## Formulas

Profit % = $$\frac{Profit}{ C.P.}$$ x 100

Loss % = $$\frac{ Loss}{C.P.}$$ x 100

S.P. = ($$\frac{100 + Profit \%}{ 100}$$) x C.P.

S.P. = ($$\frac{100 – Loss \%}{ 100}$$) x C.P.

## Illustrative Examples

Example 1: Kirpal bought a certain number of apples at Rs 75 per score and sold them at a profit of 40%. Find the selling price per apple.

Solution. C.P. of one score i.e.,  20 apples = Rs 75, profit = 40%
S.P. of 20 apples= ( 1 + $$\frac{40}{100}$$ )of Rs 75

= Rs ( $$\frac{140}{100}$$ x 75 ) = Rs 105

S.P. of one apple = Rs $$\frac{105}{20}$$

= Rs $$\frac{21}{4}$$ = Rs 5.25

Example 2: Bashir bought an article for Rs 1215 and spent Rs 35 on its transportation. At what price should he sell the article to have a gain of 16%?

Solution. The effective cost price of the article is equal to the price at which it was bought plus the transportation charge.

C.P. of the given article = Rs (1215 + 35) = Rs 1250
Gain percent = 16%

Gain = 16% of cost price = Rs ($$\frac{16}{100}$$ x 1250) = Rs 200

S.P. = C.P. + Gain = Rs 1250 + Rs 200 = Rs 1450

Example 3: Krishnamurti bought oranges at Rs 5 a dozen. He had to sell them at a loss of 4%. Find the selling price of one orange.

Solution. We have, C.P. of one dozen oranges = Rs 5.

Loss percent = 4%

Loss = 4 % of Rs 5 = Re($$\frac{4}{100}$$ x 5) = Re ($$\frac{1}{5}$$)

S.P. = C.P. — Loss = Rs (5 – $$\frac{1}{5}$$) = Rs $$\frac{24}{5}$$

Thus, S.P. of one dozen oranges = Rs $$\frac{24}{5}$$

Therefore, S.P.of an orange = Re ($$\frac{24}{5}$$ x $$\frac{1}{12}$$)
= Re $$\frac{2}{5}$$
= $$\frac{2}{5}$$ x 100 paise
= 40 paise