair By those great honey-coloured Ramparts at your ear, Love you for yourself alone And not your yellow hair.”
(a) What does ‘ramparts’ mean?
(b) What is the colour of Anne’s hair?
(c) What does the poet mean by, “love you for yourself alone and not your yellow hair”?
(d) What does ‘despair’ mean in the stanza?
Answer:
(a) Ramparts refers to wall that protects a fort. Here, it has been used metaphorically to mean the lock of hair around her ear.
(b) Anne’s hair are honey-coloured.
(c) The poet means that young men love Anne for her beautiful looks and not for her real character.
(d) Despair means hopelessness.

Question 2.
“But I can get a hair-dye And set such colour there, Brown, or black, or carrot, That young men in despair May love me for myself alone And not my yellow hair.”
(a) Who is the speaker of these lines?
(b) Why does Anne say that she can change her hair colour?
(c) Which word in the stanza means ‘colour’?
(d) What is the rhyming scheme adopted in this stanza?
Answer:
(a) The speaker of these lines is Anne Gregory.
(b) Anne says that she can change her hair colour to show that external beauty is not real and permanent.
(c) The word is Dye.
(d) The rhyming scheme adopted in this stanza is abcbdb.

Question 3.
“I heard an old religious man But yesternight declare That he had found a text to prove That only God, my dear, Could love you for yourself alone And not your yellow hair.”
(a) Who had found a ‘text’?
(b) What does the text prove?
(c) What does ‘yesternight’ mean?
(d) Find a word from the passage which is an antonym of ‘concial or hide’.
Answer:
(a) An old religious man had found a text.
(b) The text proves that only God is capable of looking beyond external beauty, into the soul of a person.
(c) Yesternight means last night.
(d) The antonym is ‘declare’

Short Answer Type Questions [2 Marks each]

Question 1.
Between whom does the conversation in the poem take place?
Answer:
The poem is a conversation between a speaker, who could be the poet himself, or Anne’s lover or friend and Anne Gregory herself. The other speaker believes that young men love Anne for her external beauty but Anne says that external beauty is not real and young men should love her for herself.

Question 2.
What does the poet mean by, “those great honey-coloured ramparts at your ear”?
Answer:
Ramparts here refer to locks of Anne’s beautiful yellow hair and external beauty that hides her soul and true nature and lets other people see only her outer self.

Question 3.
Why do young men love Anne for her hair and not for herself alone?
Answer:
Anne Gregory is so beautiful that no man is capable of ignoring her external beauty and looking inside her real nature. Her attractive external*features stop men from knowing the real person. This is what that makes the speaker say that young men love Anne for her hair and not for herself alone.

Question 4.
What are Anne’s views on external beauty?
Answer:
Anne does not believe in external beauty and wants to be loved for herself. She says that her beautiful hair that attract so many men can be changed and coloured differently. This shows that Anne thinks that external beauty is not important and ir is changeable.

Question 5.
What has, According to the speaker an old religious man found?
Answer:
The speaker says that an old religious man has found a text that proves that only God is capable of looking at a person’s real self, beyond the external beauty.

Question 6.
Why is only God capable of loving Anne for herself?
Answer:
Only God is capable of loving Anne for only herself because humans do not have the power to look the beauty of soul. Only God is capable of not caring for the outer beauty, looking the beauty of one’s soul.

Long Answer (Value Based) Type Questions [8 Marks each]

Question 1.
The poet in the poem ‘For Anne Gregory’ conveys that we should give importance to the inner beauty and not the physical appearance. Elaborate with reference to the poem.
Answer:
In the conversation that takes place between Anne Gregory and another speaker, the poet has tried to show that inner beauty is real beauty whereas physical appearance is changeable and hence, unimportant. The first speaker says to Anne that young men love her for her beautiful yellow hair and may never love her for what she really is. To this, Anne replies that her hair-colour can be changed into black, brown or carrot, meaning that external beauty is all superficial and men should not love her for that. Through Anne’s reply, the poet has made clear his preference for internal beauty over physical appearance.

Question 2.
How right or wrong is it to judge someone on the basis of his/her physical appearance?
Answer:
Physical appearances never give the true account of a person as it can be changed with the help of clothing, make-up and other such things.
Something which is not true and real should not be used to judge the person carrying it. A person must be judged on the basis of his behaviour that shows the true characteristics of his personality. This is explained by Anne in her reply to the first speaker that her beautiful hair-colour which attracts men is changeable, hence, men should not fall in love with her based on her-hair colour.

Question 3.
Why do you think the other speaker mentioned the old religious man and the text that proves that only God can love Anne for herself alone?
Answer:
The speaker mentioned the text found by an old religious man that proves that only God can love Anne for herself alone. It is so because the speaker wanted to tell Anne that her desire that men should not see her outer beauty is not going to be fulfilled. The speaker tells Anne that only God can be so great as to avoid external beauty and look beyond it. Man, on the other hand, falls for all things that appear pretty from outside and never bothers about what lies inside.

For More Resources

• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English
• CBSE Class 10 English First Flight Chapter Wise Question Bank
• CBSE Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet Chapter Wise Question Bank
• CBSE Class 10 English First Flight Extra Questions
• CBSE Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet Extra Questions
• CBSE Revision Notes for Class 10 English First Flight
• CBSE Revision Notes for Class 10 English Footprints Without Feet