Percentage Increase

To increase a quantity by a percentage find the percentage of the quantity and add it to the original quantity.

Example 1: Increase 320 by 20%.

Solution. 20% of 320 = \(\frac{ 20}{ 100}\) x 320 = 64

Therefore,            Increased amount = Rs 320 + Rs 64 = Rs 384.

Percentage Decrease

To decrease a quantity by a percentage, find the percentage of the quantity and subtract it from the original quantity.

Example 2: Decrease 120 by \(12\frac{1}{2}\) %.

Solution. \(12\frac{1}{2}\)% of 120

= Rs \(\frac{ 12.5}{ 100}\) of 120

= Rs \(\frac{ 125 }{ 10 * 100}\) x 120
= Rs 15

Therefore,       Decreased amount = Rs 120 — Rs15 = Rs 105.

Percentage Change

 

Percentage change = ( \(\frac{ Actual  change (Increase  or  Decrease)}{ Original  quantity}\) x 100) %

Percentage error = (\(\frac{ Error}{Actual Value}\) x 100) %

 

Example 3: Sabita’s weight decreased from 80 kg to 40 kg. Find the percentage decrease.

Solution. Decrease in weight = (80 — 40) kg = 40 kg.

Therefore,        % decrease = \(\frac{ 40}{ 80}\) x100% = 50%.

Example 4: The distance between two places was 200 km. It was measured as 300 km. Find the percentage error.

Solution. Error = 300 km — 200 km = 100 km.

Therefore,     %error = \(\frac{ error}{ actual value}\) x 100%

= \(\frac{ 100}{ 200}\) x 100 = 50%.