Nirmala

CBSE previous Year Solved  Papers  Class 12 Biology Delhi 2014

Time allowed : 3 hours                                                                                           Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions :

1.  There are a total of 26 questions and five sections in the question paper, All questions are compulsory.
2. Section A contains question number 1 to 5, Very Short Answer type questions of one mark each.
3.  Section B contains question number 6 to 10, Short Answer type I questions of two marks each.
4.  Section C contains question number 11 to 22, Short Answer type II questions of three marks each.
5.  Section D contains question number 23, Value Based Question of four marks.
6. Section E contains question number 24 to 26, Long Answer type questions of five marks each.
7. There is no overall choice in the question paper, however, an internal choice is provided in one question of two marks, one question of three marks and all three questions of five marks. An examined is to attempt any one of the questions out of two given in the question paper with the same question number.

SET-I

SECTION-A

Question.1. Write the name of the organism that is referred to as the ‘Terror of Bengal’.
Answer : Water hyacinth (Eichhomia Cmssipes)

Question.2. What are ‘true breeding lines’ that are used to study inheritance pattern of traits in plants ?
Answer : Breeding line having undergone with a number of repeated self pollination and shows stable trait inheritance and expression for several generations called a true breeding line.

Question.3. Name any two types of cells which acts as a cellular barriers to provide innate immunity in humans.
Answer : (i) Monocytes (natural killer)
(ii) PMNL-Neutrophils (polymorpho- nuclear leukocytes)

Question.4. Mention the type of host cells suitable for the gene guns to introduce an alien DNA.
Answer : The type of host cells suitable for the gene guns to introduce an alien DNA is plant cells.

Question.5. How is‘stratification represented in a forest ecosystem?
Answer : Stratification is the way in which different species occupying different levels or arranged in a habitat. It is a way of minimizing competition for limited but vital resources, for survival.
Vertical stratification in a forest ecosystem is represented by following strata of plantss starting from the lowest layrer :
(i) The herb layer               (ii) The shrub layer
(iii) The small tree layer   (iv) The canopy layer

Question.6. Give an example of an organism that enters ‘diapause’ and why ?
Answer : Bombyx mori (silk moth) is an insect that enters diapauses to avoid adverse environmental conditions such as drought, extreme temperature, reduced food availability, which, in turn, delays the overall development. The physiological and metabolic activities are also diminished at this particular time.

Question.7. Identify ‘a’ and ‘b’ in the figure given below representing proportionate number of major vertebrate taxa.

Answer: ‘a’ represents mammals and ‘b’ represents amphibians.

Question.8. State the cause of Accelerated Eutrophication.
Answer: Accelerated Eutrophication is the aging of a water body due to nutrient enrichment of its water. Release of nutrient-rich sewage and industrial effluents containing nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus causes accelerated eutrophication.

SECTION-B

Question.9. Why do algae and fungi shift to sexual mode of reproduction just before’the onset of adverse conditions ?
Answer : The fungi and algae switch to the sexual mode of reproduction during adverse conditions because sexual reproduction brings variation into the individuals. In algae and fungi, the zygote develops a thick wall that is resistant to dessication and damage. This ensures the continuity of species.

Question.10. A cross was carried out between two pea plants showing the contrasting traits of height of the plants. The result of the cross showed 50% parental characters, (i) Work out the cross with the help of a Punnett square.
(ii) Name the type of the cross
Answer: carried out.

Question.11. How does the gene ‘I’ control ABO blood groups in humans ? Write the effect the gene has on the structure of red blood cells.
Answer: In humans, the ABO blood groups are controlled by a gene called gene ‘I’. Sugar polymers protrude from the surface of red blood cells and I controls the kind of sugar. It has three alleles, IA, IB and i. A person possesses any two of the three.
Table: The Genetic Basis of Blood Groups in Human Population alleles. IA and P dominate over i . But with each other, Tand P are co-dominant.

The red blood cells have sugar polymers protrude from the plasma membrane surface and it is regulated by the gene ‘I’ of ABO blood group. The alleles IA and P produce A and B types of sugar, while allele i does not produce any sugar.
OR
Write the types of sex-determination mechanisms the following crosses show. Give an example of each type.
(i) Female XX with Male XO .
(ii) Female ZW with Male ZZ
Answer : The types of sex – determination mechanisms in the following crosses are :
(1) Female XX with Male XO : In this case females has a pair of X chromosomes and males have only one X chromosomes (the O indicates absence of chromosome), so it is the case of male 0 hetrogamety eg: grasshopper (2) Female ZW with Male ZZ : This cross shows ZW type of sex determination. In this case female has one Z and one W chromosome and these chromosomes produces different kinds of gametes, so it is the case of female hetrogamety. eg: birds

Question.12. (i) Name the scientist who suggested that the genetic code should be made of a combination of three nucleotides.
(ii) Explain the basis on which he arrived at this conclusion.
Answer : (i) George Gamow suggested that the genetic code should be made up of a combination of three nucleotides.
(ii) He arrived at this conclusion by giving the explanation if a single nucleotide code for one amino acid, then only four amino acid could be provided. Alternatively, if two nucleotides specified one amino acid, then these could be a maximum number of 16 possible arrangements of three nucleotides code for one amino acid, then there could be 64 possible combinations. Later he suggested that every amino acid is coded by atleast one nucleotide triplet or codon.

Question.13. State the disadvantage of inbreeding among cattle. How it can be overcome ?
Answer : Continuous inbreeding among catde causes inbreeding depression, decreases the fertility and, even, the productivity of an animal. It can be overcome by applying outbreeding, in which mating is done between different breeds or individuals of the same breed with unrelated superior animals.

Question.14. Explain with the help of a suitable example the naming of a restriction endonuclease.
Answer : The nomenclature of a restriction endonuclease follows a rule as like :

1.  Ist letter of the name represents the genus of the organism from which the enzyme is derived.
2.  IInd and IIIrd letters represent the species of the organism,
   from wher it is isolated.
3. IVth letter represents the name of the strain.
4.  Last is the Roman number which represents order of isolation.
   For example, In EcoRI – Derived from E.coli, strain R. It : is the first to be isolated from the bacteria.

Question.15. State how has Agrobacterium tumifaciens been made a useful cloning vector to transfer DNA to plant cells.
Answer : Agrobacterium is a bacterium that transfers a piece of DNA to plant tissues by transferring its plasmid T-DNA to the plant genome. The plasmid T-DNA of Agrobacterium is cut with restriction endonuclease and the desired gene that has to be to transferred to a particular plant is inserted with the help of ligase enzyme. Then, this Agrobacterium plasmid is allowed to infect that
” particular plant, so that it can transfer the desired gene in to the plant genome through its T-DNA. ”

Question.16. Construct an age pyramid which reflects a stable growth status of human population.
Answer : The age pyramid that reflects a stable growth status of human population can be represented as follows :

Question.17. Apart from being a part of the food chain, predators play other important roles. Mention any two such roles supported by examples.
Answer : Predators play an important role in :

1.  Maintaining the prey population under control, this regulates intra-species competition.
   For example, if tigers are removed from a forest, spotted deer will multiply rapidly. This would result in rapid destruction of herbs and grasses in the forest and ultimately the whole forest.
2.  Predators also help in maintaining species diversity in a community, by reducing the intensity of competition among prey species.
   For Example : the starfish pisaster is an important predator on the rocky intertidal communities of the American Pacific Coast. In a field experiment, when all the starfish were removed from the area, more than 10 species of invertebrates became extinct within a year, because of inter-specific competition.

Question.18. How are ‘sticky ends’ formed on a DNA strand ? Why are they so called ?
Answer : Sticky ends in DNA strands are produced with the help of restriction enzymes. These enzymes cut the strand of DNA a little away from the centre of the palindrome sites but between the two same bases on the opposite strands. This leaves a single stranded portions at the ends. There are overhanging stretches called ‘sticky ends’ on each. strand,

These are called sticky ends because they form hydrogen bonds with their complementary cut counterparts. This stickiness of the ends facilitates the action of the enzyme DNA ligase.

SECTION-C

Question.19. Explain any three advantages at seeds offer to angiosperms.
Answer: Seeds offer the following advantages to angiosperms :

1. They provide nourishment and parental care to the developing embryo.
2.  They protect the embryo from harsh environmental conditions.
3. The dispersal of seeds to far-off places prevents competition among the members of the same species, thus preventing their extinction.

Question.20. Name and explain the role of the inner and middle walls of the human uterus.
Answer : The inner glandular wall of the uterus is known as endometrium.
Role : During the menstrual cycle, the endometrium wall grows into a thick, blood vessel-rich, glandular layer. It is the where embryo gets implanted. If fertilisation does not occur, the endometrium is shed during the hemorrhagic phase of the menstrual cycle.
The middle wall of the uterus is known as myometrium.
Role: It consists of smooth muscles. It brings strong contraction during delivery of the baby.

Question.21. A color-blind child is bom to a normal couple. Work out a cross to show how it is possible. Mention the sex of this child.
Answer : Color blindness is a sex-linked disease. The gene for this disorder is present on the X chromosome. The color blind child is son with genotype XCY. and sex of the child is male and carrier female.

OR
Mendel published his work on inheritance of characters in 1865, but it remained unrecognised till 1900. Give three reasons for the delay in accepting his work.
Answer: The three reasons that delay in accepting Mendels work:

1.  Lack of communication and publicity. He published it in a journal that had limited circulation.
2.  His concept of factors (genes) as a discrete units that did not blend with each other was not accepted in the light of variations occurring continuously in nature.
3. Mathematical approach : Mendel’s approach to explain biological phenomenon with the help of mathematics was also not accepted.

Question.22. Women are often blamed for producing female children. Consequently, they are ill-treated and ostracized. How will you address this issue scientifically if you were to conduct an awareness programme to highlight the values involved ?
Answer: Women are not responsible for determination of the gender of a child. It is absolutely wrong to ill-treat a woman for giving birth to a girl child.
In human there are 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes and one pair of sex chromosome. In human sperm (haploid) has 22 autosomes and one of the two types of sex chromosomes, i.e. either X or Y. While human females ova (haploid) have 22 autosomes and contaih only X chromosomes. The gender of a child is determined by the type of the sex chromosome (X or Y) carried by sperm that fuses with the ovum at the time of fertilization. If the fertilising sperm has an X chromosome, then the baby would be a female and if a sperm with Y chromosomefuses with the ovum, it will develop into a male child. Thus scientifically it is correct that to say that males are responsible for determination of the gender of a child. Both males and females are equally important in every respect for the balance of nature and continuity of our species and it should because of equal joy to parents. .

Question.23. (a) Name the tropical sugar cane variety grown in South India. How has it helped in improving the sugar cane quality grown in North India ?
(b) Identify ‘a’, ‘b’ and c’ in the following table :

Answer : (a) Saccharum ojficinarum variety grown in South India, which has a thicker stem and high sugar content but, it didnot grow well in Northern India. Saccharum barberi is a natively grown in Northern India. These two varieties vtere crossed to get the desirable qualities of both (high yield, higher sugar content, thicker stem and the ability to grow in Northern India).
(b) (i) Aphids (ii) Jassids and fruit borer (iii) Okra (Bhindi)

Question.24. Why are beehives kept in a crop field during flowering period ? Name any two crop fields where this is practised.
Answer: Beehives are kept in a crop field during flowering period to increase the pollination efficiency of the crop, which increases the crop yield. Also, bees collect huge amounts of nectar from the flowers of the crop in a close reach without much foraging without difficulty. This increases honey yield. Crop fields where this is practiced: Apple, sunflower and watermelon fields

Question.25. How did the process ofRNA interference help to control the nematode from infecting roots of tobacco plants ? Explain.
Answer: RNA Interference (RNAi) is a gene-silencing process that blocks the expression of genes in the parasite when it enters the host s body.

1. Meloidegyne incognitia infects roots of tobacco plants and cause a severe loss by causing reduction in yield.
2.  RNAi is a method to prevent infestation of roots of tobacco plants by a nematode Meloidegyne incognitia.
3.  It is a defense in all eukaryotic organisms.
4.  In RNAi, a complementary RNA binds to mRNA to form a double strand RNA(dsRNA) that cannot translate and blocked the expression mRNA.
5. In this process, initially nematode-specific genes (DNA) are introduced in the host plant.
6.  This introduced DNA forms both sense and antisense RNA.
7.  These two strands, being complementary to each # other so that they form dsRNA.
8. This dsRNA results in RNA interference and finally silenced the specific mRNA of nematode.
9.  Thus and the parasite cannot survive in the transgenic host expressing specific RNAi. The transgenic plant therefore got itself protected from the parasite.

Question.26. Study the graph given below and answer the questions that follow:

(i) Write the status of food and space in the curves (a) and (b).
(ii) In the absence of predators, which one of the two curves would appropriately depict the prey population?
(iii) Time has been shown on X-axis and there is a parallel dotted line above it. Give the significance of this dotted line.
Answer : (i) This curve show sample food and space for the population depicted by curve :
a : When the food and space are unlimited available
b :When the resources are limiting, the curve becomes sigmoid.
(ii) In the absence of predators, curve b would appropriately depict the prey population.
(iii) The dotted line represents the carrying capacity. The carrying capacity represents the size of population that the environment can hold by providing necessary resources.

Question.27. (i) What is primary productivity ? .Why does it vary in different types of ecosystems ?
(ii) State the relation between gross and net primary productivity.
Answer : (i) Primary productivity is the amount of biomass produced per unit area in a certain time period by plants during photosynthesis. It is expressed in terms of g/m2 or Kcal/m2.
Primary productivity depends upon the type of plant species associated with an ecosystem, photosynthetic capacity of these plants and nutrient availability. This is the reason why it varies in different types of ecosystems.
(ii) The relation between the gross and net primary productivity can be shown as :

It is the rate of production of organic matter during photosynthesis, where,
Pn = Net primary productivity (NPP)
Pg = Gross primary productivity (GPP)
R = Respiration losses.

SECTION-D

Question.28. (a) Coconut palm is monoecious, while date palm is dioecious. Why are they so called ?
(b) Draw a labelled diagram of sectional view of a mature embryo sac of an angiosperm.
Answer : (a) Cocunut palm is monoecious, while date palm is dioecious because in coconut palm both as male and female flowers are borne on the same plant, while date palm bears exclusively either male flowers or female flowers.
(b) Diagram showing sectional view of a mature embryo sac of an angiosperm

OR
(a) How is ‘oogenesis’ markedly different from ‘spermatogenesis’ with respect to the growth till puberty in the humans?
(b) Draw a sectional view of human ovary and label the different follicular stages, ovum and Corpus luteum.

Question.29. (a) Explain the process of DNA replication with the help of a schematic diagram.
(b) In which phase of the cell cycle does replication occur in
Eukaryotes ? Whast would happen if cell-division is not
followed after DNA replication.
Answer : (a) Mechanism of DNA Replication. The following
steps are involved in replication of DNA’:

1.  Origin of Replication : Replication begins at a particular region of DNA which has a particular nucleotide sequence called autonomic replicating dioxyribonucleo tides:
2. Oxynation of dioxyribonuleotides:
   
3.  Initation of Replication: Origin of replication is recognised by complex. The unwinding of DNA molecules starts at specific points called Initiation point. These are identified by specific initiator proteins.
4.  Unwinding of Helix :
   (a) The enzyme Helicase unwinds the DNA helix & unzips the double strands of DNA. This process is ATP dependent. It takes place by breaking of H-bonds.
   (b) Unwinding of DNA molecule into two strands results in the formation of DNA replication bubble which later extend as a Y-shaped structure called Replication fork.
   (c) The separated strands become stablised in this condition with the help of single strand binding proteins (SSBPs).
   (d) Due to unwinding, a supercoiling & tenstion is created, which is released by enzymes Topoisomerases I & II. Topoisomerase II of prokaryotes is also called Gyrase, which functions both as Helicase & Topoisomerases .
5. Formation of Primer Strand:
   (a)Once the primer strand formed,DNA replication occurs in 5”->3′ direction i.e during synthesis of new strand dioxyribonuleotides (dATP,dGTP,dTTP,dCTP) are added in the free 3′ OHead.
   
   
   The -release of 2 phosphate molecule & energy aid in formation of H-bonds.
   
   (b) DNA replication occurs in S phase of cell cycle in eukaryotes. If cell division is not followed aftre DNA. replication then cell enters in G0 phase and becomes permanent and specialized.
   (c) As the DNA replication proceeds on the two parental strands, synthesis of daughter parent 3’—> 5’ strand. It is called Leading Daughter strand.
   (d) Synthesis of the other daughter strand along the other parental strand, takes place in the form of short pieces because of the opposite arrangement of nucleotides. A new RNA primer is formed everytime, where new DNA strand is built in small segments. These RNA primers are removed by polymerase I & a enzymes in prokaryotes .
   (e) Since replication is continuous over one strand & discontinuous over the other, it is called semi-continuous replication.
   (f) Discontinuous pieces of the lagging strand are joined Overall Direction of Replication.

(b) DNA replication occurs in S phase of cell cycle in eukaryotes.If cell division is not followed after DNA replication then cell enters in G0 phase and becomes permanent and specialized.
OR
(a)Explain Darwinian theory of evolution with the help of one suitable example. State the two key concept of the theory.
(b) Mention any three characteristics of Neanderthal man that lived in near east and central Asia.
Answer: (a) Darwinian Theory of Evolution took place by natural selection. The number of life forms depends upon their life span and their ability to multiply. Another aspect of Darwinian Theory is natural selection, the survival of the fittest where nature selects the individuals, which are most fit to adapt to their environment. Example: Selection of the antibiotic resistant in bacteria. When a bacterial population grow on an agar plate containing antibiotic penicillin, the colonies that are sensitive to penicillin die, whereas one or few bacterial colonies that are resistant to penicillin survive. This is because these bacteria have undergone mutation results in evolution of a gene that made them resistant to penicillin drug. Hence, the advantage of an individual over the other helps in the struggle for existence.The two key concepts of the theory are :

1. Branching descent : According to this concept, various species have come into existence from a common ancestor.
2. Natural selection : According to this concept, nature selects the individuals, which are most fit to adapt to their environment.

(b) Characteristics of Neanderthal man :

1.  They possess a brain size of 1400 cc.
2.  They were short but very strong with upwards curved thigh bones. .
3.  They used the hides to protect their body and to bury the dead.

Question.30. (a) Name the technology that has helped scientists to propagate on a large scale the desired crops in a short duration. List the steps carried out to propagate the crops by the said technique.
(b) How are somatic hybrids obtained?
Answer : (a) Plant tissue culture is the technique of in vitro maintenance and growth of plant cells, tissues & organs on a suitable culture medium. The technique of tissue culture was first suggested by Gottleib Haberlandt in 1902.

The following steps are carried out to propagate crops by tissue culture :

1.  Preparation of suitable medium : Suitable medium, containing a carbon source, such as sucrose, and inorganic
   salts, vitamins, amino acids and growth regulators like auxin, cytokinin etc.
2. Selection of Explant : Any part of the plant, especially apical and axillary meristem can be used as explant.
3.  Incubation : Growing the explant in the test tube, under sterile conditions.
4.  Regeneration : Since explant show the property of totipotency, new plantlet can be regererated.
5. Hardening : Regenerated plants are grown in pots, to expose them to environmental conditions.
6.  Plantlet transfer: After hardening, plantlets are transferred to field.

(b) Isolated protoplasts from two different varieties of plants, each having a desirable character, can be further gronw to form a new plant. These hybrids are called somatic hybrid while the process is called somatic hybridisation.
OR
(a) Cancer is one of the most dreaded diseases of humans.
Explain ‘Contact inhibition and ‘Metastasis’ with respect to the disease. .
(b) Name the group of genes which have been identified in normal cells that could lead to cancer and How they do so?
(c) Name any two techniques which are useful to detect cancers of internal organs.
(d) Why are cancer patients often given a-interferon as part of the treatment ?
Answer : (a) Cancer is one of the most dreaded disease of humans. Normal cells show a property called contact1 inhibition, by virtue of which contact with other cells and inhibits their uncontrolled growth but cancer cells lose this property. As a result, cancer cells divide continously to give rise to a mass of cells (tumours).
Metastasis is a property of malignant tumours. Some cancer cells from tumors gets sloughed from the tumor and the reach distant sites through the blood and wherever they reach initiate the formation of new tumours by dividing actively. This property is called metastasis.
(b) Cellular oncogenes (c-onc) and proto-oncogenes are the group of genes that have been identified in normal cells. These genes when activated under certain conditions, would lead to oncogenic transformation of the cells.
(c) Techniques such as radiography, CT (Computed Tomography) and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) are useful to detect cancers of internal organs.
(d) The biological response modifiers such as a-interferoris are given to cancer patients as part of their treatment because it activates a patient s immune system and helps in destroying the tumour.

SET -II

SECTION-A

Question.4. Name the two intermediate hosts which the human liver fluke depends on to complete its life cycle so as to facilitate parasitization of its primary host.
Answer: Terrestrial snail and Fish, are two intermediate hosts on which the human liver fluke depends on to complete its life cycle so as to facilitate parasitization of its primary host.

Question.7. Mention how does DNA polymorphism arise in a population.
Answer : DNA polymorphism is a genetic variant and intro-duced in a population by mutation and genetic drift.

SECTION-B

Question.9. Name the organic materials the exine and intine of an angiosperm pollen grains are made up of. Explain the role of exine.
Answer: Exine is made of sporopollenin. Intine is made of cellulose and pectin. Sporopollenin (exine) is most resistant organic material which can with stand high temperature and acids and alkalies.

Question.13. How can healthy potato plants be obtained from a desired potato variety which is viral infected ? Explain.
Answer: Tissue culture can get us disease free potato plants from viral infected plants. The apical and axillary meristems of virus infected plant are free of virus. So meristems can be removed and their culture can give us virus free plants.

Question.15. What is Biopiracy ? State the initiative taken by the Indian Parliament towards it.
Answer : Biopiracy is defined as the use of bio-resources by mitltinational companies or other organisations without
proper authorisation from concerned country or people. Indian Parliament has declared second amendment of Indian Patents bill Act (1970) this bill considers patenting, its terns emergency provisions and research and development initiatives.

Question.18. Write the role of‘Ori’ and ‘restriction site in a cloning vector pBR322.
Answer: Role of Ori sequence and ristriction site in pBR322: Ori is a genetic sequence that acts as the initiation site for replication of DNA, when any fragment linked .to this sequence ‘ can be initiated to replicate within host cells.
Recognition site is the specific DNA sequences which contains different palindromic sequence, as recognized by respective restriction enzymes (such as EcoRI, Hind III, Pvul, BamHI etc.). Recognition sites are sequences where the restriction enzymes cut the DNA.

SECTION-C

Question.20. A cross between a normal couple resulted in a son who was haemophilic and a normal daughter. In course of time, when the daughter was married to a normal man, to their surprise, the grandson was also haemophilic.
(a) Represent this cross in the form of a pedigree chart. Give the genotypes of the daughter and her husband.
(b) Write the conclusion you draw of the inheritance pattern of this disease.
Answer: (a)
Genotype of daughter- XX
Genotype of husband- XY

(b) Conclusion: Haemophilia is a sex-linked recessive disease which shows it is transmitted from the carrier female to the sons. From the above pedigree chart, it can be observed that the disease is being transmitted from the carrier female to her daughter (carrier) and son (affected). The carrier daughter transmits this disease to the grandson and the possibility of a female becoming a haemophilic is extremely rare. This inheritance is called crisscross inheritance.

Question.22. Draw a labelled diagram of the sectional view of a Human seminiferous tubule, (six parts to be labelled)
Answer:

SECTION-D

Question.30. Explain the ovarian and uterine events that occur during a menstrual cycle in a human female, under the influence of Pituitary and Ovarian hormones respectively.
Answer : Menstrual Cycle : Menstrual cycle is the reproductive cycle in all primates and begins at puberty (menarche). It involves cyclic changes in females reproductive tract culminating in menstruation that is flow of cast off uterine and fallopian tube lining along with blood and tissue fluid through the vagina. In human females, menstruation occurs once in 28 to 29 days. The cycle of events starting from one menstruation till the next one is called the menstrual cycle.
It consist of three phases:

1. Proliferating phases : It last for about 14 days. Lining of the uterus and fallopian tubes proliferates and its vascularization increases. A graafian follicle grows, matures and secretes oestrogen. It ruptures to release its egg (secondary oocyte) after about 14 days. The LH and FSH are at their peak in the middle before release of oocyte. This phase is also called the ovulatory phase.
2.  Secretory phase : It lasts for-about 10 days. The empty graafian follicle forms in it corpus luteum which secretes progesterone. The lining of uterus and fallopian tubes undergoes further hypertrophy. Endometrial glands of the uterus secrete a nutritive fluid for the foetus.
3.  Menstrual (Bleeding) phases : It lasts for about 4 days. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum regresses, and the linning of uterus and fallopian tubes breakdown, resulting in menstrual flow. This occurs after 25 days and continues 3 to 5 days. The basal part of endometrial lining remain intact during menstruation and produces new uterine lining.
   

OR
(a) Why does endosperm development precede embryo development in angiosperm seeds ? State the role of endosperm in mature albuminous seeds.
(b) Describe with the help of three labelled diagrams the different embryonic stages that include mature embryo of dicot plants.
Answer : (a) Endosperm development precedes embryo development in angiosperm seeds because primary endosperm cell divides repeatedly and forms a triploid endosperm tissue. The cells of this tissue are filled with reserve food materials which provide nutrition to the developing embryo.
Albuminous seeds stores starch and fat to retain a part of endosperm as it is not completely used up during embryo development (e.g. wheat, maize, barley, castor, sunflower).
(b) Development of embryo :
The Zygote formed after fertilization of egg cell starts dividing and gives rise to proembryo. This proembryo further divides, forming a globular, heart-shaped and mature embryo.

Following are the steps that occur during the development of embryo:

1.  In dicots zygote elongates and divides into upper and lower cell.
2.  The lower one lying toward micropyle further divides in one direction into a row of cell called suspensor.
3.  The upper cell towards the antipodal end is called embryo cell.
4.  The first cell of the suspensor often enlarges and acts as , haustorium or absorbing organ while its terminal cell called hypophysis cell divides giving rise to the apex of the radicle.
5. The upper cell or embryo cell enlarges and divides repeatedly to form eight cells that are arranged in two tiers – epibasal (terminal) and hypobasal (near the suspensor). A typical dicot embryo consists of an embryonal axis and two cotyledons.
6.  The portion of the embryonal axis above the level of cotyledons is called epicotyl. It contains the plumule (shoot tip). The portion below the axis is called hypocotyl. It contains the radicle (root tip). The root tip is covered by the root cap.
7.  Subsequent divisions give rise to globular heart-shaped embryo.

SET -III

SECTION-A

Question.3. How is repetitive/satellite DNA separated from bulk genomic DNA for various genetic experiments ?
Answer : Satellite DNA is separated from bulk genomic DNA by density-gradient centrifugation technique. They are separated as different peaks. The bulk DNA forms a Major peak and the other small peaks are referred to as satellite DNA.

Question.5. Name the Green House gases that contribute to total global warming.
Answer: Carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, ozone and methane are the Greenhouse gases that are responsible for global warming.

SECTION-B

Question.12. What is gene therapy ? Name the first clinical case where it was used ?
Answer : Gene therapy is a experimental technique in which genes can be used for treating and preventing disease. A four year old girl became the first gene therapy patient on September 14, 1990 at the NIH clinical center. She was suffering from adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.

Question.15. Why does Bt toxin not kill the bacterium that produces it, but kill the insect that ingests it ?
Answer : Bt toxin protein is produced by a soil bacterium called Bacillus thuringiensis in inactive prototoxin and crystalline form. The prototoxin form does not kill the bacteria. It becomes active and toxic when it is consumed by insects such as lepidopterans (armyworm), coleopterans (beedes) and dipterans (flies/mosquitoes) due to presence of alkaline pH in the gut. The activated toxin (delta endotoxins) binds to the epithelial cells in the midgut of an insect and creates pores that cause lyses and swelling, eventually killing the insect.

Question.17. Identify the following pairs as homologous of analogous organs1:
(i) Sweet potato and potato
(ii) Eye of octopus and eye of mammals ,
(iii) Thoms of Bougainvillaea and tendrils of Cucurbits
(iv) Fore limbs of bat and whale
Answer : (i) Analogous organs, (ii) Analogous organs,
(iii) Homologous organs, (iv) Homologous organs

Question.18. List the post – fertilisation events in angiosperms.
Answer : The various post-fertilisation events occurring in angiosperms are:

1. Sepals, petals and stamens of the flower dry up alid fall off.
2. The Zygote develops into an embryo.
3.  Ovules develop into the seed.
4.  The Ovary develops into the fruit.

SECTION-C

Question.21. What are Methanogens ? Name the animals they are present in and the role they play there.
Answer: Methanogens are anaerobic bacteria grow anaerobically on cellulose material that produce large amounts of methane.
Ex : Methanobacterium.
Methanogens are commonly found in the rumen of catde and help in cellulose digestion. Hence, excreta of cattle (gobar) is rich in methanogens.

Question.27. There are many animals that have become extinct in the wild but continue to be maintained in Zoological parks.
(i) What type of biodiversity conservation is observed in this case ?
(ii) Explain any other two ways which help in this type of conservation.
Answer : (i) It is an example of ex-situ conservation.
(ii) Cryopreservation and tissue culture are two ways that helps in ex-situ conservation.
Cryopreservation : The preservation of gamates of threatened species in viable and fertile conditions at sub-zero temperatures which help in preserving these cells for longer periods.
Tissue culture : Plants are propagated from a small mass of tissue, called callus.

SECTION-D

Question.29. (a) Draw a labelled diagrammatic view of human male reproductive system.
(b) Differentiate between :
(i) Vas deferens and vasa efferentia
(ii) Spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis
Answer: (a) Diagrammatic view of a human male reproductive
OR
(a) Explain the phenomenon of double fertilization.
(b) Draw a labelled diagram of a typical anatropous ovule.
Answer : (a) Phenomenon of double fertilisation :
Pollen grains gets transferred from the anther to the stigma, and then the pollen tube enters one of the synergids and released two male gametes. One gamete moves towards the egg cell and fuses to form the zygote to complete the syngamy. The other gamete fuses with the two polar nuclei and forms triploid Primary Endosperm Nucleus (PEN). This fusion of one male gamete with two polar nuclei is termed as triple fusion. Since, , two kinds of fusion—syngamy and triple fusion—take place during fertilization in a flower, the process is known as double fertilization. It is a characteristic of flowering plants.

(b) Labelled diagram of a typical anatropous ovule

CBSE previous Year Solved  Papers  Class 12 English Outside Delhi 2012

Time allowed : 3 hours                                                                                           Maximum Marks: 100
General Instructions :

1. This paper is divided into three sections : A, B and C. All the sections are compulsory.
2. Separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary. Read these instructions very carefully and follow them faithfully.
3. Do not exceed the prescribed word limit while answering the questions.

SET I

SECTION – A
READING

Question.1. Read the passage given below and answer the questions ‘ that follow:

1.  While there is no denying that the world loves a winner, it is important that you recognise the sighs of stress in your behaviour and be healthy enough to enjoy your success. Stress can strike anytime, in a fashion that may leave you unaware of its presence in your life. While a certain amount of pressure is necessary for performance, it is important to be able to recognize your individual limit. For instance, there are some individuals who accept competition in a healthy fashion. There are others who collapse into weeping wrecks before an exam or on comparing mark- sheets and finding that their friend has scored better.
2.  Stress is a body reaction to any demands or changes in its , internal and external environment. Whenever there is a change in the external environment such as temperature, pollutants, humidity and working conditions, it leads to stress. In these days of competition when a person makes up his mind to surpass what has been achieved by others, leading to an imbalance between demands and resources,
   it causes psycho-social stress.-It is a part and parcel of everyday life.
3.  Stress has a different meaning, depending on the stage of life you are in. The loss of a toy or a reprimand from the parents might create a stress shock in a child. An adolescent who fails in examination may feel as if everything has been lost and life has no further meaning. In an adult the loss of his or her companion, job or professional failure may appear as if there is nothing more to be achieved.
4.  Such signs appear in the attitude and behaviour of the individual, as muscle tension in various parts of the body, palpitation and high blood pressure, indigestion and hyper-acidity. Ultimately the result is self-destructive behaviour such as eating and drinking too much, smoking excessively, relying on tranquilisers. There are other signs of stress such as trembling, shaking, nervous blinking, dryness of throat and mouth and difficulty in swallowing.
5.  The professional under stress behaves as if he is a perfectionist. It leads to depression, lethargy and weakness. Periodic mood shifts also indicate the stress status of the students, executives and professionals.
6.  In a study sponsored by World Health Organisation and carried out by Harvard School of Public Health, the global burden of diseases and injury indicated that stress diseases
    and accidents are going to be the major killers in 2020.
7.  The heart disease and depression — both stress diseases- are going to rank first and second in 2020. Road traffic accidents are going to be the third largest killers. These accidents are also an indicator of psycho-social stress in a fast-moving society. Other stress diseases like ulcers, hypertension and sleeplessness have assumed epidemic proportions in modern societies.
8.  A person under stress reacts in different ways and the
   common ones are flight, fight and flee depending upon the nature of the stress and capabilities of the person. The three responses can be elegantly chosen to cope with the stress so that stress does not damage the system and become distress.
9.  When a stress crosses the limit, peculiar to an individual, it lowers his performance capacity. Frequent crossings of the limit may result in chronic fatigue in which a person’ feels lethargic, disinterested and is not easily motivated to achieve anything. This may make the person mentally undecided, confused and accident prone as well. Sudden exposure to un-nerving stress may also result in a loss of memory. Diet, massage, food supplements, herbal medicines, hobbies, relaxation techniques and dance movements are excellent stress busters.

(a) (i) What is stress ? What factors lead to stress ?
Answer : Stress is a body reaction to any demands or changes in its internal and external environment.
Whenever there is a change in the external .environment such as temperature, pollutants, humidity and working conditions, it leads to stress and when there is an imbalance between demands and resources, it causes psycho-social stress.
(b) Which words in the above passage mean the same as the following ?
(i) fall down (para 1)
Answer: Collapse
(ii) Rebuke (para 3)
Answer: Reprimand
(iii) Inactive (para 9)
Answer: Lethargic

Question.2. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
Research has shown that the human mind can process words at the rate of about 500 per minute, whereas a speaker speaks at the rate of about 150 words a minute. The difference between the two at 350 is quite large.
So a speaker must make every effort to retain the attention of the audience and the listener should also be careful not to let his mind wander. Good communication calls for good listening skills. A good speaker must necessarily be a good listener.
Listening starts with hearing but goes beyond. Hearing, in other words is necessary, but is not a sufficient condition for listening. Listening involves hearing with attention. Listening is a process that calls for concentration. While listening, one should also be observant.
In other words, listening has to do with the ears, as well as with the eyes and the mind. Listening is to be understood as the total process that involves hearing with attention, being observant and making interpretations. Good communication is essentially an interactive process. It calls for participation and involvement. It is quite often a dialogue rather than a monologue. It is necessary to be interested and also show or make it abundantly clear that one is interested in knowing what the other person has to say.
Good listening is an art that can be cultivated. It relates to skills that can be developed.
A good listener knows the art of getting much more than what the speaker is trying to convey. He knows how to prompt, persuade but not to cut off or interrupt what the other person has to say. At times the speaker may or may not be coherent, articulate and well-organised in his thoughts and expressions. He may have it in his mind and yet he may fail to marshal the right words while communicating his thought. Nevertheless a good listener puts him at ease, helps him articulate and facilitates him to get • across the message that he wants to convey. For listening to be effective, it is also necessary that barriers to listening are removed. Such barriers can be both physical and psychological. Physical barriers generally relate to hindrances to proper hearing whereas psychological barriers are more fundamental and relate to the interpretation and evaluation of the speaker and the message.
(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage, make notes in points only, using abbreviations wherever necessary. Supply a suitable title.
1. Notes
(i) Diff. between mind and spkr.
(a) mind press fstr than spkr .
(b) good communicant rq rs good lisng skills
(c) good spkr shud be good lisnr
(ii) Diff. between lisng and hearing.
(a) hearing not sufficient
(b) lisng involves attntn and concentration
(c) lisng requires participation and involvement
(iii) good lisng is an art
(a) good lisnr knows better than spkr
(b) when spkr fails, lisnr helps
(c) barriers for lisng shud be removed

Title : Qualities of a Good Listener
(b) Write a summary of the above passage in about 80 words.

SUMMARY

The processing of words can be done by human mind at a faster rate than the speaker speaks. Therefore speaker must be attentive and listener should also be careful. Good speaker must be a good listener. Listening is hearing with concentration. Good listening is an art and a good listener grasps faster than what the speaker is trying to tell. When speaker fails, listener helps. But for listening, certain physical and psychological barriers should be removed.

SECTION – B:
ADVANCED WRITING SKILLS

Question.3. You are Mohan/Mohini, General Manager of P.K. industries, 1 Hyderabad. You need an accountant for your company. Draft, in not more than 50 words, ah advertisement to be published in ‘The Hindu’, in classified columns.
OR
You lost your Titan wrist watch in your school. Draft a notice in not more than 50 words, to be placed on your school notice board. You are a student of class XII of Rani Ahalya Devi Senior Secondary School, Gwalior. Sign as Rani/Ram.
Answer:

Question.4.Your school has arranged 4 musical night in the school auditorium. Write a report in 100-125 words on this programme, for your school magazine. You are Mahima/ Mahesh, Cultural Secretary of Vasant Vihar Public School, Itarsi. Invent the details.
Answer:

MUSICAL NIGHT
A REPORT

20th October, 2014 .
Vasant Vihar Public School, Itarsi had arranged a musical ‘ night in the school auditorium last week. The chief guest of the function was none other than very popular singer Mr. Abhijeet. Our Principal, honorable Mr. M.P. Sharnia welcomed him with bouquet and garland of roses. The auditorium was jam packed. The theme of the program was the fusion of the Indian and Western music. One could
see the exuberant enthusiasm of the budding artists while performing. In the category of 10-15 years, the children grasped the attention of the audience most, as they played the musical instruments themselves and entertained the crowd with their line-up songs. The old songs caught the attention of the public more than the new ones. The function concluded with the song sung by Mr. Abhijeet on the demand of public.
Mahima (Cultural Secretary)
Vasant Vihar Public School, Itarsi
OR
You witnessed a lire accident in a slum area near your colony on Saturday night. You were very much disturbed at the pathetic sight. Write a report in 100-125 words for your school magazine. You are Lakshmi/Lakshman, a student of P.D.K. International School, Madurai.

A FIRE ACCIDENT
REPORTED BY: LAKSHMI
P.D.K. International School, Madurai

5th July, 2014
On Saturday night, I was busy doing my project work when suddenly I heard loud noise from nearby slum area. I could not resist the temptation to see and found a huge gathering outside. The fire was gulping everything it could and high flames and smoke had covered the whole sky. People were pouring buckets of water on the flames and fire. Some of the people were trapped in and were crying for help. Few of them were able to escape but their belongings were burnt. Two children could not tolerate the suffocating smoke and were succumbed to it. Two women and four children had already become unconscious and suffered severe burns. They were rushed to the hospital and fire could be controlled only after the arrival of fire brigade. The scene was of complete disaster, nothing could be saved. It was found later that fire broke out due to short circuit in one of the nearby shops.
-Write a letter to the station master, Anand, informing him about the loss of your suitcase which you realized only on alighting at Anand. You travelled by Navjivan express from Chennai to Anand. You are Priya/Prasad of 12, Kasturi Bai Street, Chennai-20.
OR
As a parent, write a letter to the Principal, ABC School Delhi, requesting him/her to grant your ward Akhil/Asha Arora, permission to attend the school two hours late for a month as he/she has to attend the coaching classes arranged by Sports Authority of India, on being selected for participation in National Swimming Championship.
Answer:
Priya
12 Kasturi Bai Street
Chennai-20
4th July, 2014
The Station master
Anand Dear Sir,
Subject: Enquiry for the lost suitcase
I bring to your notice that I boarded the train Navjivan Express from Chennai to Anand on 1st July, 2014 after attending a seminar held by National Educational Conference in Chennai. I was travelling in Coach No. G-17. On reaching Anand, I realized that I have lost my suitcase somewhere in between. It is a ‘Skybag’ which is black in colour and contains papers related to educational conference. There is a tag hanging on the side with my name ‘Priya’ written on it.
Kindly help in looking for it and inform me.
Yours faithfully
Priya
OR
Akash Arora
XYZ Colony,
Delhi
17th August, 2014 The Principal
ABC School,
Delhi
Sir,
Subject: Permission to attend the school two hours late My son, Akhil Arora has been studying fn your school in class IX; he is counted among the brilliant students of your school and has cleared the Orientation cum selection camp of Junior Science Olympiad held at Mumbai. Apart 1 from academics, he has also been selected for the National Swimming Championship which is going to be held in coming September. Therefore, he has to attend the coaching classes in the morning shift from 7 to 9 a.m. arranged by Sports Authority of India. So it is quite impossible for him l to reach school on time. I humbly request you to grant him permission to attend the school two hours late for a month
and I promise you that his studies won’t be affected at all and he would submit his work of all the subjects in time. I shall be highly obliged.
Thanking you
Yours faithfully
Akash Arora
(Father)

Question.6. Dance, as shown in some reality shows on TV, seems to be a mix of Gymnastics and RT. exercises. Actually it is neither. India has a rich tradition of classical and folk dances. Write an article in 150-200 words on the need to have a reality show exclusively based on Indian classical dances. You are Anu/Arun.
OR
You are Ajay/Anu, Head Boy/Girl of Kendriya Vidyalaya, Kanpur. You have seen some students of junior classes littering the school compound and verandahs with tiffin left-overs. It makes the school look unclean and untidy. Write a speech in 150-200 words to be delivered in the morning assembly, advising such students to keep the school neat and dean.
Answer:

DECLINING STANDARD OF DANCE SHOWS
BY: ANU

Dance reality shows, which are very popular nowadays, have lost their old charm due to decline in the standard of dance. They are a mixture of Gymnastics and P.T. exercises. The participants of the Indian Reality shows like ‘Dance India Dance’, ‘Litde Champs’, ‘Nach Baliye’ etc. receive special training on how to dance on the television but they do not touch the heights of Indian Classical Dance. It is our responsibility now to revive Indian classical Dance. Classical dance forms have come from ancient dance discipline and it has a great cultural value in India. It is embedded with Indian tradition from the pre historic period. It has different forms in different states of India. Some of them are Kathakali, Bharat Natyam, Odissi, Kuchipudi.
The dance forms based on these should be shown on reality shows so as to make our modern generation acquaint with their tradition and culture. These dance forms also have a soothing effect on the behavior, mind and the soul against the western dance which are aggressive and provocative. So there is a ray of hope that one day the days of classical dance would return.
OR
Respected Principal, Worthy Teachers and My Dear Friends. Today I, Anu, Head Girl of the school, is going to present my views on the “Cleanliness.” Our country is also known as the ‘Nation of Bapu’, but we do not fulfill his dreams actually. He was the man of principles and his main motto was to keep our country clean, but how many of us follow the morals and ethics of Bapu ? In a way, by not following his principles, we are showing disrespect towards him. I’m saying this because yesterday, after the lunch break, I saw some of our junior friends littering the school compound, playground and verandahs with tiffin left-overs. Do you know that the filth scattered everywhere becomes the feeding place of flies and mosquitoes ? This not only makes the school look dirty and unclean but also reflects one’s personality and life. This is the place where we come to earn values and it is our moral duty to keep it clean. Even the government has started ‘keep your city clean’ campaign, so children, please cooperate and begin from your school. . In the end, I request all the students to make proper use of dustbins and keep your school neat and clean.
Thank you.

SECTION – C
(Text Books)

Question.7.(a) Read the extract given below and answer the questions
that follow:
(i) What are the children compared to ?
(ii)Why do you think the girl is sitting with a weighted
down head ?
(iii)Give two phrases which tell us that the children are
under-nourished.
Answer:
(i) The children are compared to rootless weeds as they have pale faces and torn hair scattered all over their faces. A boy is as thin as paper with eyes like rat.
(ii)The girl is sitting with a weighed down head because she is depressed and ill due to poverty and embarrassed due to lack of education.
(iii)(a) paper seeming boy (b) rat’s eyes.
(b) Answer any three of the following in 30-40 words
each:
(i) What were the poet’s feelings at the airport ? How did she hide them ?
(ii) How can suspension of activities help ?
(iii) Why is ‘grandeur’ associated with the ‘mighty dead’ ?
(iv) How do the words ‘denizens and ‘chivalric’ add to our understanding of Aunt Jennifer’s tigers ?
Answer:
(i) The poet’s feelings at the airport were of fear of separation
from her mother which was also her childhood fear. She hid them by smiling again and again and before leaving promised her to meet soon.
(ii)Remaining quiet for some time helps us to assess ourselves and self analyze our activities for mental relaxation and help human race.
(iii)Grandeur is associated with the mighty dead because the huge tombs and buildings are erected in the memory of great personalities and they become more important
than they were when alive.
(iv) The tigers are the king of jungle and they are supposed to
be the bravest species on earth. They have a respectable position in the animal kingdom. So they are fearless inhabitants and symbolizes Aunt Jennifer’s attitude.

Question.8.Answer the following in 30-40 words each :
(a) How did M. Hamel say farewell to his students and the people of the town ?
(b) Who was the owner of Ramjso iron mills ? Why did he visit the mills at night ?
(c) Why did Douglas go to Lake Wentworth in New Hampshire ? How did he make his terror flee ?
(d) Why could the bangle makers not organize themselves into a cooperative ?
(e) Why did Sophie not want Jansie to know anything about her meeting with Danny Casey ?
Answer :
(a) M. Hamel gave his last lesson with full devotion and sincerity. He stood erect in his chair and looked pale. The students were quiet and all the villagers were sitting in the last benches. M. Hamel told them French was the most beautiful language and the importance of one’s language.
(b) The ironmaster was the owner of the Ramjso iron mills.
He generally visited the mills at night to check’ the working in the mill as he wanted to bring out the good quality of iron in the market.
(c) Douglas went to Lake Wentworth in New Hampshire to overcome his fear of water as he was not sure that terror had left him even after the training. He made his terror flee by swimming two miles in the lake all alone to get rid of his fear.
(d) The young bangle makers could not organize themselves into a cooperative due to fear of police and many of them had already fallen prey of the middlemen. Further they did not have any leader to help them.
(e) In Sophie s view, Jansie was a stupid girl who had no sense of keeping any secret. If she .had told about her meeting with Daney, there was a possibility that a Jansie would tell it to everybody and her father would be angry.

9.Answer the following in 125-150 words :
‘Give an account of Gandhiji’s efforts to secure justice for the poor Indigo sharecroppers of Champaran.
Answer : Gandhiji went to Champaran to solve the poor sharecroppers’ problems and their exploitation in the hands of British planters. He started collecting facts. Muzaffarpur lawyers gave him the details of the court case. The British landlords as well as commissioner did not co-operate with him. With the help of lawyers, Gandhiji collected the depositions by ten thousand peasants and other evidences were also gathered. He prepared documents and started investigations at the warfront in spite of protests from the landlords. He was even summoned by the Lieutenant Governor. After a long process, an official commission enquiry was set up to look into the reality of the matter. The enquiry collected many evidences against the British” planters. Gandhiji was the only representative of the poor shareholders who had their complete faith in him and Gandhiji was able to get justice for them. Finally the
landlords got agreed to make 25 percent refunds to the peasants. The farmers were influenced by this and got courage to fight for their rights. Within years the planters gave up their possession and indigo sharecropping ended. The peasants became the owner of their lands.

Question.10. Answer the following in 125-150 words :
How was ‘injured’ McLeery able to befool the prison officers ?
OR
What impression do you form about Dr. Sadao as a man and as a surgeon on your reading the chapter ‘The Enemy1 ?
Answer: Injured McLeery was in fact Evans himself. He ditched the prison officers and was able to escape. He told the officers in broken phrases that he knew where Evans could be found. He told them not to worry about the ambulance but arrange for the police. He asked Jackson to call for the Governor and drew his attention towards the German question paper which was lying on the table. On reading the question paper and translating it slowly, he got to know that Evans had fled from Elsfield Way drive to the Headington round about. Meanwhile the police had arrived and McLeery asked him to go to Elsfield Way. The Governor told Carter to take injured McLeery with him to a hospital but he befooled them and succeeded in escaping.
OR
Dr. Sadao was a Japanese surgeon and a scientist. He loved Japanese culture and that’s why he married Japanese girl Hana in the Japanese traditional way whom he met while studying in America. He married her only after getting the consent of his father which showed that he respected his father. He was intelligent and dedicated towards his work. He studied surgery in America for eight years and then returned back to his country to serve his own countrymen. He had two children. The old General Takima had full faith in him and was under his treatment, Dr. Sadao was not sent abroad with Japanese troop. Dr. Sadao was a true surgeon in the sense ‘ that he remembered his oath and did not let an enemy die although his own life and his family’s life were in danger. He also helped him in escaping from the place in the interest of his professional ethics and on humanitarian ground.

11. Answer the following in 30-40 words each :
(a) Why was the Maharaja so anxious to kill the hundredth tiger ?
Answer. According to an astrologer’s prediction, Maharaja would be killed by hundredth tiger, so when he had killed 99 tigers and only one tiger was left, he felt relieved as he would be free from all types of fear.
(b) How does Jo want the story to end ?
Answer : Jo wants an entirely different ending. She thinks that Wizard should hit the mother of Roger Skunk who wants him to smell foul again. This way Jo who has also asserted her own views on her father.
(c) What peculiar things does Derry notice about the old man, Lamb ?
Answer : Derry notices that Mr. Lamb is different from others. He says those things which can’t be understood by Derry. He motivates him to overcome his physical . disability. His house is also different with no curtains on the windows.

SET II

Note : Except for the following questions, all the remaining questions have been asked in previous sets.

SECTION-B
(ADVANCED WRITING SKILLS)

Question.3. You are Ratan/Rani, General Manager of Hotel Green Park, Lucknow. You need a receptionist for your hotel, i Draft an advertisement in not more than 50 .words to be published in ‘Hindustan Times’, Lucknow, calling for applications.
OR
You have lost your leather wallet containing your Examination Entry Ticket for class XII, while travelling by bus from Banshankari to M.G. Road in Bangalore. Write a notice in not more than 50 words, to be published in.‘Deccan Herald’. You are Pranav/Parveen, 12, Gandhi Road, Bangalore.
Answer:

Answer:

SECTION-C

Question.7.(b) (iii) What makes human beings love life in spite of troubles and sufferings ? (A Thing Of Beauty)
Answer : We have lots of sufferings and pain in our life. There are gloomy days, despair, dearth of noble nature, over darkened ways in human life, but things of beauty gives us hope to love life. The sun, the moon, daffodils etc., give us aesthetic pleasure and distract us from the ugly side of things.

Question.8.Answer the following in 30-40 words each :
(b) How did the ironmaster react on seeing the stranger lying close to the furnace ?
Answer : The ironmaster was on his surprise rounds on the Christmas Eve, he discovered a peddler in the dim light of furnace and mistook him for one of his old acquaintances.

Question.9.Answer the following in 125-150 words :
How did the instructor make Douglas a good swimmer ?
Answer : Douglas was afraid of water due to an incident in his childhood. Because of this fear he could not enjoy the water sports like boating, canoeing and swimming so he thought of conquering his fear and took an instructor to teach him swimming. The instructor tied a belt around him. A rope was attached to it and went through a pulley that ran on a cable overhead. This was done so that Douglas would not drown. The instructor then held one end of that rope and they went back and forth. Within three months of training, the fear of water became less. Then he told him to exhale under water and inhale above water. This exercise was repeated several times. The instructor held him on the edge of the pool and he kicked his legs. Douglas perfected each exercise and thus became a good swimmer.
OR
The Champaran episode was a turning poinf in Gandhiji’s life. Elucidate.
Answer : On ShukJa’s complaint about the injustice of the British landlords, Gandhiji went to Bihar with him and there he heard the problems of peasants and came to know about their pathetic situation. He was resolved to fight for the peasants and release the poor sharecroppers from the British landlords. From Patna he went to Muzaffarpur where he met the lawyers and convinced them that they were there to serve the peasants. He also rebuked them for charging big fee from the poor sharecroppers. His main aim was to make the peasants fearless as the freedom from fear was more important than legal justice for them. To set an example before them, he himself went to jail, although he was a stranger there. Seeing this, lawyers also agreed for the court arrest and peasants and poor sharecroppers contribution to freedom movement without any violence. Therefore Champaran episode proved to be a turning point in his life as he understood that people of India could win freedom by truth and non-violence.

Question.10. Answer the fpllowing in 125-150 words :
In spite of the precaution taken by the Governor, Evans was able to escape. How do you think he was able to do it ? Answer : Evans was a clever and cunning prisoner who befooled all the prison officers and escaped under a plan. He showed his desire to take O-level examination in German. He was the only student, so the Governor had appointed a German teacher to teach him. Because the Governor had not checked the teacher so a friend of Evans joined as a teacher. After ten months, the examination was arranged in the cell itself. Reverend McLeery was the invigilator who was also duped by him and a friend of Evans came as an invigilator. He carried a semi inflated tube with him and a pair of reading
glasses. Evans had a connection with the examination board, which helped him in knowing the places he would go after his escape from the prison. Two calls also helped him to ask for prison van and giving instructions to Stephens. Near the examination board, Evans injured McLeery and changed his make-up. The prison officer and the driver, who drove the prison van were also his friends. ,
OR
Why did Sadao Hold go to America ? Narrate his experience ‘ there ?
Answer : Sadao Hoki was a famous Japanese surgeon and scientist. He went to America to study medicine and surgery. His father wanted him to educate fully and that was the reason that he had been sent to America at the age of twenty two. He remained in America for eight years and then returned to his own country Japan. His father, whose soul aim was to see him as a famous personality, was fulfilled. Before his death, Sadao became renowned surgeon and a scientist.
He faced great difficulty while studying in America. First of all, he could not find a place to live because he was a Japanese and the Americans were full of prejudice for their race. Anyhow he was given a place to live by an old and dirty woman in her miserable house. But fortunately, one of his American Professors and his wife were kind enough to do something for their foreign students but they had small rooms was difficult to adjust with both husband and wife.

SET III

Note : Except for the following questions, all the remaining questions have been asked in previous sets.

SECTION-B
(ADVANCED WRITING SKILLS)

Question.3. As student Editor, draft a notice in not mote than 50 words for your school notice board inviting articles from the students for your school magazine. You are Rohan/Rupini of Vasant Vihar School, Pune.
Answer:

OR
Write an advertisement in not more than 50 words for the Lost and Found column of the ‘National Herald’, Lucknow stating the loss of your wallet containing a D.D. for Rs. 32,500 and some cash, while travelling by bus from Hazratganj to Nirala Nagar in Lucknow. You are Raman/ Rupa, 22A Hazratganj, Lucknow.
Answer:

SECTION-C

Question.7. (b) (iii) Describe any three things of beauty mentioned in the poem, ‘A Thing of Beauty’.
Answer : The three things of beauty mentioned in the poem A Thing of Beauty’ are—the blossoming of daffodils, musk roses and the clear streams among mountains.

Question.8. (b) Why didn’t the stranger tell the ironmaster that he was not Nils Olof?
Answer : The stranger didn’t tell the ironmaster that he was not Nils Olof because he thought that ironmaster might give him some kronors thinking him to be an old acquaintance. Therefore, he hid his real identity.

9. Answer the following in 125-150 words :
Why did Rajkumar Shukla invite Gandhiji to Champaran ? How did Gandhiji solve the problem of the indigo formers ?
Answer : Rajkumar Shukla was a poor peasant who was from Champaran district in Bihar. He came to Lucknow in December at annual convention of the Indian National Congress to complain Gandhiji about the plight of the sharecroppers. Gandhiji went to Champaran when he received the report of exploitation of the poor peasants. He began gathering the evidences. The British landlords as well as the commissioner did not co-operate with him in getting the facts. Lawyers were engaged to go to the court and they briefed him the case and gave full support.
Gandhiji and the lawyers collected the depositions of about ten thousand peasants.
The evidences and documents were collected. The investigators full-fledged started their investigations. This was intolerable to the landlords and Gandhiji was summoned before the lieutenant Governor. After few interviews, an official inquiry was set up to look into the matter of sharecroppers’ condition. They got sufficient evidences against the planters and the peasants were refunded 25%. This was a huge victory of farmers and they now got courage. Within a few years, the planters gave up their estates and peasants became the owner of the land.

Question.10. Answer the following in 125-150 words :
What purpose did the question paper and the correction slip serve ? How did they help both the criminals and the governor ?
Answer : The real purpose of the question paper and the correction slip was to provide Evans the plans of escaping from the cell. The sheet was cleverly superimposed. The correction slip also made the prison officers believe that the injured person was actually McLeery and he wanted to help them in tracing the criminal, Evans.
On the other hand the question paper and the correction slip helped both the criminals as well as Governor. The assistant secretary made a call to the governor after the examination had started that he had forgotten to place a correction slip in the package. In fact there was a clue in the slip for Evans that after escaping from the prison he should go to Hotel Golden Lions. At the same time this information helped the Governor to locate the Hotel where Evans was staying because Evans had written index number as 313 and the centre number as 271 which came out to be six figures 313/271 and with the help of ‘Ordnance Survey Map for Oxford shire’, Governor reached the hotel. This was also a part of their plan. Governor was made to trace Evans deliberately and eventually he was able to dupe the Governor and ran away.
OR
Why did Sadao help the American soldier to escape ? How did he do it ?
Answer : Dr. Sadao was a man of principles. Once when he was standing out of his house. Situated on the beach, he saw a man flung out of the ocean. He noticed that the man was an enemy soldier and wounded badly. He thought of throwing him back into the ocean but could not do so. Although he had no love for Americans and he was a true patriot still he saved him realizing his sacred duty to save a dying man. This brought an open defiance of his domestic staff and they all left him. His wife had to do all the household work. Moreover there was a high risk as he was sheltering an enemy. When he felt that the man was Out of danger, he helped him to escape. One night, Dr. Sadao put his boat on shore with food, water and extra clothing. He asked the soldier to row the boat to a little island that was not too far from the coast. He gave him a flashlight too to signal him twice in case he fell short of food and signal once if everything was okay. One evening there was no signaling and Dr. Sadao understood that the man had gone safely on a Korean fishing boat.

CBSE previous Year Solved  Papers  Class 12 Biology Outside Delhi 2013

Time allowed : 3 hours                                                                                           Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions :

1.  There are a total of 26 questions and five sections in the question paper, All questions are compulsory.
2. Section A contains question number 1 to 5, Very Short Answer type questions of one mark each.
3.  Section B contains question number 6 to 10, Short Answer type I questions of two marks each.
4.  Section C contains question number 11 to 22, Short Answer type II questions of three marks each.
5.  Section D contains question number 23, Value Based Question of four marks.
6. Section E contains question number 24 to 26, Long Answer type questions of five marks each.
7. There is no overall choice in the question paper, however, an internal choice is provided in one question of two marks, one question of three marks and all three questions of five marks. An examined is to attempt any one of the questions out of two given in the question paper with the same question number.

SET-I

SECTION-A

Question.1. Name an organism where cell division in itself is mode of reproduction.
Answer : The division of cell in itself is a mode of reproduction found in amoeba and paramoecium.

Question.2. When does a human body elicit a anamnestic response ?
Answer : When our body attacked by pathogens for the second time the memory cells which were formed during the first attack produces a highly intensified secondary or anamnestic response.

Question.3. Name any two disease the ‘Himgiri’ variety of wheat is resistant to.
Answer : The ‘Himgiri’ variety of wheat is resistant to leaf and stripe rust and hill bunt disease.

Question.4. State the role oi transposons in silencing of mRNA in eukaryotic cells.
Answer : Role of transposons : Silencing of a gene is done in order to prevent translation of mRNA, where transposons act as a complementary RNA that is used to stop translation.

Question.5. Why are green algae not likely to be found in the deepest  strata of the ocean ?
Answer : Green algae not likely to be found in the deepest strata of the ocean because deep inside the sea presence of sufficient light for photosynthesis and brackish water are not available so green algae are not present at this level, instead algae inhabits littoral zone of water.

Question.6. State what does‘standing crop’of a trophic level represent.
Answer : ‘Standing crop’ of a trophic level represent certain j mass of a living material at a particular time.

Question.7. Why is the use of unleaded petrol recommended for motor vehicles equipped with catalytic converters ?
Answer : The use of unleaded petrol- recommended for 1 motor vehicles equipped with catalytic converters because lead in petrol inactivates the catalysts which convert harmful pollutants (CO, unburnt hydrocarbons, nitric oxide) to lesser ,harmful pollutants (C02, HzO, N2).

Question.8. Name the type of biodiversity represented by the following :
(i) 1000 varieties of mangoes in India
(ii) Variations in terms of potency and concentration of reserpine in Rauwolfia vomitoria growing in different
regions of Himalayas.
Answer : (i) Genetic Biodiversity : (ii) Genetic Biodiversity

SECTION – B

Question.9. In angiosperm, zygote is diploid while primary endosperm cell is triploid. Explain.
Answer : (i) Fertilisation of haploid egg cell by one haploid male gamete to form diploid zygote also called syngamy.

(iii) Fertilisation of two (diploid) polar nuclei by the other haploid male gamete to form triploid primary endosperm nucleus also called triple fusion.

Question.10. A cross between red flower bearing plant and a white flower bearing plant of Antirrhinum produced all plants having pink flowers. Work out a cross to explain how this is possible.
Answer:

Phenotypic ratio: 1:2:1
Genotypic ratio: 1:2:1
R(Red) factor is not completely dominant over r(white) factor is incomplete dominance.

Question.11. List the two main propositions of Oparin and Haldane.
Answer : The two main propositions of Oparin and Haldane are : (i) The first form of life could have come from preexisting non-living organic molecules (e.g., RNA, protein etc.) i.e., first abiogenesis and biogenesis later.
(ii) The first form of life was preceded by chemical evolution i. e., formation of organic molecules from inorganic molecules like CH4, NH3 etc.

Question.12. Write the events that take place when a vaccine for any disease is introduced into the human body.
Answer : Vaccines are a non-virulent form of pathogens, when administered into the body, the body start making antibodies against the antigens present in the vaccine. , The vaccine also generate memory – B and T – cells, that recognize the pathogen quickly on. subsequent second exposure and wipe out the invaders with a massive production of antibodies.
OR
Why is a person with cuts and bruises following an accident administered tetanus antitoxin ? Give reasons. Answer : Tetanus antitoxins neutralize and provide passive immunity to the bacterial toxin. The antitoxin contain antibody against pathogen it attach and inactivate pathogen.

Question.13. Name the bacterium responsible for the large holes seen in ‘Swiss Cheese’. What are these holes due to ?
Answer : Propionibacterium sharmanii is responsible for the large holes seen in Swiss Cheese. The large holes are due to production of a large amount of C02 by a bacterium.

Question.14. Name the source of the DNA polymerase used in PCR technique. Mention why it is used.
Answer : Thermus aquaticus because it is heat stable DNA polymerase. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a method in which the desired gene is synthesised in vitro in following steps:
(a) Denaturation : The double-stranded DNA is denatured ’ by applying high temperature of 95°C for 15 seconds. Each separated single stranded now acts as template for DNA synthesis.
(b) Annealing : Two sets of primers are added which anneal to the 3′ end of each separated strand. Primers act as initiators of replication.
(c) Extension : DNA polymerase extends the primers by adding nucleotides complementary to the template provided. in the reaction. A thermostable DNA polymerase (Taq polymerase) is used in the reaction which can tolerate the high temperature of the reaction. All these steps are repeated many times to obtain several copies of desired DNA.

Question.15. Write any four ways used to introduce a desired DNA segment into bacterial cell in recombinant technology experiment.
Answer : The four ways used to introduce a desired DNA segment into bacterial cell in recombinant. technology experiment as following:
(i) Chemical Method : Poration by divalent cation such as calcium.
(ii) Micro injection : Recombinant DNA is directly injected into the nucleus of an animal cell.
(iii) Biolistic or gene gun: Plant cells are bombarded with hi gh velocity micro-particles of gold or tungsten coated with DNA.
(iv) Disarmed pathogen vectors : when allowed to infect the cell, transfer the recombinant DNA into the host.

Question.16. Why is proinsulin so called ? How is insulin different from it?
Answer : Proinsulin is a protein molecule and like a pro¬enzyme. It contain an extra strech of C peptide so it need to be processed to become fully mature and functional hormone like insulin, it is a mature hormone and is produced by the beta cells. Proinsulin is different from insulin because it serves as a precursor hormone to insulin.

Question.17. Where would you expect more species biodiversity in tropics or in polar region ? Give reasons in support of your answer.
Answer : High species or biodiversity lies in tropical areas because tropics are :
(i) Undistributed habitats since millions of year in comparison to temperate and polar region which face frequent glaciation. It favours speciation, as speciation is product of time.
(ii) Less seasonal variation than polar areas.
(iii) High availability of solar radiatipns than polar area, which harbours more plant species.

Question.18. “It is possible that a species may occupy more than one trophic level in the same ecosystem at the same time.” Explain with the help of one example.
Answer : Yes, as the trophic level of a species represents the functional role of organism in energy flow which is determined by the food intake. The availability of food is depends on what the organism want to eat, so have more than one trophic level at a time.
Ex. Sparrow is a Primary consumer, when eating seeds where as Secondary consumer, when eating insects.

SECTION-C

Question.19. Explain the steps in the formation of an ovum from an oogonium in humans.
Answer : The steps in the formation of an ovum from an oogonium in humans involves in oogenesis process. It can be divided into three stages :
(a) Multiplication phase (b) Growth phase
(c) Maturation phase
(a) Multiplication phase : In this stage primordial germ cells or ovum mother cells are repeatedly divided by mitosis to form large number of diploid oogonia. This process completes in embryo stage of female in most higher animals.
(b) Growth phase : In this process oogonia grow in size and form primary oocytes. The growth phase is the longest phase oogenesis (except humans). During growth phase size of egg increases many times.
(c) Maturation phase : Oogenesis takes place in the ovaries. In contrast to males the initial steps in egg production occur prior to birth. By the time the foetus is 25 weeks old, all the oogonia that she will ever produce, are already formed by mitosis. Hundreds of these diploid cells develop into primary oocytes, begin the first steps of the first meiotic division, proceed up to diakinesis, and then stop any further development. The oocytes grows much larger and complete the meiosis I, forming a large secondary oocyte and a small polar body that receives very little amount of cytoplasm but one full set of chromosomes.

OR
Suggest and explain any three Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) to an infertile couple.
Answer : Three assisted reproductive technologies (ART) to an infertile couple are :
(i) In vitro fertilisation (IVF-fertilisation outside the body in almost similar conditions as that in the body) followed by embryo transfer (ET) is one of such methods. In this method, popularly known as,, test tube baby programme, ova from the wife/donor (female) and sperms from the husband/donor (male) are collected and are induced to form zygote under simulated conditions-in the laboratory. The zygote or early embryos (with upto 8. blastomeres) could then be transferred into the fallopian tube (ZIFT- zygote intra fallopian transfer) and embryos with more than 8 blastomeres, into the uterus (IUT —intra uterine transfer), to complete its further development.
(ii) Embryos formed by in-vivo fertilization (fusion of gametes within the female) also could be used for such transfer to assist those females who cannot conceive. Transfer of an ovum collected from a donor into the fallopian tube (GIFT – gamete infra fallopian transfer) of another female who cannot produce one, but can provide suitable environment for fertilisation and further development is another method attempted.
(iii) Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is another ‘ specialised procedure to form an embryo in the laboratory in which a sperm is directly injected into the ovum.
Infertility cases either due to inability of the male partner to inseminate the female or due to very low sperm counts in the ejaculates, could be corrected by Artificial Insemination (AI) technique. In this technique, the semen collected either from the husband or a healthy donor is artificially introduced either into the vagina or into the uterus (IUI-Intrauterine Insemination) of the female.

Question.20. Why a human females are rarely haemophilic ? Explain. How do haemophilic patients suffer ?
Answer : Haemophilia is sex linked recessive disease; it is transmitted from unaffected female carrier to a male child with haemophilia. Y has no allele for this. If male inherits Xh from the mother, he will be haemophilic (with the genotype XhY). If female inherits XhXh, one from the carrier tnother and one from her haemophilic father, then she can be haemophilic. Simple cut will results to increased bleeding time in haemophilie patients.

Question.21. In a maternity clinic, for some reasons the authorities are not able to hand over the two new-borns to their respective real parents. Name and describe the technique that you would suggest to sort out the matter.
Answer: DNA Fingerprinting or DNA test is the technique that suggested to describe the parental identification of these two new born babies in a maternity clinic.
The procedure of finger printing is as follows :
(i) Isolation of DNA,
(ii) Digestion of DNA by restriction endonucleases,
(iii) Separation of DNA fragments by electrophoresis,
(iv) Transferring (blotting) of separated DNA fragments to synthetic membranes, such as nitrocellulose or nylon,
(v) Hybridisation using labelled VNTR probe, and
(vi) Detection of hybridised DNA fragments by autoradio-graphy. Half of the band of child will resemble to father and half to mother.

Question.22. Explain the increase in the number of melanic (dark winged) moths in the urban areas of post – industrialisation period in England.
Answer: In England, before industrial revolution the environ-ment was unpolluted. The white-winged moths were more and lichens on the barks of trees were pale. The white-winged moths could easily camouflage, while the dark winged were spotted out by the birds for food. Hence, they could not * survive. After industrial revolution the lichens became dark (due to soot-deposit). This favoured the dark-winged moths while the white-winged were picked by birds. The population of the former which was naturally selected increased.

Question.23. Describe how biogas is generated from activated sludge. List the components of biogas.
Answer : Biogas .can be produced by anaerobic digestion or fermentation of biodegradable materials. Bio wastes are collected and slurry of dung is mixed, a floating cover is placed over the slurry. The slurry having gas outlet is placed which keeps on rising as the gas is produced in the tank due to microbial activity of methanogens like Methanobacterium. Anaerobic fermentation of waste biomass can be visualized in three stages:
(i) The facultative anaerobic microbes degrade the complex polymers to simple monomers by enzymatic action. The Polymer like cellulose, hemicellulose, proteins and lipids get degraded into monomers but lignins and inorganic salts are left as residue because they do not degrade.
(ii) In second stage, monomers are converted in to organic acids by microbial action under partially aerobic conditions which are finally converted to acetic acid.
(iii) In third stage acetic acid is oxidized in to methane by the activity of anaerobic methanogenic bacteria. These bacteria are commonly found in the anaerobic sludge during sewage treatment. In this whole process digestion of cellulose takes place at very slow rate so that it is the “rate limiting factor in biogas production.”

Question.24. Name the pest that destroys the cotton balls. Explain the role of Bacillus thuringiensis in protecting the cotton crop against the pest to increase the yield.
Answer : Cotton ballworm is die pest that destroy the cotton balls. Bt toxin protein is produced by a soil bacterium called Bacillus thuringiensis in inactive prototoxin and crystalline form. The prototoxin form does not kill the bacteria. It becomes active and toxic when it is consumed by insects such as lepidopterans (armyworm), coleopterans (beetles) and dipterans (flies/ mosquitoes) due to presence of alkaline pH in the gut. The activated toxin (delta endotoxins) binds to the epithelial cells in the midgut of an insect and creates pores that cause lyses and swelling, eventually killing the insect.

Question.25. (a) Write the importance of measuring the size of a population in a habitat or an ecosystem.
(b) Explain with the help of an example how the percentage cover is a more meaningful measure of population size than more numbers.
Answer : (a) The importance of measuring the size of a population cover is more meaningful measure of population size than numbers. The size of the population tell us alot about its status in the habitat.
(b) Percentage cover is more meaningful measure of popula-tion size than more numbers because the’ relative abundance of a species is not only determined by number of individual w but by both i. e., the relative abundance in number and relative abundance in biomass.
Ex. In unit area the number of a grass species individuals or relative abundance in number is high but not in relative abundance of biomass. If the same area has one or two ficus benghalensis (Bargad) tree as it is very low in relative abundance in number while high in relative abundance of biomass.

Question.26. Differentiate between two different types of pyramids of biomass with the help of example of each.
Answer : Difference between two types of-pyramids of biomass:
Pyramid of Biomass is graphic representation of amount of biomass per unit area in the trophic levels with producers at the base & top carnivore at the apex. Biomass is maximum in producers. Only 10% of biomass is passed to next level. This is in accordance to the 10% law by Lindeman, (1942). Thus,.the biomass at higher trophic levels become smaller and smaller.
The pyramid of biomass is upright in grassland ecosystem.

For an aquatic system, the pyramid of biomass may be inverted or spindle-shaped. This is because the diatoms & other phytoplankton have a small standing crop, but they have a high annual productivity & high turn over rate. The reason or small standing crop is their short life span.

Question.27. (a) Describe the endosperm development in coconut.
(b) Why is tender coconut considered a healthy source of nutrition ?
(c) How are pea seeds different from castor seeds with respect to endosperm ?
Answer : Endosperm is ,a nutritive triploid tissue formed from mitotic divisions in primary endosperm nucleus (PEN). The cells of this tissue are filled with reserve food material & are used for the nutrition of the developing embryo.
In cococut, the type of endosperm formed is cellular endosperm, For this, the PEN divides many times and each division is followed by wall formation.

SECTION – D

Question.28 (a) Draw a L.S. of a pistil showing pollen tube entering the embryo-sac in an angiosperm and level any six parts other than stigma, style and ovary.
(b) Write the changes a fertilized ovule undergoes within the ovary in an angiosperm plant.
OR
(a) Draw a diagrammatic sectional view of a human seminiferous tubules and label sertoli cells, primary spermatocyte, spermatogonium and spermatozoa in it.
Answer: (a)

(b) Fertilised ovule forms seed which contains embryonic plant, reserve food and protective coat. A seed contains/ consists of two parts—seed contains/consists
(i) Seed Coat: It is the outer covering of the seed, functioning as a protective coat. It is formed from the integuments of the ovule, which hardens after fertilisation. The outer seed coat is called Testa & is formed from outer integument. The inner seed coat is called Tegumen is formed from inner integument. The micropyle remains as a small pore in the seed coat. It helps in the entry of oxygen & H20 into the seed during germination. Above the micropyle, hilum is visible as a depression, being remanant of the attachment point.

(ii) Embryo : The embryo is made up of embryonal axis Cotyledon/s and endosperm. Embryonal axis is the central axis, also called ‘Tigellum. One end of Tigellum bears Radicle (future root) & the other end bears plumule (future shoot). Cotyledon is present at the node of embryo axis. It is a fleshy structure, used for storage of food. Endosperm is the nutritive layer. Present inside the seed coat providing nutrition to growing embryo.

OR
(a) Spermatogenesis is under the control of endocrine hormones.

(i) Hypothalamus produces Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH).
(ii) GnRH acts on anterior pituitary to produce gonadotropins,
ICSH (Interstitial Cell stimulating Hormone) & FSH. * ICSH acts on interstitial or leydig cells which produce testosterone.
(iii) FSH stimulates sertoli cells to develop ABP (Androgen Binding Protein) which help in concentrating testosteron in seminiferous tubules.
(iv) Excess testosterone inhibits LH/ICSH production by anterior pituitary & subsequendy GriRH production by Hypothalamus.
(v) Sertoli cells also produce a glycoprotein called Inhibition which suppresses FSH synthesis by anterior pituitary and GnRH by Hypothalamus.
This is called Negative Feedback control for release of testosterone.

Question.29. (a) Write the conclusion drawn by Griffith at the end of his experiment with streptococcus pneumonia.
(b) How did O. Avery, C. MacLeod and M. McCarty prove the DNA was the genetic material ?
Answer : (a) Griffith transformation experiment : Griffith performed his experiment in 1928 on Streptococcus pneumoneae bacteria which cause pneumonia in mice.
He used two strains of bacteria.
(i) Rough strain : Non capsulate non-virulent rough colonies on culture media.
(ii) Smooth strain : Capsulated virulent form smooth colonies on media.
Experiment: (i) Mice + Smooth strain bacteria —> Dead mice.
(ii) Mice + Rough strain bacteria —> Living mice.
(iii) Mice + Heat killed bacteria + Rough bacteria —> Dead Bacteria.
On the basis of third experiment he proposed that rough bacteria absorb some heat stable material from dead smooth bacteria and transformed into smooth bacteria which killed the mice.
(b) O Avery, C. Macleod and M. McCarty prove the DNA was the genetic material by purifying biochemicals (proteins, DNA, RNA etc.) from the heat-killed S cells to see which ones could transform live R cells into S cells. They discovered that DNA alone from S bacteria caused R bacteria to become transformed. They also discovered that protein – digesting enzymes (proteases) and RNA – digesting enzymes (RNases) did not affect transformation, so the transforming substance was not a protein or RNA Digestion with DNase did inhibit transformation, suggesting that the DNA caused the transformation. They concluded that DNA is the hereditary material.
OR
(a) Explain the mechanism of sex-determination in humans.
(b) Differentiate between male heterogamety and female heterogamety with the help of an example of each.
Answer : (a) Sex determination in humans :
(i) The males have 22 pairs autosomes and A pair of XY-
chromosome.
(ii) The females have 22 pairs autosomes and a pair of XX- chrornosomes
(iii) In male, 50% of sperms carry X- chromosome and other 50% carry Y – chromosomes.
(iv) In females, all ova contains X-chromosomes.
(v) The sex of an individual is determined by the type of sperm fertilizing the ovum.
(vi) If the ovum is fertilized by Y-chromosome, the zygote (XY) develops info a male and if the ovum in fertilized by X-chromosome, Zygote (XX) develops into a female.

(b) There are two types of sex determining mechanisms, i.e., XO type and XY type. But in both cases males produce two different types of gametes,
(i) Either with or without X-chromosome or,
(ii) Some gametes with X-chromosome and some with Y-chromosome.
Such types of sex determination mechanism is designated to be an example of male heterogamety. In some other organisms, e.g., birds a different mechanism of sex determination is observed. In this case the total number of chromosome is same in both males and females. But two . different types of gametes in terms of the sex chromosomes, are produced by females, i.e., female heterogamety. The two different sex chromosomes of a female bird has been designated to be the Z and W chromosomes. In these organisms the females have one Z and one W chromosome, ‘ whereas males have a pair of Z-chromosomes besides the autosomes.

Question.30. A person in your colony has recently been diagnosed with AIDS. People/Residents in the colony want him to leave the colony for the fear spread of AIDS.
(a) Write your views on the situation, living reasons.
(b) List the possible preventive measures that you would suggest to the residents of your locality in a meeting organized by you so that they understand the situation.
(c) Write the symptoms and the causative agent of AIDS.
Answer: (a) AIDS is infectious but not contagious it does not spread by shaking hand and use of common utensils so there is no need of fear to live with AIDS patient.
(b) Making blood (from blood banks) safe from HIV, ensuring the use of only disposable needles and syringes in public and private hospitals and clinics, free distribution of condoms, controlling drug abuse, advocating safe sex and promoting regular check-ups for HIV in susceptible populations, are some such steps taken up.
(c) Symptoms and the causative agent of AIDS :
AIDS is caused by the Human Immuno Deficiency Virus (HIV), a member of a group of viruses called retrovirus, which have an envelope enclosing the RNA genome. These target the T lymphocytes, due to which the person starts suffering from infections that could have been otherwise overcome such as those due to bacteria especially Mycobacterium, viruses, fungi and even parasites like Toxoplasma. The patient becomes so immuno-deficient that he/she is unable to protect himself/herself against these infections.

SET-II

SECTION-A

Question.3. Write the basis on which an organism occupies a space in its community/natural surroundings.
Answer: It is based on the feeding relationships of that organism with other organisms and source of their nutrition or food.

SECTION-B

Question.8. Name an algae that reproduces asexually through zoospores. Why are these reproductive units so called.
Answer : Algae that reproduces asexually .through zoospores is “Chlamydomonas”. They are microscopic and motile, due to flagella so known as zoospores.

SECTION-C 

Question.12. “Stability of a community depends on its species richness”. Write how did David Tilman show this experimentally.
Answer : (i) David Tilman s long term ecosystem experiment – shows that plots with more species show less year-to-year variation in total biomass.
(ii) He also showed in his experiment that, increased diversity contributed to higher productivity.

Question.14. Name the haploid cells present in an unfertilized mature embryosac of a flowering plant. Vfite the total number of cells in it.
Answer : In an unfertilized mature embryo sac of a flowering
k plant 6 haploid cells are present, three antipodal cells, two synergids and one egg cell.

Question.15. In a typical monohybrid cross the F2-population ratio is written as 3 : 1 for phenotype but expressed as 1 : 2 : 1 for genotype. Explain with the help of an example.
Answer:

Genotype 1 : 2 : 1- One is homozygous dominant and 2 are heterozygous but dominant and one is homozygous recessive .

Question.16.Mention the contribution of S. L. Miller’s experiment on Origin of Life.
Answer : Miller carried out the experiment as a proof of oparin-Haldane hypothesis. The experiment was as follows :
(i) Miller sealed a minture of water vapour (H20), NH3, CH4 8H2 in a spark chamber, which was provided with electrodes to provide electrical discharges.
(ii) The electrical sparks were of 75,000 volts and the ratio of CH4 : NH3 : H2 as 2 : 1 : 2 and water vapour at 800°C.
(iii) The spark chamber was connected to another falsk with arrangement for boiling H20 for evaporation.
(iv) The other end of spark chamber was connected to a condenser for condensation and collection of equeous solution.
(v) A trap was connected with flask for boiling HzO.
(vi) The apparatus was a controlled one, without any energy source.
(vii) After 18 days, he analysed the products after cooling (hem and proposed that HGN was formed from methane and NH3 and reacted with other compounds of gas to born amino acids like Alanine, Glycine and As partic Acid.
He gare the conclusion that similar synthesis could have occured in the prinitire atmsopheric condition.

Question.20. (a) Explain “birth rate” in a population by taking a suitable example.
(b) Write the other two chlracteristics which only a population shows but an individual cannot.
Answer : (a) It is the average number of new individuals added per unit population per year due to births, hatchings and germinations. If in a pool there were 20 lotus plants last year and plants reproduced and gave rise to 8 new plants, the total population is now 28. Birth rate will be equal to 8/20=0.4 offspring per lotus per year (b) (i) Death rate : per capita death
(ii) Sex Ratio : An individual is either a male or female, but a population has a sex ratio, e.g. 60% of the population of females and 40% of males.

SECTION-D

Question.25. A burglar in a huff forgot to wipe off his blood – stains from the place of crime where he was involved in a theft. Name the technique which can help in identifying the burglar from the blood stains. Describe the technique.
Answer: The technique which help in identifying the burglar from the blood stain is DNA fingerprinting. The procedure of DNA fingerprinting is as follows :
(i) Isolation of DNA : Isolation of DNA from the blood stain .
(ii) Cutting, sizing, and sorting : Special enzymes called restriction enzymes are used to cut the DNA at specific places. The DNA pieces are sorted according to size by a sieving technique called electrophoresis. This technique is the biotechnology equivalent of screening sand through progressively finer mesh screens to determine particle sizes. The DNA fragments contain VNTRs (Variable Nun her of Tandem Repeats)
(iii) Transfer of DNA to nylon : The distribution of DNA pieces is transferred to a nylon sheet by placing the sheet on the gel and soaking them overnight.
(iv) Probing : Adding radioactive or coloured probes to the nylon sheet produces a pattern called the DNA fingerprint. Each probe typically sticks in only one or two specific places on the nylon sheet.
(v) Radiograph : The -final DNA fingerprint is built by using several probes (5-10 or more) simultaneously. These places are marked as dark bands when X-ray film is developed. This process is called auto radiography.

Question.28. (a) Write the specific features of the genetic code AUG.
(b) Genetic codes can be universal and degenerative. Write about them, giving one example of each.
(c) Explain aminoacylation of tRNA.
Answer: (a) Features of the genetic code AUG are as follows:
(i) AUG has dual function.
(ii) AUG codes for Methionine and acts a initiator codon.
(b) (i) Universal: From bacteria to human UUU would code for Phenylalanine. Some exceptions are there in mitochondrial codons and in some protozoans.
(ii) Degenerate : Some amino acids are coded by more than one codon. E.g. Phenylalanine is coded by UUU and UUC.
(c) Aminoacylation of tRNA : (i) In the presence of enzyme Amino-acyl-tRNA synthetase from DHU loop of tRNA, specific amino acid binds with ATP.

(ii) The AA-AMP-E complex formed in first step reacts with specific tRNA. Thus, amino acid is transferred to tRNA. The enzyme & AMP are then released.

OR
(a) Differentiate between dominance and co-dominance.
(b) Explain co-dominance taking an example of human blood groups in population.
Answer:


(b) In humans, the ABO blood groups are controlled by a gene called gene ‘I’. It has three alleles IA, IBand i Hence, referred to as multiple allelism. A person possesses any two of the three alleles. IA and IB dominate over i. But with each other, IAand IB are co-dominant.

SET-III

SECTION-A

Question.1. What is detritus food chain made up of ? How do they meet their energy and nutritional requirements ?
Answer : Detritus food chain made up of decomposers which are heterotrophic organisms, mainly fungi and bacteria. They get energy and nutrients by decomposing dead organic matter or detritus.

Question.3. Name the phenomenon and one bird where the female gamete directly develops into a new organism.
Answer : Phenomenon : Parthenogenesis Bird : Turkey

SECTION-B

Question.10. What is meant by “alien species” invasion ? Name one plant one animal alien species that are a threat to our Indian species.
Answer : An alien species whose introduction does or is likely to pose threat to the survival of many native species and cause their extinction.
Plants ; Parthenium, Lantana, Eicchomia Animal: African catfish, Clarias gariepinus

SECTION-C

Question.14. Work out a cross to find the genotype of a tall pea plant. Name the type of cross.
Answer : (i) Test cross is used to find out the genotype of any trait. In this cross F hybrid of pure tall plant and a pure dwarf plant is crossed with a dwarf plant, e.g., Tt x tt Plants of F, Tt (Tall) x tt (Recessive)

The progeny consists of tall and dwarf plants in the ratio of 1:1
(ii) If the dominant plant are homozygous i.e. TT, then the progeny will have all tall plants :

Question.15. Write the Oparin and Haldanes hypothesis about the origin of life on earth. How does meteorite analysis favour this hypothesis.
Answer : Oparin-Haldane Hypothesis : Alexander I Oparin (1894-1980) a Russian biochemist &J.B.S. Haldane (1892-,1964), a British Scientist, put forward the concept that the first living organism evolved from non-living material. According to Oparin & Haldane (1929). Spontaneous generation of early molecules might have taken place through a series of chemical reactions from the earth’s primordial soup in a reducing atmosphere. The compounds of soup could be expected to react with one another producing a variety of chemical substances like amino acids, sugars, N2 bases. These precursor molecules then combined resulting in the appearance of proteins, polysacharides & nucleic acids. Energy required for these reactions was provided by UV radiations, cosmic rays, electric discharges etc.

Question.19 (i) Explain DNA polymorphism as the basis of genetic mapping of human genome.
(ii) State the role of VNTR in DNA fingerprinting.
Answer : (i) Polymorphism (variation at genetic level) are tlie result of mutation. Variation in allele sequence is DNA
polymorphism i.e., if more than one variant (allele) at a locus occurs in human population with a frequency greater than 0.01. In other term we can say that if an inheritable mutation is observed in a population at high frequency, it is referred as DNA polymorphism. There is a variety of different types of polymorphism ranging from single nucleotide change to very large scale changes. For evolution and specification, such polymorphism are important. DNA polymorphism is also used in genetic and physical maps on the human genome. In genetic mapping, information on polymorphism of restriction endonuclease recognition sites are used.
(ii) Role of VNTR in DNA Finger printing : Radiolabelled VNTR (Variable Number of Tandem Repeat) is used as a probe in DNA finger printing. A tandem repeat is a short sequence of DNA that is repeated in a head-to-tail fashion at a specific chromosomal locus. Tandem repeats are interspersed throughout the human genome. Some sequences are found at only one site – a single locus – in the human genome. For many tandem repeats, the number of repeated units vary between individuals. Such loci are termed VNTRs.

SECTION-D

Question.30. How does the process of natural selection affect Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium ? Explain. List other four factors that disturb the equilibrium.
Answer : Population or Mendelian population is a group of individuals present in ageographical area which share acommon pool. Gene frequency is the percentage of an allele in relation to the total alleles of a gene in an interbreeding population. All the genes & their alleles together constitute gene pool. Normally the alleles tend to maintain an equilibrium with reference to one another over the generations. It is referred as genetic equilibrium. Such a population is referred as non¬evolving populaiton. G.H. Harady & withelm weinberg proposed a principle independently in 1908, about the genetic structure of a non-evolving population. It is known as Hardy-weinberg equilibrium. The allelic frequencies in non-evolving population are stable and remain constant from generation to generation.
The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium can change by process of natural selection. Natural or survival of the fittest is a major factor that adds variation in the population, change the gene frequies of the gene pool leading to evolution & formation of a new distinctive gene pool. It operates through differential or non-random reproduction. If same type of selection continues for a few generation; the gene popl will undergo change the alleles having the advanage of surviving. Thus it leads to change of gene pool.
OR
(a) Explain Mendel’s Law of independent assortment by taking a suitable example.
(b) How did Morgan show the deviation in inheritance pattern in Drosophila with respect to this law.
Answer : (a) Dihybrid cross is based on Law of Independent Assortment. This law states that when two pairs of traits are combined in a hybrid, segregation of one pair of characters is independent of the other pair of characters.
The image shows a true-breeding plant with the dominant traits of green pod colour (GG) and yellow seed colour (YY) being cross-pollinated with a true-breeding plant with yellow pod colour (gg) and green seeds (yy). The resulting offspring are all heterozygous for green pod colour and yellow seeds (GgYy). If the offspring are allowed to self pollinate, a 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 ratio will be seen in the next generation. About 9 plants will have green pods and yellow seeds, 3 will have green pods and green seeds, 3 will have yellow pods and yellow seeds and 1 will have a yellow pod and green seeds.

(b) Morgan and his group observed that when the two genes in a dihybrid cross were located on the same chromosome, the proportion of parental gene combinations in the progeny were much higher than the non-parental or new combinations -(recombinants) of genes.

CBSE Previous Year Solved  Papers  Class 12 Computer Science Outside Delhi 2016

Time allowed : 3 hours                                                                                           Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions :

1.  There are a total of 26 questions and five sections in the question paper, All questions are compulsory.
2. Section A contains question number 1 to 5, Very Short Answer type questions of one mark each.
3.  Section B contains question number 6 to 10, Short Answer type I questions of two marks each.
4.  Section C contains question number 11 to 22, Short Answer type II questions of three marks each.
5.  Section D contains question number 23, Value Based Question of four marks.
6. Section E contains question number 24 to 26, Long Answer type questions of five marks each.
7. There is no overall choice in the question paper, however, an internal choice is provided in one question of two marks, one question of three marks and all three questions of five marks. An examined is to attempt any one of the questions out of two given in the question paper with the same question number.

SET-I

SECTION-A

Question.1. (a) Out of following, find those identifiers, which cannot be used for naming Variables, Constants or Functions in a C++ program :
Total*Tax, double, case, My name, New, switch, Column 31,_Amount .
(b) Ronica Jose has started learning C++ and has typed the
following program. When she compiled the following code written by her, she discovered that she needs to include some header files to successfully compile and execute it. Write the names of those header files, which are required to be included in the code.

(c) Rewrite the following C++ code after removing any/all syntactical errors with each correction underlined.
Note : Assume all required header files are already being included in the program.

(d) Find and write the output of the following C++ program code:
Note : Assume all required header files are already included in the program.


(e) Find and Write the output of the following C++ program code:
Note : Assume all required header files are already being included in the program,



(f) Look at the following C++ code and find the possible output(s) from the options (i) to (iv) following it. Also, write the maximum and the minimum values that can be assigned to the variable PICKER.
Note : Assume all the required header files are already being included in the code.
The function random (n) generates an integer between 0 and n-1.

Question.2. (a) Write any four important characteristics of Object Oriented Programming ? Give example of any one of the characteristics using C++.
(b)Observe the following C++ code and answer the questions (i) and (ii). Assume all necessary files are included :



(i) Which specific concept of object oriented programming out of the following illustrated by Member Function 1 and Member Function 2 combined together ? [1]
• Data Encapsulation
• Polymorphism
• Inheritance
• Data Hiding
(ii)How many times the message “Book Discarded!” will be displayed after executing the above C++ code? Out of line 1 to Line 9, which line is responsible to display the message “Book Discarded!”
(c) Write the definition of a class CITY in C++ with following description:

(d) Answer the questions (i) to (iv) based on the following :


(i) Which type of Inheritance out of the following is illustrated in the above example ?
– Single Level Inheritance
– Multi Level Inheritance
– Multiple Inheritance
(ii) Write the names of all the data members, which are directly accessible from the member functions of class SALEPOINT.
(iii) Write the names of all the member functions, which are directly accessible by an object of class SALEPOINT.
(iv) What will be order of execution of the constructors, when an objects of class SALEPOINT is declared?
Answer : (a) Four characteristics of Object Oriented Programming are :
(a) Encapsulation
(b) Abstraction
(c) Inheritance
(d) Polymorphism Examples:


In the above program, by declaring the class we are using the concept of encapsulation and in the main method while calling the functions using the object of the class is abstraction.
(b) (i) Polymorphism
(ii) 2 times, once for each object when the destructor will be invoked

Question.3. (a) Write the definition of a function Fix Salary (float Salary [ ], int N) in C++, which should modify each element of the array Salary having N elements, as per the following in the memory along the row with each of its element rules :

(b) R[ 10] [50] is a two dimensional array, which is stored occupying 8 bytes, find the address of the element R[5] [15], if the element R[8][10] is stored at the memory location 45,000.
(c) Write the definition of a member function DELETE () for a class QUEUE in C++, to remove a product from a dynamically allocated Queue of products considering the following code is already written as a written as a part of the program.

(d) Write definition for a function DISPMID (int A[ ] [5], int R, int C) in C++ to display the elements of middle row and middle column from a two dimensional array A having R number of rows and C number of columns. For example, if the content of array is as follows :

The function should display the following as output:
103 901 921 802 601 ‘
516 921 609
(e) Convert the following Infix expression to its equivalent Post fix expression, showing the stack contents for each step of conversion.
P/(Q-R)*S+T

Question.4. (a) Write function definition of DISP3CHAR( ) in C++ to read the content of a text file KIDINME.TXT, and display all those words, which has three characters in it. Example:
If the content of the file KIDINME.TXT is as follows :

(b) Write a definition for function ONOFFER() in C++ to read each object of a binary file TOYS.DAY, find and display details of those toys, which has status as “ON OFFER”. Assume that the file TOYS.DAT is created with the help of objects of class, TOYS, which is defined below:

(c) Find the output of the following C++ code considering that the binary file CLIENT. DAT exists on the hard disk with a data of 1000 clients.

SECTION-B
(Only For Candidates, Who Opted for Python)

Question.1. (a) Out of the following, find those identifiers, which cannot be used for naming Variables or Functions in a Python program:
Total*Tax, While, class, switch,
3rd Row, finally, Column 31,_Total
(b) Name the Python Library modules which need to be
imported to invoke the following functions. [1]
(i) sqrt ()
(ii) dump ()
(c) Rewrite the following code in Python after removing all syntax error(s).
Underline each correction done in the code.
for Name in [Ramesh, Suraj, Priya]
IF Name [0] = ‘S’ :
Print (Name)
(d) Find and write the output of the following Python code :

(e) Find and write the output of the following Python code :


(f) What are the possible Outcome, (s) executed from the following code ? Also specify the maximum and minimum values that can be assigned to variable PICKER.

Question.2. (a) What is the difference between Multilevel and Multiple inheritance ? Give suitable examples to illustrate both.
(b)What will be the output of the following Python code considering the following set of inputs ?


(c) Write a Class CITY in Python with following specifications.

(d) How do we implement abstract method in Python ? Give an example for the same.
(e) What is the significance of super () method ? Give and example for the same.
Answer : (a) Difference between Multi level and multiple inheritance
• In Multiple Inheritance we can inherit more than one class in the same class where as in Multi-Level Inheritance one class can inherit only one base class and the derived class can become base class of some other class

(b) Enter a number : AMAR
Re-enter an integer 2
Enter a number : THREE
Re-enter an integer 4
Enter a number: A123
Enter a number : 1200
try part is used to execute the statement and try to read an integer value and except part is executing every time when the program is reading a non-integer value and redirecting to the beginning of the loop.

Question.3. (a) What will be the status of the following list after the ‘ First, Second and Third pass of the selection sort method used for arranging the following elements in descending order ?
Note : Show the status of all the elements after each pass very clearly underlining the changes.
12, 14, -54, 64, 90, 24
(b)For a given list of values in descending order, write a L method in Python to search for a value with the help of Binary search method. The method should return position of the value and should return —1 if the value ; not present in the list.
(c) Write Insert (City) and Delete (City) methods in Python to add City and Remove City considering them to act as Insert and Delete operations of the data structure Queue. 
(d) Write a method in Python to find and display the prime numbers between 2 to N. Pass N as argument to the method.
(e) Evaluate the following post fix notation of expression. Show status of stack after every operation.
12, 2, /, 34, 20, -, +, 5, +

Question.4. (a) Write a statement in Python to perform the following operations:
• To open a text file “MYPET.TXT” in write mode
• To open a text file “MYPET.TXT” in read mode
(b) Write a method in Python to write multiple line of text contents into a text file daynote.txt line.
(c) Consider the following definition of class Employee, write a method in Python to search and display the content in a pickled file emp.dat, where Empno is matching with
‘A0005’.

SECTION-C
[For all the candidates]

Question.5. (a) Observe the following PARTICIPANTS and EVENTS’ tables carefully and write the name of the RDBMS operations which will be used to produce the output as shown in RESULT ? Also, find the Degree and Cardinality of the result.

(b) Write SQL queries for (i) to (iv) and find outputs for SQL queries (v) to (viii), which are based on the tables.


Note : • Km is Kilometers travelled
• NOP is number of passengers travelled in vehicle
(i) To display CNO, CNAME, TRAVELDATE from the table TRAVEL in descending order of CNO.
(ii) To display the CNAME of all the customers from the table TRAVEL who are traveling by vehicle with code V01 orV02.
(iii) To display the CNO and CNAME of those customers
from the table TRAVEL who travelled between ‘2015-12-31’ and ‘2015-05-01’. .
(iv) To display all the details from table TRAVEL for the customers, who have travel distance more than 120 KM in ascending order of NOP.
(v) Select Count (*), Vcode From Travel Group By Vcode Having Count (*)>1;
(vi) Select Distinct Vcode From Travel;
(vii) select a.vcode, cname, vehicletype from travel a, vehicle b
where a.vcode=b.vcode and km<90;
(viii) Select Cname, Km* Perkm From Travel A, Vehicle B Where A. Vcode=B.Vcode And A. Vcode = ‘V05′;

Question.6. (a) Verify the following using Boolean Laws.
X’ + Y Z = X’. Y’.Z’ + X’. Y.Z’ + X’ Y. Z + X’. Y’.Z + X. Y’.Z
(b) Write the Boolean Expression for the result of the Logic Circuit as shown below:

(c) Derive a Canonical SOP expression for a Boolean function G, represented by the following truth table :

(d) Reduce the following Boolean Expression to its simplest form using K-Map :

Question.7. (a) Differentiate between PAN and LAN types of networks.
(b) Which protocol helps us to transfer files to and from a remote computer ?
(c) Write two advantages of 3G over 2G Mobile Telecommunication Technologies in terms of speed and services ?
(d) Write two characteristics of Web 2.0.
(e) What is the basic difference between Computer Worm and Trojan Horse ?
(f) Categorise the following under Client side and Server Side script category ?
(i) Java Script
(ii) ASP
(iii) VB Script
(iv) JSP
(g) Intelligent Hub India is a knowledge Community aimed to uplift the standard of skills and knowledge in the society. It is planning to set up its training centres in multiple towns and villages pan India with its head offices in the nearest cities. They have created a model of their network with a city, a town and 3 villages as follows.
As a network consultant, you have to suggest the best network related solutions for their issues/problems raised in (i) to (iv), keeping in mind the distances between various locations and other given parameters.


Note : In villages, there are community centres, in which one room has been given training center to this organization to install computers.
The organization has got financial support from the government and top IT companies.
(i) Suggest the most appropriate location of the SERVER in the YHUB (out of the 4 locations), to get the best and effective connectivity. Justify your answer.
(ii) Suggest the best wired medium and draw the cable layout (location to location) to efficiently connect various locations with the YHUB.
(iii) Which hardware device will you suggest to connect all the computers within each location of YHUB?
(iv) Which service/protocol will be most helpful to conduct live interactions of Experts from Head office and people at YHUB locations ?
Answer : (a) PAN or Personal Area Network is limited to few meters where a desktop is connected with a Laptop or Mobile phone or Tab etc for personal use where as LAN or Local Area Network is spread within a building connecting all the computers and other peripherals through cables.
(b) FTP – File Transfer Protocol ‘
(c) Advantages of 3G over 2G Mobile Telecommunications are :
(i) Very high speed network
(ii) Customer will get wireless broadband
(iii) Customer can see video or satellite based programs
(iv) All the facilities can be used at same time
(d) Two characteristics of Web 2.0
(i) Folksonomy : Traditional Web like Yahoo and DMOZ uses a pre-defined classification of information like category and sub category on the other hand Web 2.0 without sticking to the existing framework of classification allows user to create free arrangement of information.
(ii) Rich User experience : Traditional web built with HTML and CSS, CGI and had been offered as a static page on the other hand Web 2.0 uses AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript + XML) presenting dynamic and rich user experience to the users.
(e) Basic difference between Computer Worm and Trojan Horse is there in their functionality. Worm is a kind of program that replicate itself from one system other another without any aid of host file where as Trojan Horse a program that claims to be something useful but actually harmful to the system and also transfer the systems secret to the sender.
(f) (i) Java Script – Server side script
(ii) ASP – Client side script
(iii) VB Script – Server side script
(iv) JSP – Client side script
(g) (i) Server must be placed at YTOWN as maximum computers are there thus decreasing the cabling cost and increasing the efficiency of the computers in the network.
(ii) The following structure would be the most economic way to connect all the villages with YTOWN with reasonable high speed fibre optic cables for VILLI and VILL2 and radio wave transmission for V1LL3 to connect to YTOWN.

(iii) Switch would be needed in all the buildings as more than 10 computers are there in the buildings.
(iv) Video conferencing would be the best option.

Lost Spring Important Questions CBSE Class 12 English

Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks, 30-40 words)

Question.1. To which country did Saheb’s parents originally belong? Why did they come to
India? (Compartment 2014)
or
Why did Saheb’s parents leave Dhaka and migrate to India? (Compartment 2014)
or
Why had the ragpickers come to live in Seemapuri? (Foreign 2014)
Answer. Saheb’s parents belonged to Dhaka in Bangladesh, where they lived amidst green fields. They and the other ragpickers left their homes many years ago and migrated to India in search of a livelihood, as their homes and fields were destroyed in storms. This forced them to come to India, where they settled in the slums of Seemapuri.

Question.2. What job did Saheb take up? Was he happy? (All India 2014 Modified)
Answer. Saheb took up work at a tea stall, where he had to perform several odd jobs, including getting milk from the milk booth. He was not happy, as he had lost his independence. Though he earned ? 800, and got all his meals free, he was no longer his own master.

Question.3. In what sense is garbage gold to the ragpickers? (Compartment 2014)
or
Garbage to them is gold; why does the author say so about the ragpickers? (Delhi 2008)
Answer. Garbage is gold to the ragpickers of Seemapuri because it provides them items which can be sold for cash, which can buy them food and is a means of survival. Moreover, it is gold also because the ragpickers can find stray coins and currency notes in it.

Question.4. How is Mukesh different from the other bangle makers of Firozabad? (Delhi 2014; Modified)
Answer. Mukesh has the courage to dream big in spite of all adversity, whereas the other bangle makers of Firozabad have resigned to their fate, and have suppressed all their hopes and desires. Mukesh refuses to follow the ‘God-given lineage’ of bangle making and wants to be a motor mechanic when he grows up.

Question.5. Whom does Anees Jung blame for the sorry plight of the bangle makers?
(Compartment 2014)
Answer. Anees Jung blames the middlemen, the policemen, the lawmakers, the bureaucrats and the politicians for the sorry plight of the bangle makers. These people conspire against and exploit the poor bangle makers. They pay them meagre wages, do not let them form co-operatives, and compel their children to join the same trade at an early age.

Question.6. What is Mukesh’s dream? Do you think he will be able to fulfil his dream? Why? Why
not? (Compartment 2014)
or
What was Mukesh’s dream? In your opinion, did he achieve his dream? (Foreign 2009)
or
Is it possible for Mukesh to realise his dream? Justify your answer. (All India 2009)
Answer. Mukesh’s dream is to become a motor-mechanic. It is no doubt difficult for Mukesh to achieve his dream, as he is torn between his desires and his family tradition, which he cannot escape. Besides, he has to face a number of obstacles in the form of sahukars, middlemen, bureaucrats, law makers, politicians etc. However, his will to work hard, and his strong determination could make him achieve his dream. ‘

Question.7. In spite of despair and disease pervading the lives of the slum children, they are not
devoid of hope. How far do you agree? (Delhi 2013)
Answer. In spite of growing up amidst despair and disease, children who live in the slum have the desire to achieve something big in life, like Mukesh. This shows that they are not devoid of hope. Saheb, a ragpicker, is eager to go to a school and learn. Mukesh, who works in dark, dingy cells making bangles, dreams of becoming a motor mechanic, which is very much against his family traditlbn.

Question.8. Who is Mukesh? What is his dream? (Delhi 2012)
Answer. Mukesh is a child labourer who Works in a glass bangle making factory that is situated in Firozabad. Though Mukesh belongs to a poor family which is engaged in bangle making, he dreams of becoming a motor mechanic when he grows up.

Question.9. Why could the bangle makers not organise themselves into a cooperative? (All India 2012)
Answer. The bangle makers could not organise themselves into a cooperative because they were trapped in the vicious circle of sahukars, middlemen, policemen, up bureaucrats and politicians. If they tried to organise themselves, they would be beaten by up the police and put in jail.

Question.10. Mention any two hazards of working in the bangle industry. (Foreign 2011)
Answer. The glass bangle industry offers a very unhealthy and hazardous environment to the people working in it. They have to work in the glass furnaces with high temperature in dingy cells
without air and light. Workers, including child labourers, lose their eyesight at an early age.
Slogging for long, relentless hours also has adverse effects on their bodies.

Question.11. Why does the author say that the bangle makers are caught in a vicious web?
(All India 2010)
Answer. The bangle makers in Firozabad are exploited at the hands of the Sahukars, middlemen, policemen, law makers, bureaucrats and politicians. They toil day and night, but are not
paid appropriate wages and are steeped in poverty. They cannot form cooperatives for their betterment. Moreover, their children are also compelled to join the same trade at an early age and cannot dare to take up any other profession.

Question.12. Is Saheb happy working at the tea stall? How do you know? (Foreign 2010, All India 2009)
Answer. Saheb is not happy working at the tea stall. He is paid a fixed wage of Rs 800, and also receives all his meals free. But the author notices that his face has lost its carefree look, which makes it evident that he is not happy. He has lost his independence, and is no longer his own master.

Long Answer Type Questions (6 Marks, 120-150 words)

Question.1. Give a brief account of life and activities of the people like Saheb-e-Alam settled in
Seemapuri. (Delhi 2011)
Answer. The author’s acquaintance with Saheb and other barefoot ragpickers introduced her to Seemapuri. It is a slum area located on the periphery of Delhi. The residents of Seemapuri consist of people who left Bangladesh in the 1971 War and are basically refugees. Saheb’s family is among them. The area does not have facilities of sewage, drainage or running water. About 10000 ragpickers live here. Their only means of livelihood is ragpicking, and they treat rags as valuable as gold. These ragpickers have lived here for more than thirty years without any identity. They do not have permits but have ration cards, with which they can get their names on the voter’s list and also buy grains at subsidised rates.

Question.2.’Lost Spring’ explains the grinding poverty and traditions that condemn thousands of
people to a life of abject poverty. Do you agree? Why/Why not? (All India 2011)
Answer. ‘Lost Spring’ is a good narration of grinding poverty and traditions to which thousands of people have succumbed. The story revolves around the pitiable condition of poor children who have been forced to live in slums and work hard in dirty conditions. The story is divided into two parts. The first part tells the writer’s impression about the life of poor ragpickers who have migrated froin Bangladesh, but now have settled in the Seemapuri area of Delhi.
The second part narrates the miserable life of the bangle makers in the town of Firozabad. The stark reality of these families is that in spite of back-breaking hard work that they put in, they cannot have two square meals a day. Besides, they are victims of exploitation by those above them and also suffer the consequences of blind belief in traditions.

Question.3. The bangle makers of Firozabad make beautiful bangles and make everyone happy
but they live and die in squalor. Elaborate. (Delhi 2010)
Answer. Firozabad is the hub of India’s glass-blowing industry where families have spent generations making bangles to adorn married women. The stark reality of these families is that in spite of the back breaking hard work that they put in, they cannot have two square meals a day.
They work in deplorable conditions and many lose their eyesight early. To top it all, they live in unhygienic conditions where there is a lack of basic amenities too.
The sad reality is that the workers cannot organise themselves into a cooperative. They are devoid of all enthusiasm and do not dare to dream of anything better. The fear of the police and lack of leadership among themselves have confined them to a vicious circle of poverty, indifference and greed. Thus, while they bring happiness to everyone’s life, their own life is steeped in poverty and squalor.

Important Questions for Class 12 English

The Tiger King Important Questions CBSE Class 12 English

Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks, 30-40 words)

Question.1.What gave the astrologers the greatest surprise of their life while they were studying
the horoscope of the ten-day old prince? (Foreign 2014)
Answer. When the astrologers were reading the horoscope of the little prince, they were taken by surprise when the ten-day old infant asked about the manner of his death. When the chief astrologer told him that a tiger would be the cause of his death, the baby retorted with arrogance, “Let the tigers beware!”

Question.2.How did the Maharaja please a high ranking officer? (Compartment 2014)
Answer. A high ranking British officer visited the state of Pratibandapuram and sought permission for tiger hunting from the Maharaja. The Maharaja declined his request, but as he did not want to upset the officer, he sent fifty diamond rings to the officer’s wife which cost the king three , lakh rupees.

Question.3.Why did the Maharaja ban tiger hunting in the state? (Delhi 2014)
Answer. As the prince was crowned the king, the astrologer’s prediction regarding his (the king’s) death by a tiger reached his ears. This prompted the Maharaja to kill a tiger but the astrologer informed him that he had to successfully kill hundred tigers to escape the prophecy. Thus, in order to reach that mark, the Maharaja banned tiger hunting in the state except for himself.

Question.4. Why did the Maharaja decide to get married? (Compartment 2014)
or
What is the reason lor the Tiger King’s sudden decision to marry? (Compartment 2014)
Answer. In order to defeat the astrologer’s prophecy, the Maharaja had to kill a hundred tigers. He had already killed seventy tigers and the tiger population in his state neared extinction. For this reason, he wished to marry a girl in the royal family of a state with a rich tiger population, where he would kill the rest of the tigers.

Question.5. Why did the Maharaja double the land tax? (All India 2014)
Answer. The Maharaja had successfully killed ninety-nine tigers but struggled hard to find the hundredth tiger. Once, there came a news of a tiger being spotted at a hillside village but it turned out to be untrue. This infuriated the Maharaja, who ordered the dewan to double the land tax in order to punish the villagers for the false news.

Question.6. How did the Tiger King become the victim of the hundredth tiger? (Foreign 2014)
or
How did the Tiger King meet his end? What is ironical about his fate? (All India 2009)
Answer. The Tiger King met his end through the wooden tiger, which he had bought as a gift for his son on his third birthday. While he was playing with his son, a splinter of the poorly made toy tiger pricked the king’s hand. The infection turned into a sore, which spread all over his arm. In spite of the best surgeons, the king’s life could not be saved.
The irony is in the fact that in spite of killing nearly all the tigers in the area, he had to face his death by a toy tiger.

Question.7. What, sort of hunts did the Maharaja offer to organise for the high-ranking British
officer? What trait of the officer does it reveal? (All India 2013)
Answer. Tiger hunting was banned in Pratibandapuram. When the British official came with a tiger hunt request, the Maharaja told him that he may conduct a boar hunt, a mouse hunt, even a mosquito hunt, but not a tiger hunt. In reply to this, the British officer said that he only wanted to be photographed holding a gun and standing ewer the dead body; the tiger could be killed by the Maharaja. This shows the shallowness of character of the officer.

Question.8. Why was the Maharaja so anxious to kill the hundredth tiger? (AR India 2012)
Answer. When the Maharaja was barely ten days old, the chief astrologer had predicted that a tiger would be the cause of his death. When the Maharaja was twenty, he killed one tiger. When he asked his astrologer, the astrologer said that he would kill ninety-nine tigers, but he should be fearful of the hundredth tiger. That was the reason why the Maharaja was so anxious to kill the hundredth tiger.

Question.9. What warning did the astrologer give the Tiger King when he killed the first tiger?
Did the prediction of the astrologer come to be true? (Foreign 2011)
Answer. When the Maharaja boasted about killing the first tiger, the astrologer said that he may kill ’ ninety-nine tigers, but must be “very careful with the hundredth tiger.” Yes, the astrologer was absolutely true in this prediction, because finally the Maharaja was killed by the hundredth tiger.

Question.10.How did the Dewan manage to arrange the hundredth tiger for the Maharaja?
(Foreign 2011)
Answer. The Dewan had brought a tiger from the People’s Park in Madras and kept it hidden in his house. When the Maharaja threatened him with dire consequences, he understood that the only way to save himself was to ‘plant’ a tiger for the kill. So, he and his aged wife dragged the tiger to the forest where the king was hunting. The king took aim and the beast soon collapsed.

Question.11.Why was the Maharaja sunk in gloom even after having killed seventy tigers?
(Foreign 2011)
Answer. During ten years, the Maharaja had managed to kill seventy tigers. As a result, the tiger population became extinct in his kingdom. This made the Maharaja anxious because he thought he would not be able to achieve his target of killing a hundred tigers and so his life would be in dangSr.

Question.12.What led the Maharaja to start out on a tiger hunt? (All India 2010)
Answer. The Maharaja knew the old saying that killing even a cow in self-defence was no sin. So, in order to save his own life and prove the astrological prediction wrong, he started shooting all his enemies, i.e. the tigers he found in the forests of his state and nearby regions.

Question.13.When did the Tiger King stand in danger of losing his kingdom? (Delhi 2010)
Answer. Once, a high-ranking British officer visited Pratibandapuram. He was very fond of hunting tigers and being photographed with them. However, the Maharaja refused to give him permission to hunt tigers because he feared that other British officers too would turn up with the same request. It was because of his refusal that the Maharaja stood in danger of losing his kingdom.

Question.14.What happened to the tiger provided by the Dewan Saheb? (Delhi 2009)
Answer. The tiger provided by the Dewan Saheb was very old and stood in complete submission. The Maharaja look aim and fired, but-actually the bullet missed the tiger and the tiger only fainted from the sharp sound of the bullet. As nobody wanted the Maharaja to know about it, one oflhe hunters himself shot the tiger later on.

Question.15.Describe the efforts made by the Tiger King to achieve his target of killing a hundred
tigers. (All India 2009)
Answer. The Tiger King made numerous efforts to fulfil his target of killing a hundred tigers. He stayed in the forest for many days. He fired many of his officers for not getting him tigers. He had to spend a ransom of three lakh rupees to impress the British official and discourage him from killing the tigers. He even went to the extent of marrying to kill the population of tigers in the neighbouring state to meet his target. In a way, he did all he could to achieve his goal , of killing a hundred tigers.

Question.16.Did the Tiger King shoot the hundredth tiger? Give reasons for your answer.
(Foreign 2009)
Answer. The Tiger King actually did not shoot the hundredth tiger. The tiger being a weak one, fainted from the shock of a bullet whizzing past him and the ignorant king celebrated his achievement. Later, when the hunters took a closer look at the tiger, it woke up as if from a deep slumber.

Question.17.How did the Tiger King celebrate his victory over the killing of the hundredth tiger?
(Delhi2008)
Answer. When the Maharaja thought that he had killed the hundredth tiger, his joy knew no bounds. The elated king returned to his capital and ordered his staff to bring the dead tiger in a grand
procession. The tiger was buried and a tomb was erected over it.

Question.18.What was the Dewan’s tiger like? How did he take it into the forest? (Delhi 2008)
Answer. The Dewan’s tiger was old and had been brought from the People’s Park in Madras. It was kept hidden in the Dewan’s house. At midnight, the Dewan with his wife dragged the tiger to his car and thrust it onto the seat. With great difficulty, the tiger was pushed out of the car and planted in the forest to be shot by the Maharaja.

Question.19.Why did the Dewan decide to give up his own tiger to be killed by the Maharaja?
(Delhi 2008)
Answer. The Maharaja refused to leave the forest unless he killed the hundredth tiger that had been sighted by the villagers. The Maharaja was funous and sacked many officers. He ordered the Dewan to double the land tax of the village and when the Dewan tried to stop him, the Maharaja asked him to resign. So, to save his job, the Dewan decided to arrange for a tiger to be killed by the Maharaja.

Long Answer Type Questions (6 Marks, 120-150 words)

Question.20.How did the Tiger King stand in danger of losing his kingdom? How was he able to
avoid the danger? (Delhi 2012)
Answer. Once a high ranking British officer visited Pratibandapuram. As he was fond of hunting tigers, he expressed his wish of tiger hunting to the king but the king refused permission. Then the British officer (^quested that he only wanted to be photographed holding gun and standing over the dead body of the tiger; the Maharaja could kill the tiger. However, the Maharaja denied him this permission also, fearing that it would lead to further similar requests from other officers.
As the Maharaja did not want to upset the British officer and risk losing his kingdom, he sent a fifty diamond rings to the wife of the officer. The lady kept all the rings and sent him a note of thanks. In this way, the king managed to save his kingdom.

Question.21.The astrologer’s prediction about the death of the Tiger King came to be true. Do you
agree with this statement? (All India 2008)
Answer. I agree with the statement that the astrologer’s prediction about the death of the Tiger King came to be true.
The astrologer had predicted that Tiger King would be killed by a tiger and he should be wary of the hundredth tiger.
This statement of the astrologer forced the king to go on a killing spree. The hundredth tiger was not killed by the king himself but by the hunters, who found out that the old tiger had not died by the bullet of the king but only fainted by the bullet whizzing past him. .
The hundredth tiger was a wooden toy tiger which the king had presented to his three-year old son. It killed the king merely by a sliver of wood protruding form it that pierced his right hand. The wound developed pus and it soon spread all over the arm. The best surgeons failed to save the king and thus, the astrologer’s prediction about the death of the Tiger King proved to be correct.

Important Questions for Class 12 English

 

The Enemy Important Questions CBSE Class 12 English

Short Answer Type Questions o Marks, 30-40 words)

Question.1. Why did Dr Sadao treat the American soldier even though, it was an unpatriotic act
On his part? (Compartment 2014)
Answer. Dr Sadao treated the American prisoner of war because as a doctor, he was trained to save lives. He could not have let the injured soldier die even though he was his national enemy, as that would have been against his professional ethics.

Question.2. How did Hana help Dr Sadao? (Compartment 2014)
Answer. Hana was an impeccable wife and stood by her husband in all his. decisions. She helped Dr Sadao when he was operating upon the enemy and also nursed and washed the prisoner herself when the servants had flatly refused to do so.

Question.3. Why did the General not order immediate arrest of Dr Sadao who had sheltered a
Whiteman? (Compartment 2014)
Answer. The General did not usually keep in good health and trusted no other surgeon but Dr Sadao in his time of need and could have needed his services anytime. This is why he did not order immediate arrest of the doctor for harbouring an enemy in his house.

Question.4. What forced Dr Sadao to be impatient and irritable with his patient? (All India 2013,2010)
Answer. The wounded white man urgently needed an operation as he was critically injured. Hana was with Sadao when, he started operating on the prisoner. Hana, who had never seen an operation in her life, vomited at the sight of blood. Sadao wanted to help her in her distress but he could not leave his patient. This made him impatient and irritable.

Question.5. What made a cool surgeon like Sadao speak sharply to his wife and what was her
reaction? (All India 2013)
Answer. Hana had never seen an operation before. When Sadao started operating, blood began to flow. Hana choked at this moment. Sadao sharply told her not to faint because if he had stopped, the wounded man would surely have died. Hana clasped her hands to her mouth and ran out. Sadao heard her vomit.

Question.6. Why had Hana to wash the wounded man herself? (Delhi 2012)
or
Why did Hana wash the wounded soldier herself? (Delhi 2011)
Answer. Hana had to wash the wounded man herself because her servants and even her maidservant flatly refused to wash an enemy American out of superstition and fear.

Question.7. How did Dr Sadao ensure that the American sailor left his house but he himself
remained safe and secure? (Delhi 2011)
Answer. The night the man escaped as per the plan, Dr Sadao slept well. One evening standing on the verandah, Dr Sadao looked towards the island. There was no signal of the flashlight. It meant that the man had gone, safe on a Korean fishing boat. In this way, he ensured the American’s departure and his own safety and security.

Question.8. How does the writer indicate that Dr Sadao’s father was a very traditional and
conventional man? (Delhi 2011)
Answer. Sadao’s education had been his father’s chief concern, who even sent him to America at the age of twenty-two to study surgery and medicine. Sadao’s father was a true patriot and took immense pride in Japanese culture and traditions. That is why Sadao married Hana only after confirming that she was a Japanese, as he did not want to upset his father. This suggests that Sadao’s father’was a very traditional and conventional man.

Question.9. Why did the messenger come to Dr Sadao? What did Hana think about it? (All India 2010)
Answer. The messenger had come to Dr Sadao’s house to inform him that the old General was in pain again and had to be attended to. When Hana first saw the uniformed messenger, she got frightened, for she thought that he had come to arrest her husband for harbouring an enemy in their hou$e.

Question.10. Why did the General spare the American soldier? (All India 2009)
Answer. The General spared the American soldier because he was a selfish man. He thought of nothing but his own life. He needed Sadao for his operation and he forgot about his promise in his pain.

Question.11.Why was Dr Sadao not sent to the battlefield? (All India 2009)
Answer. Dr Sadao was not sent abroad with the troops because the ailing General trusted no other surgeon but Dr Sadao and could have needed his expert services anytime.

Question.12.How did Dr Sadao get rid of the enemy soldier? (Foreign 2009)
Answer. Dr Sadao planned out everything beforehand. He put his boat on the shore with food and extra clothing. He asked the American prisoner of war to row to a little island near the coast and then wait for a Korean ship to pass. He also gave the American his flashlight complete with instructions on how to signal him in a time of distress.

Question.13.What secret plan did the General have about the American soldier staying under the
care of Sadao? (All India 2008)
Answer. The General planned to get the American soldier staying under the care of Dr Sadao assassinated by his private assassins. He assured the doctor about the removal of the dead body also.

Question.14.Hana told Yumi to wash the soldier. How did Yumi react? (Delhi 2008)
Answer. When Hana asked Yumi to wash the soldier, she bluntly refused to do so, saying that she had never washed a white man and she would not wash a dirty one. Yumi obstinately told Hana that she was a poor person and did not want to associate with the man.

Question.15.Why did the servants leave Dr Sadao’s house?
Answer. The servants left Dr Sadao’s house because they did not approve of the white man staying in the surgeon’s house. They thought that Sadao’s stay in America during his education had erased all his sentiments for his country. Also, they did not want to be in trouble with the authorities if Sadao was arrested as a traitor.

Long Answer Type Questions (6 Marks, 120-150 Words)

Question.16.What was the General’s plan to get rid of the American prisoner? Was it executed?
What traits of General’s character are highlighted in the lesson? (All India 2014)
Answer. Dr Sadao informed the General about the presence of the American prisoner at his house. The General decided that his private assassins would take care of him and even take his body away Sadao agreed to the General’s proposal. However, the General’s assassins did not arrive for the next three days. Consequently the General’s plan was not executed. Sadao spent three restless nights in waiting for the assassins; ultimately he helped the prisoner escape.
When Sadao informed the General about the escape of the prisoner, the General replied that he was sick and thus forgot about the whole affair. He further wanted that Sadao must not inform anybody about this.
This shows tharfhe General was highly selfish. He had regard only for his own safety and pride. Also, he did not send Sadao to the battlefield as he needed his services himself. He considered himself more important than the lives of thousands of soldiers.

Question.17.What conflicting ideas arise in Dr Sadao’s mind after he has brought the wounded
American soldier home? How is the conflict resolved? (Compartment 2014)
Answer. From the day Dr Sadao found the wounded soldier outside his house, he had been caught up in a web of conflicts and difficulties.
The first difficulty arose when Sadao decided to operate upon the soldier. He was caught between his duty as a doctor and loyalty towards his nation. Nonetheless, Sadao emerged a champion in this regard. As an ethical and sincere doctor, he saved the life of the soldier and as a responsible citizen, he also informed the General about the presence of the soldier. Next, when the General’s men did not arrive to kill the enemy, Sadao was again caught in a conflict as to how to*get rid of the white man. His innate virtues of compassion and benevolence forbade him from killing the man. Thus, he decided to let the prisoner escape by sending him off to an unguarded island.
This is how Dr Sadao successfully resolved the conflict.

Question.18.Do you think Dr Sadao’s final decision was the best possible one in the circumstances? Why/Why not? Explain with reference to the story, ‘The Enemy’.(Delhi 2013)
Answer. Dr Sadao’s final decision was the best possible one in the given circumstances. He has the instincts of a doctor. When Tom, the prisoner of war, was found wounded, the first thing he did was to save his life. As a doctor, he was duty bound to save lives.
Next, he completed the duty towards his nation by informing the General about the presence of the prisoner.
But finally, he helped the enemy escape. His compassionate heart rose above the narrow . confines of hatred and war. As a doctor, Sadao could not have left the wounded prisoner of war unattended and so he decided to operate upon him and save his life. However, at the same time, he discharged his duty towards his nation by informing the General about the enemy. And finally, the surgeon helped the enemy escape because his compassionate heart forbade him to kill the same person whom he had saved.

Question.19.What impression do you form about Dr Sadao as a man and as a surgeon on your reading the chapter The Enemy’? (All India2012)
Answer. After going through the chapter, ‘The Enemy’, we come to the conclusion that Dr Sadao was an excellent surgeon and a human being per excellence. He appeared to be a man full of; compassion and a surgeon in the truest sense of the word.
Although he had a bitter experience of Americans being prejudiced when he was a student in America, he did not let that bitterness overwhelm him and the doctor and fine human being in him prevailed.,He knew that, if being found that he had harboured an American POW in his own house, tie would be labelled a traitor.
His conscience did not permit to let a human being die before his eyes and he took the risk of being called a traitor. It was not that he was a traitor. He promptly informed the General about the whole incident. It showed that he was not a coward. He was ready to face the consequences.

Question.20.Why did Sadao help the American soldier to escape? How did he do it?
Answer. Sadao’s expertise in his profession and compassion as a human being were his most dominant personality traits. As a dutiful doctor, he could not have let the prisoner die of his injuries and so he saved his life. At the same time, he acted like a responsible citizen and informed the General of the presence of the enemy. However, when the General’s men did not come to kill the American Sadao decided to save his life.
Dr Sadao gave his boat to the young soldier, arranged food for him and provided him valuable information which helped him escape successfully. This is how Sadao helped the American soldier flee and thereby saved his life.

Question.21.Why did Sadao Hoki go to America? Narrate his experiences there. (All India 2012)
Answer. Sadao Hoki went to America to study surgery and medicine as it was the wish of his father. His experience of living in America was not very good but he was grateful to have some good professors who taught him so well. Also, he was grateful to the professor at whose home he had met Hana and immediately liked her. But he did not like the smell of their food, their small room and the wife of his professor, who was vbry talkative, although she tried hard to be kind.
Initially, he had faced great difficulty in finding a place to live in America because he was a Japanese. He perceived that Americans were full of prejudice and for him it was a bitter experience to live with them.

Question.22.Dr Sadao was compelled by his duty as a doctor to help the enemy soldier. What
made Hana, his wife, sympathetic to him in the face of open defiance from the domestic staff? (All India 2011)
Answer. As a doctor, it was Dr Sadao’s moral responsibility to save Tom, the American prisoner of war, but Hana was under no such compulsion. In spite of this, she abided by her husband’s ; decisions because she was a dutiful wife who pledged to support her husband even through the most difficult times.
Secondly, Hana being a woman, was soft-hearted. She could not see a wounded person being left in the lurch. As a woman, she adorned the role of a life-giver and a preserver. She could not have been a destroyer. That is why she cleaned the prisoner when her maid was unwilling to do so. She also assisted her husband in the operation on the American, despite the fact that she could not stand the blood, and started vomiting when she saw it. She was thus a dutiful wife and life-giver.

Important Questions for Class 12 English

Indigo Important Questions CBSE Class 12 English

Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks, 30-40 words)

Question.1. Why did Gandhiji feel that taking the Champaran case to court was useless?
(Delhi 2014 Modified)
Answer. When Gandhiji got to know about the plight of the peasant groups in Champaran from his discussion with the lawyers, he came to the conclusion that the poor peasants were so crushed and fear-stricken that law courts were useless in their case. Going to courts overburdened the sharecroppers with heavy litigation expenses. What really needed to be done was to make them free from fear.

Question.2. How did the Champaran peasants react when they heard that a Mahatma had come
to help them? (Compartment 2014)
Answer. When the Champaran peasants heard that a Mahatma had come to help them, they assembled in Motihari in large number. Thousands of peasants held a demonstration around the courthouse where Gandhiji was supposed to appear. The crowd was so uncontrollable that the officials felt powerless, and Gandhiji himself helped the authorities to regulate the crowd.

Question.3. What made the Lieutenant Governor drop the case against Gandhiji? (Compartment 2014)
Answer. When Gandhiji was asked to appear in the court in Motihari, thousands of peasants held a demonstration arounck the courthouse. The officials felt helpless and the government was baffled. The trial was postponed, as the judge didn’t want to aggravate the situation. He held up the sentence for several days, after which Gandhiji was released without bail. All these events made the Lieutenant Governor drop the case against Gandhiji.

Question.4. Why did Gandhiji oppose when his friend Andrews offered to stay in Champaran and
help the peasants? (Foreign 2014)
or
Why did Gandhiji object to CF Andrews’ stay in Champaran? (Foreign 2009)
Answer. CF Andrews, an English pacifist, was a devoted follower of Gandhiji. The lawyers thought that bejng an Englishman, Andrews could be of immense help to them in their cause of fighting the battle of Champaran. Gandhiji, however,.was against this because he felt that enlisting an Englishman’s help showed weakness. Their cause was just, and they had to win the battle by relying on themselves. This would make them self-reliant.

Question.5. Why do you think Gandhi considered the Champaran episode to be a turning point
in his life? (All India 2011)
Answer. The Champaran episode began as an attempt to alleviate the distress of poor peasants. Ultimately it proved to be a turning point in Gandhiji’s life because it was a loud proclaimation that made the British realise that Gandhiji could not be ordered about in his own country. It infused courage to question British authority in the masses and laid the foundation of non-cooperation as a new tool to fight the British tooth and nail.

Question.6. What did the peasants pay to the British landlords as rent? (Foreign 2011)
Answer. The British landlords had entered into a long-term contract with the farmers according to which they compelled all tenants to plant 15% of their holdings with indigo. The sharecroppers had to surrender the entire indigo harvest as rent.

Question.7.Why did Gandhiji decide to go to Muzaffarpur before going to Champaran? (Foreign 2011)
Answer. Rajkumar Shukla had given quite a lot of information to Gandhiji about the indigo sharecroppers of Champaran. However, Gandhiji wished to obtain more complete information about the conditions than Shukla had imparted. He visited Muzaffarpur, which was en route to Champaran, to inquire from the lawyers there about the issue, as they frequently represented the peasant groups in the court.

Question.8.Why do you think the servants thought Gandhi to be another peasant? (Delhi 2010)
Answer. The servants knew that Rajkumar Shukla was a poor farmer who pestered their master to help the indigo sharecroppers. Since Gandhiji accompanied Shukla and was dressed simply, they mistook him for a peasant. Gandhiji’s modesty and unassertiveness also led to the assumption that he was a peasant.

Question.9.”The battle of Champaran is won!.” What led Gandhiji to make this remark?
(Foreign 2010)
Answer. The lawyers first decided to return home if Gandhiji. was arrested. But they soon realised their mistake. When they declared that they would fight for the peasants’ cause in the event of Gandhiji’s arrest and volunteered to court arrest for the cause of the sharecroppers, Gandhiji was very pleased and exclaimed, “The battle of Champaran is won!.”

Question.10.Why did Gandhi agree to the planters’ offer of a 25% refund to the farmers? (Delhi 2009)
Answer. Gandhiji agreed to a settlement of 25% refund to the farmers in order to break the deadlock between the landlords and peasants. For him the amount of the refund was not very important. The fact that the landlords had been obliged to surrender a part of their money as well as their prestige gave a moral victory to the farmers. Thus, Gandhiji not only made the landlords accept their dishonesty but also made the farmers learn a lesson in defending their rights with courage.

Question.11.How was Gandhi able to influence the lawyers? Give instances. (All India 2009)
or
Hbw was Gandhiji able to influence the lawyers? (All India 2008)
Answer. Gandhiji’s sincerity towards the peasants’ cause and convincing arguments and negotiations, thoroughly influenced the lawyers. He chided them for overcharging the peasants and encouraged them to court arrest for the peasants’ noble cause. He even rejected their proposal to seek Mr Andrews help in their battle against the Britishers in order to be self-reliant and independent.

Long Answer Type Questions (6 Marks, 120-150 Words)

Question.1. Why is the Champaran episode considered to be the beginning of the Indian struggle
for independence? (All India 2014 Modified)
Answer. The Champaran episode was one of the major events in the struggle for independence. It was in the course of this small but significant movement that Gandhiji decided to urge the departure of the British from India.
A close examination of the problems of the Champaran peasants opened Gandhiji’s eyes to the unjust policies of the British. He realised that people had to be made free from fear and only then could they be freed from foreign oppression. The spontaneous demonstration of the people proved that Gandhiji had the nation’s support in his fight against the Britishers. It also aroused patriotism in the heart of the Indians.
The triumph of The.civil disobedience at Champaran motivated the launching of the movement on a large scale during the freedom movement. Gandhiji’s winning the case of the sharecroppers proved that British authority could be challenged. Hence, the Champaran episode served as a stepping stone to the Indian struggle for independence.

Question.2.Gandhiji’s loyalty was not a loyalty to abstractions; it was a loyalty to living human
beings. Why did Gandhiji continue his stay in Champaran even after indigo sharecropping disappeared? (All India 2014 Modified)
Answer. After the Champaran battle was won and the land reverted to the peasants, Gandhiji continued to stay on in the region. His loyalty was, indeed, to living human beings and he realised that a lot needed to be done for the upliftment of the peasants in the villages of Champaran. Gandhiji took the initiative and began the work of eradicating their cultural and social backwardness. Primary schools were started so that the poor peasants and their children could be educated. Gandhiji appealed to teachers, and many of his disciples, including his wife and son, volunteered for the work.
Health conditions in the area were also miserable. Gandhiji got a doctor to volunteer his services for six months. All this-goes to prove that Gandhiji’s loyalty was not to abstractions, but his politics was always intertwined with the practical day to day problems of the millions.

Question.3.Describe how, according to Louis Fischer, Gandhiji succeeded in his Champaran
campaign. (Compartment 2014)
Answer. The Champaran campaign was an attempt to free the poor peasants of Champaran from injustice and exploitation at the hands of the Britishers. Gandhiji succeeded in this campaign using his method of satyagraha and non-violence. He visited Muzaffarpur to obtain complete information about the actual condition of the sharecroppers. He first appealed to the concerned authorities, but when there was no positive response, he organised a mass civil , disobedience movement with the support of the peasants.
Gandhiji’s main objective was to remove the fear of the British landlords from the heart of the poor peasants and mould a new free Indian, who could participate in the freedom movement of the country.
He made the peasants aware of their rights and gave them a new-found confidence for fighting their own battles. He also taught them to be self-reliant by refusing to take the help of CF Andrews, his English friend.

Question.4.Why did Gandhiji agree to a settlement of 25% refund to the farmers? How did it
influence the peasant-landlord relationship in Champaran? (All India 2ol3)
Answer. Under an ancient arrangement, the peasants of Champaran were sharecroppers. The landlords forced the Indian tenants to plant 15% of their holding with indigo and surrender the entire indigo harvest as rent.
After Germany developed synthetic indigo, the landlords wanted to dissolve the agreement, as synthetic indigo would be cheaper. They asked the peasants for compensation to release them from this arrangement. Most of them signed it willingly, but felt cheated after they learned about synthetic indigo.
Gandhiji fought their case and the evidence that he collected was so overwhelming that the landlords were asked to repay. When Gandhiji asked for 50% repayment, the landlords offered to pay only 25%, as they wanted to create a deadlock, and thus prolong the dispute. To everybody surprise, Gandhiji agreed to a refund of only 25%. Gandhiji explained that the amount of refundwas not important. What mattered was that the landlords were obliged to surrender a part of their money and with it, part of their prestige.

Question.5. Give an account of Gandhiji’s efforts to secure justice for the poor indigo sharecroppers of Champaran. (All India 2012)
Answer. In the course of his journey to Champaran with Rajkumar Shukla, Gandhiji stayed at Muzaffarpur where he met the lawyers and concluded that fighting through courts was not going to solve the problem of the poor sharecroppers of Champaran. He declared that the real relief for them was to be free from fear.
With this intention, he arrived in Champaran and contacted the Secretary of the British Landlord’s association. The Secretary refused to provide him any information. After this, Gandhiji met the Commissioner of the Tirhut division who served a notice on him to immediately leave Tirhut.
Gandhiji accepted the notice by signing it and wrote on it that he would not obey the order. He was even willing to court arrest for the cause of the peasants.
After four rounds of talks with-the Governor, an official commission of inquiry was appointed in which Gandhiji was made the sole representative of the peasants.
Through this commission Gandhiji succeeded in getting 25% of the compensation award for the poor sharecroppers from the British landowners.

Question.6. The Champaran episode was a turning point in Gandhiji’s life. Elucidate. (All India 2012)
Answer. Gandhiji himself accepted the proposition that the Champaran episode was a turning point in his life. It was then that he decided to urge the departure of the British from India.
In fact the Champaran episode was the first experiment of civil disobedience in India. When Gandhiji was on his way to Champaran, he stayed in Muzaffarpur, where he met the lawyers who were fighting cases for the sharecroppers. The peasants were so crushed and fear-stricken . that Gandhiji concluded that law courts were useless. The real relief for them was to be free from fear. The spontaneous demonstration by the peasants showed that they were instilled with a new strength and spirit. Gandhiji showed the poor peasants how to fight the British with ‘satyagraha’. He made them aware of their power and the power of ahimsa.
All this laid the foundation of his future movements and served as a great source of strength and motivation for all Indians.

Important Questions for Class 12 English

Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers Important Questions CBSE Class 12 English

Extract Based Questions (4 Marks)

Question.1. Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow.
When Aunt is dead, her terrified hands will lie
Still ringed with ordeals she was mastered by
The tigers in the panel that she made
Will go on prancing, proud and unafraid
(a) Who is the aunt mentioned here?
(b) Why is she “ringed with ordeals”?
(c) What is the difference between her and the tigers?
(d) Why has Aunt Jennifer created the tigers so different from her own character?
or
(a) Why are Aunt Jennifer’s hands terrified?
(b) Why did she make the tigers?
(c) What will happen to her tigers after her death? (Delhi 2012; Modified)
(d) How are Aunt Jennifer’s tigers different from her?
Answer.(a) The aunt mentioned here is Aunt Jennifer, the protagonist of Adrienne Rich’s poem ‘Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers’; she is a woman going through unpleasant experiences in her married , life.
(b) The ‘ring’ here refers to her wedding band or ring, which has brought with it a host of family responsibilities. She feels so surrounded (i.e. ringed) by her marital constraints that it seems like an ordeal to her.
(c) Aunt Jennifer is quite weak and submissive, whereas the tigers are strong, bold and powerful. She is bound by the constraints of her married fife, while the tigers are free to move about in the green woods.
(d) The tigers created by Aunt Jennifer are an expression of her desire to free herself from the constraints of her married life. She wants to be bold and fearless like her tigers.
or
(a) Her hands are ‘terrified’ (actually she is terrified) as she is passing through the very hard and bitter experience of married life. Here the poet has used her hands to represent her.
(b) She made the tigers because they are beasts of prey. They are chivalric and confident and do not fear men, which is totally contrasting with her own nature.
(c) The tigers will still keep prancing over the panel even when Aunt is dead. They will
outlive her.
(d) Aunt Jennifer’s tigers provide a striking contrast to her. The old lady is weak and- scared of men, whereas the tigers symbolise strength, power and fearlessness.

Question.2. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
Aunt Jennifer’s tigers prance across a screen,
Bright topaz denizens of a world of green
They do not fear the men beneath the tree,
They pace in sleek chivalric certainty
(a) How are Aunt Jennifer’s tigers described?
(b) Why are they described as denizens of a world of green?
(c) Why are they not afraid of the men? (Delhi 2010; Modified)
(d) What are her tigers symbolic of?
Answer. (a) Aunt Jennifer’s tigers have been described as golden yellow in colour. The prance fearlessly across a screen in sleek chivalric certainty.
(b) They have been called as denizens of a world of green because they are the natives of dense green forests.
(c) They are not afraid of men because they are brave, strong, fearless and full of confidence.
(d) Her tigers are symbolic of Aunt Jennifer’s desire for freedom. They are also symbols of strength and self-confidence.

Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks, 30-40 words)

Question.1. What are the difficulties that Aunt Jennifer faced in her life? (Delhi 2014)
or
What are the ordeals that Aunt Jennifer faced in her life? (Foreign 2009)
Answer. Aunt Jennifer was probjbly a victim of oppression at the hands of the patriarchal society. She was subjugated by her husband and the weight of the wedding band i.e. her wedding ring, felt heavy on her hand. She was so terrified that her hands fluttered even when she carried something so light as wool.

Question.2. How are Aunt Jennifer’s tigers different from her? (All India 2014)
or
How are the tigers different from her? (Foreign 2009)
Answer. Aunt Jennifer’s tigers are created by her on the tapestry. However, they present a sharp contrast to their creator. While the Aunt is weak, meek and submissive and is scared of expressing her feelings openly, the tigers are strong, fearless and confident. They are bold creatures and are scared of no one. The aunt is in bonded in matrimony and faces several restrictions. Qn the other hand, the tigers move about freely.

Question.3. How does Aunt Jennifer express her bitterness and anger against male dominance?
(Compartment 2014)
Answer. Aunt Jennifer is too terrified to openly resist the oppression that she is victim of. She expresses her bitterness and anger against male dominance silently through her art. She creates tigers on her tapestry; animals that are symbolic of bravery, fearlessness and strength. Besides, she portrays these tigers as creatures unafraid of the men around them. The tigers she creates are wild and free from any kind of bondage.

Question.4.What will happen to Aunt Jennifer’s tigers when she is dead? (Delhi 2013)
Answer. The tigers created by Aunt Jennifer are eternal. They will keep on prancing even after her death. She probably wants to convey that the tigers which represent the Aunt’s inner sense of freedom will stay forever.

Question.5.What lies heavily on Aunt Jennifer’s hand? How is it associated with her husband?
(All India 2013)
or
What is the weight that lies heavy on Aunt Jennifer’s hand? How is it associated with her husband? (Foreign 2010)
Answer. The weight that lies heavy on Aunt Jennifer’s hand is the wedding band, which symbolises the weight of her married life. Probably, the weight has burdened her so much that she feels subjugated. Aunt Jennifer had a troubled married life with a dominating and oppressive husband.

Question.6. Why did Aunt Jennifer choose to embroider tigers on the panel? (Delhi 2012, All India 2009)
Answer. Aunt Jennifer chose to embroider tigers on the panel because for her, the tigers were the symbols of bravery, fearlessness and strength. These creatures are not afraid of the men around them. Her embroidering the tigers is perhaps an expression of her own bitterness and anger against male dominance.

Question.7. How do the words, ‘denizens’ and ‘chivalric’ add to our understanding of Aunt
Jennifer’s tigers? (All India 2012)
or
How do ‘denizens’ and ‘chivalric’ add to our understanding of the tiger’s attitudes?
(Delhi 2011)
Answer. ‘Denizens’ denotes occupants or citizens and ‘chivalric’ points to fearlessness, honour, bravery and majesty. Tigers are very possessive about their territory. They live on their own terms and fear none, as they regard themselves superior in their own domain, The poet finds similarities between the propensity-of tigers and men.

Question.8.Why do you think Aunt Jennifer created animals that Die so different from her own
character? What might the poet be suggesting through this difference? (All India 2011)
Answer. Aunt Jennifer is a weak and terrified person who, all through her life, was suppressed by the constraints of marriage. The animals that she is creating in her panel are very different, as they are chivalric and do not fear men. They are a symbol of strength, fierceness and beauty. They represent Aunt Jennifer’s suppressed desire to become bold and fearless, and free from oppression. The poet wants to emphasise the spirit and desire for freedom which is innate in all human beings.

Question.9. How does the poet describe Aunt Jennifer’s tigers?(Delhi 2008)
or
Describe the tigers created by Aunt Jennifer. (All India 2008, Delhi 2009)
Answer. According to the poet, Aunt Jennifer’s tigers are golden-yellow in colour. He describes them as prancing across the screen. They are denizens of a world of green. The tigers are sleek, chivalric, majestic and elegant. Also, they are brave and fearless.

Important Questions for Class 12 English

The Rattrap Important Questions CBSE Class 12 English

Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks; 30-40 words)

Question.1. In what sense was the world a big rattrap according to the peddler? (Compartment 2014)
or
Why did the peddler think that the world was a rattrap? (All India 2009)
Answer. The peddler was a very poor man who earned his living by selling rattraps he made himself from the materials he got by begging. His mind, thus, was always preoccupied with rattraps. One day, he suddenly thought of the whole world was a big rattrap. He felt that the shelter, food, clothes, riches and joys that the world provided were all baits set to entrap man just as a rattrap offered cheese or meat to entrap rats. As soon as one was trapped, everything came to an end.

Question.2. Why did the peddler derive pleasure from his idea of the world as a rattrap?
(Delhi 2014; Modified)
Answer. The world had never been kind to the poor peddler. Wherever he went, he was greeted with sour faces and was turned or chased away. Therefore, he derived pleasure from thinking ill of the world in this way. Moreover, he perhaps envied those whose lot was better than his, and was rather amused to think that some day they too would be tempted by the bait and be caught in the Tattrap.

Question.3. Why did the peddler knock on the cottage by the roadside? How was he treated by the Owner Of the cottage? (Compartment 2014)
Answer. The peddler knocked on the cottage by the roadside to seek shelter for the night. The owner of the cottage was a crofter who lived there alone. He regarded the peddler as welcome company and treated him quite hospitably. He not only put him up for the night, but also offered him food and played cards with him.

Question.4. Why did Edla plead with her father not to sen’d the vagabond away?
(All India 2014; Modified)
or
Why did Edla still entertain the peddler even after she knew the truth about him? (NCERT)
Answer. Edla had always thought the peddler to be a poor, homeless tramp. Therefore, she didn’t feel cheated when his true identity was revealed. Instead, she felt very bad for him and his miserable condition, and pleaded on his behalf. She and her father had promised him Christmas cheer, and she felt that it would be wrong to send him away.

Question.5. What conclusion did the ironmaster reach when he heard that the crofter had been robbed by the peddler? (Compartment 2014)
Answer. It was at the church th$t the ironmaster and his daughter heard that the crofter had been robbed by a peddler, who, no doubt, was the one they had sheltered at the manor house. The ironmaster at once concluded that the peddler would probably have stolen all his silverware in their absence, and rdn away.

Question.6. What was the content of the letter written by the peddler to Edla? (Foreign 2014)
Answer. The peddler had written that since Edla had treated him like a captain, he wanted to be nice to her in return. He did not want her to be embarrassed at Christmas by a thief. He had requested that the crofter’s money that he had stolen be returned. He further wrote that the rattrap was a Christmas present from a rat who would have been caught in the world’s rattrap, if he had not been raised to the status of captain, which motivated him to reform himself.

Question.7. What were the contents of the package left by the peddler as Christmas gift for Edla Willmansson? (Compartment 2014)
Answer. The package left by the peddler as a Christmas gift for Edla Willmansson comprised a small rattrap with three wrinkled ten kronor notes in it, which the peddler had robbed from the crofter. It also contained a brief letter for Edla explaining the peddler’s conduct.

Question.8. Why did the peddler decline the invitation of the ironmaster? (Delhi 2012)
Answer.The ironmaster has mistaken the peddler for an old regimental comrade and invited him home. The peddler declined the invitation because he was carrying the money he had stolen from the crofter. He knew that if the ironmaster discovered his identity, he would hand him over to the police. Therefore, for him, going to the manor house was like walking into a lion’s den.

Question.9. Who was the owner of Ramsjo iron mills? Why did he visit the mills at night?
(All India 2012)
Answer.The owner of the Ramsjo iron mills was an ex-army man and an ambitious and prominent ironmaster. He was very particular about the quality of his products, and visited the mills even at night to make sure that good iron was shipped out from his mills.

Question.10.How did the ironmaster react on seeing the stranger lying close to the furnace?
(All India 2012)
Answer. When the ironmaster saw a stranger in rags lying close to the furnace, he went near him and removed his slouch hat to get a better view of his face. Due to dim light in the forge and the peddler’s dirty appearance, he mistook him to be Nils Olof, an old acquaintance of his regiment. He was delighted to see him and invited him home for Christmas.

Question.11.Why did the stranger not tell the ironmaster that he was not Nils Olof? (All India 2012)
Answer. The stranger did not tell the ironmaster that he was not Nils Olof because he thought that if the gentleman believed that he was an old friend or acquaintance of his, then he might take pity on him and help him with some money.

Question.12.Why was the crofter so talkative and friendly with the peddler? (Delhi 2012)
Answer. The old crofter was lonfly and leading a dreary existence as he had no wife or children. He was happy to get someone to talk to and share his thoughts with, even though it was a tramp. So he welcomed the peddler who was quite a patient listener, and extended his hospitality to him.

Question.13.Why was the peddler surprised when he knocked on the door of the cottage?
(All India 2011)
Answer. The peddler had never been treated kindly by the world. He was meted out cold treatment wherever he went. He was pleasantly surprised when the crofter greeted him with warmth and hospitality. Ordinarily, he always met ‘sour faces’ when he knocked for shelter and food, and was usually turned away.

Question.14.Why did the peddler keep to the woods after leaving the crofter’s cottage? How did
he feel?(All India 2011)
Answer. After stealing the money from the crofter’s, the peddler was cautious to. avoid the public, highway lest he be identified and caught. He got into the woods but finally realised that it was a big and confusing forest. The end of the forest was nowhere in sight and he felt lost. That’s when he recalled his thoughts about the world being a rattrap and he realised that he had indeed become a victim of a rattrap.

Question.15.What made the peddler finally change his ways? (All India 2010)
Answer. The peddler believed in giving back to the world what he received from it. He was always treated with contempt and hostility and so he never did anything good. However, Edla’s kind and caring behaviour finally changed him. She had treated him with love and respect befitting a captain, even after realising that he was a poor vagabond. The trust that Edla showed in him made him change his ways and he decided to live with dignity and respect.

Question.16.Why was Edla happy to see the gift left by the peddler? (All India 2010)
Answer. Edla felt very dejected when she came to know about the theft of the crofter’s money by the peddler, but the gift left behind, which consisted of a small rattrap and three wrinkled ten kronor notes, restored her faith in him. She felt happy because her trust in him had been justified. Her kindness had finally changed the peddler and brought out his essential goodness.

Question.17.”Edla sat and hung her head even more dejectedly than usual.” Which two reasons
forced her to behave in that manner? (Foreign 2010)
Answer. Edla had shown kindness to the peddler even after knowing that he was not a captain. This was.the reason why she felt all the more dejected when she came to know that the peddler whom she had sheltered was actually a thief, who had recently robbed a crofter. Secondly, she also felt bad because the peddler had disproved the faith which she had shown in him.

Question.18. Why did the peddler sign himself as Captain von Stahle? (All India 2009)
Answer. The peddler owed his transformation to the kind treatment meted out to him by Edla. In spite of knowing the truth about him, she had honoured and treated him like a captain. She had awakened the latent goodness in his heart. He wanted to repay Edla for her kindness. His signing himself as Captain von Stahle shows that he wanted to retain the dignity and respect accorded to him.

Long Answer Type Questions (6 Marks, 120-150 words)

Question.1. How did the peddler feel after robbing the crofter? What course did he adopt and
how did he react to the new situation? What does his reaction reveal? (Delhi 2013)
Answer. The crofter had treated the peddler with hospitality, and had even reposed his trust in the poor vagabond. Still the peddler robbed him and was quite pleased with his smartness. However, the fear of getting caught haunted him. So, he avoided the public highway and turned into the woods. It was a big and confusing forest, and due to the approaching darkness, the peddler lost his way. He got exhausted moving around the same place, and was filled with despair. He began to feel that the forest was like a big rattrap and the thirty kronor he had stolen were like a bait set to tempt him.
His reaction reveals that he was feeling guilty for having stolen the crofter’s money. His , heart was filled with remorse and self-loathing for his act of weakness. However, his thoughts are perhaps also a way of justifying his crime.

Question.2. The story, The Rattrap’ is both entertaining and philosophical. Do you agree with
this statement? Why/Why not? (Foreign 2011)
Answer. The story, ‘The Rattrap’ is indeed, both entertaining and philosophical. The fast-paced narrative in the third person, generous use of dialogue by the author and different characters belonging to different mindsets and locales make the story interesting and entertaining. Besides, the author has managed to keep up the suspense till the end.
The incidents in the forge, with the ironmaster coming at midnight, hold our attention. The peddler’s incessant refusals to the ironmaster to accompany him, but his accepting Edla’s invitation in one go, the ironmaster’s realisation of his mistake, and Edla’s sympathy and generosity, all make the story quite gripping. While all the above events make the story interesting, there is also an element of philosophy in the story.
Somewhere, the peddler’s theory of the world being a rattrap is true. One feels caught up like a rat in the entrappings of the world. Some people fall into this trap never to come out of it again. The story teaches us that, as human beings, we are not above temptations.

Question.3. The story focuses on human loneliness and the need to bond with others. Explain.
(Delhi 2010)
Answer. All. the characters in the story suffer from loneliness and are dreary souls. First of all, the tramp appears to lead a sad, monotonous existence, left to his own musings. He is always greeted by sour faces and cold words.
The old crofter’s fate has been somewhat kinder to him. Bereft of his wife and children, he lives all alone in a cottage by the roadside, and is rather happy to have visitors around.
We also have the ironmaster and his daughter, Edla, who have no company for Christmas. The ironmaster’s wife is dead and his sons are settled abroad.
He, with his daughter, are happy to play hosts for his friend. Thus, all of them have a strong desire for bonding and comradeship. The crofter is happy to be friends with the peddler, although only for a nig^it. It is the bonding with the ironmaster’s daughter that transforms the peddler. The love, understanding and dignity that he gets from the girl makes him leave his dishonest ways and redeem himself.

Question.4. Give examples from the story, The Rattrap’ to show how the ironmaster is different from his daughter. (Delhi 2009)
or
Compare and contrast the character of the ironmaster with that of his daughter.
(Delhi 2008)
Answer. The character of the ironmaster was very different from that of his daughter. He was an ambitious and arrogant man. When he saw the peddler, he mistook him for his old regimental comrade, and invited him home, but this was more out of his sense of pride than out of sympathy or generosity.
When the ironmaster realised that he had been mistaken, he called the peddler dishonest and threatened to call the Sheriff. When he learnt that the peddler was a thief, he was ‘ worried about his own silverware.
On the other hand, Edla, the ironmaster’s daughter, was a kind and compassionate lady who was really sympathetic and considerate towards the peddler right from the beginning. She treated him with respect and dignity even after knowing that he was not a captain. It was her generous attitude which finally changed the peddler, bringing out the essential goodness of his nature.

Important Questions for Class 12 English

Keeping Quiet Important Questions CBSE Class 12 English

Extract Based Questions (4 Marks)

Question.1. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
“If we were not so single-minded
about keeping our lives moving,
and for once could do nothing,
perhaps a huge silence
might interrupt this sadness
of never understanding ourselves
and of threatening ourselves with death(Compartment 2014 Modified)
(a) Whom does ‘we’ refer to in the above lines?
(b) Why does the poet want us to ‘do nothing’ for once?
(c) What is the‘sadness’that the poet refers to in the poem?
(d) How can a huge silence do good to us?
Answer.
(a) ‘We’ refers to the human beings, who are always thinking about their own progress and advancement.
(b) The poet wants us to ‘do nothing’ for once so that our mind can be at peace and we are able to introspect and analyse our own actions.
(c) The poet refers to the ‘sadness’ which arises due to the fact that people fail to understand themselves. They have no time to introspect about their actions and their consequences.
(d) A huge silence can do good to us because we are able to achieve peace in this silence. It helps us in analysing ourselves and our actions, interrupting the sadness of threatening ourselves with death.

Question.2.Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow.
Perhaps the Earth can teach us
as when everything seems dead
and later proves to be alive
Now I’ll count upto twelve
and you keep quiet and I will go.
(a) What does the Earth teach us?
(b) What does the poet mean to achieve by counting upto twelve?
(c) What is the significance of ’keeping quiet’? (All India 2013; Modified)
(d) What is always alive, even when everything seems to be dead?
or
(a) What does the Earth teach us?
(b) Why does the poet countupto twelve?
(c) What will keeping quiet help us achieve?(Delhi 2008 Modified)
(d) How does the Earth teach us that there is activity even in apparent stillness?
Answer.
(a) The Earth teaches us how new life springs from dead remains, and how there is life under apparent stillness.
(b) The poet wants to achieve peace by counting upto twelve. He wants us to introspect in a moment of silence.
(c) Keeping quiet doesn’t mean just not speaking. It means that we should avoid all activities which hurt nature and, in turn, hurt us.
(d) The Earth is always alive, even when everything else seems to be dead. There is always some activity going on in nature beneath its apparent stillness.
or
Answer.
(a) The Earth teaches us how new life springs from dead remains. It gives us lessons about sustaining and resurrecting life.
(b) The poet is initiating an exercise in meditation. When he counts upto twelve, the meditator puts away all digressions and experiences bliss. He wants all meditators to experience that bliss.
(c) Keeping quiet will help us introspect, reflect and experience silence and peace. This will in turn help us find solutions to our problems.
(d) Though the Earth appears still, there are so many changes that keep occurring beneath its surface. A seed that seems dead germinates under the Earth and a new life springs from it.

Question.3.Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
For once on the face of the Earth
let’s not speak in any language,
let’s stop for one second,
arid not move our arms so much.
(a) Why does the poet want us to keep quiet?
(b) What does he want us to do for one second?
(c) What does he mean by “not move our arms”? (Delhi 2012; Modified)
(d) How can this moment of stillness help us?
Answer.
(a) The poet wants us to keep quiet in the hope that the moment of tranquillity might help us in finding the answers to our problems.
(b) The poet wants us to be silent and motionless for one second.
(c) The poet means that we should be in a state of total stillness with no physical activity at all.
(d) This moment of stillness can provide us physical and mental rest, during which our mind will be at peace. We can analyse our actions and their consequences and avoid rash or thoughtless behaviour.

Question.4. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
It would be an exotic moment
without rush, without engines,
we would all be together
in a sudden strangeness.
(a) What will happen if there is no rush or running of engines?
(b) Why would it be called an exotic moment?
(c) How would we feel at tliat moment? (Foreign 2011; Modified)
(d) Name the poem and the poet.
Answer.
(a) It will be an ecstatic moment of tranquillity without rush or running of engines.
(b) It would be called an exotic moment because it will be an instance of universal peace and brotherhood. In that moment, all of us would initiate introspection through meditation and the whole world will be enveloped in quietness.
(c) We would feel very strange at that moment, because at that time everyone will have a feeling of oneness with their fellow human beings. It will be a new feeling altogether.
(d) The poem is ‘Keeping Quiet’, and the poet is Pablo Neruda.

Question.5. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
Now we will count to twelve,
and we will all keep still.
For once on the face of the Earth,
let’s not speak in any language,
let’s stop for one second,
and not move our arms so much.
(a) How long does the poet want to stay still?
(b) What does he hope to achieve by keeping quiet?
(c) What does the poet mean by “not move our arms so much”? (All India 2009; Modified)
(d) Why does the poet suggest us not to sp,eak in any language?
Answer.
(a) The poet exhorts each one of us to count to twelve and then be quiet, silent and motionless for a brief moment.
(b) He hopes to achieve and realise the value of quiet introspection. In this silence, we shall feel that all are together and will experience a strange feeling of togetherness.
(c) By this, he means that we should not make any physical movement, as physical activity will stop dr interrupt our introspection.
(d) The poet wants us to simply be silent for a moment and utilise that time to understand ourselves as well as others. Besides, language differences often lead to conflict, which the poet, perhaps, wants to avoid.

Question.6.Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
Fishermen ip.the cold sea
would not harm whales
and the man gathering salt
would look at his hurt hands.
(a) What does the poet expect of the fishermen and why?
(b) While gathering salt, what will the man do?
(c) What do the hurt hands imply? (All India 2008;Modified)
(d) How would man and nature benefit in this moment of silence?
Answer.
(a) In the exotic moment of silence and introspection, fishermen will become conscioi the fact that they are causing harm to the whales. The poet expects this because he feels that at this opportune moment all evil will come to an end.
(b) The man gathering salt will stop for a while at that quiet moment and look at his hurt
hands.
(c) ‘Hurt hands’ means that human beings are oblivious of the pain they are causing to themselves in the pursuit of amassing more and more comforts. They have no time for themselves.
(d) In this moment of silence, man will not harm nature, and both human beings and nature will get some time to attend to and recover from their wounds.

Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks, 30-40 words)

Question.1. Which is the exotic moment that the poet refers to in ‘Keeping Quiet’? (Delhi 2014)
Answer. The poet refers to the moment of stillness and quietness as an exotic moment. It would be an exotic moment, as such a tranquillity will initiate peace and brotherhood. There would be no movement, no talk, no activity and consequently, no violence.

Question.2. What is the sadness that the poet refers to in the poem ‘Keeping Quiet’? (All India 2014)
or
What is the sadness that the poet refers to in the poem? (All India 2011)
Answer. The poet refers to the sadness which surrounds man due to not having any time for himself, the pain of not understanding what he or his fellow human beings want. He has no time for introspection; as a result, he is unable to analyse his own actions and understand its consequences.

Question.3. Which images in the poem ‘Keeping Quiet’ show that the poet condemns violence?
(Compartment 2014)
Answer. The images of fishermen not harming the whales in the sea and wars leaving behind no survivors to celebrate the victory show that the poet condemns violence. The poet wants the warmongers to change their blood-stained clothes to clean ones. The poet’s refusal to have any association or dealing with death also shows that he is not in favour of any form of violence.

Question.4. What symbol from nature does the poet use to prove that keeping quiet is not total
inactivity? (Foreign2014)
Answer. The poet uses nature as a symbol to explain his idea that there can be life under apparent stillness. According to him, keeping quiet is not total inactivity. A seed may appear to be dead and inactive, but one day, the same seed may turn into a fruitful tree.

Question.5. How, according to Neruda, can keeping quiet change our attitude to life?
(Compartment 2014)
Answer. Keeping quiet and suspending all our activities for a brief moment will give us time to introspect and analyse our own actions. We will develop a new understanding of our surroundings and thus change our attitude to life. We will check our destructive ways and try to be more positive and constructive.

Question.6.What are the different kinds of wars mentioned in the poem? What is Neruda’s
attitude towards these wars? (Delhi 2013)
Answer. The poet has written about wars against humanity and nature. Green wars, wars with poisonous gases and wars with fire are the different kinds of wars mentioned in the poem. Wars do good to no one. Pablo Neruda feels that such wars may bring victory, but there are no survivors. It means that there is heavy loss on both sides.

Question.7. How can suspension of activities help? (All India 2012)
Answer. The poet believes that suspension of activities will allow man to introspect, which can help them in analysing their own actions, and in solving many of their problems based on caste, religion or nationality. It will help them develop a new understanding of their surroundings, and thus make them mend their destructive ways.

Question.8. Do you think the poet advocates total inactivity and death? (Delhi 2011)
Answer. No, the poet clearly states that his asking for stillness should not be confused with total inactivity or death. He perceives life to be a continuous process, where man’s activities should not lead to destruction of fellow human beings or nature, but should be channelised in a resourceful way.

Question.9. According to the poet, what is it that human beings can learn from nature? (All India 2010)
Answer. Life under apparent stillness in attitude is the thing which man can learn from nature. The Earth is never in a state of total inactivity. Nature carries on its work even where there is stillness all around. Winter is associated with inactivity, but this is not actually true.

Question.10.What will counting upto twelve and keeping quiet help us to achieve? (Foreign 2009)
Answer. The poet asks each one of us to count to twelve and then be quiet, silent and motionless. This quietness will create a moment of togetherness among all; a condition which is foremost for the survival of humanity, which is indeed an achievement. It will also give us One to analyse our actions and their consequences.

Important Questions for Class 12 English