CBSE Class 9 Maths Lab Manual – Algebraic Identity (a3 + b3) = (a + b) (a2 – ab + b2)

Objective
To verify the identity a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 – ab + b2) geometrically by using sets of unit cubes.

Prerequisite Knowledge

  1. Volume of cube = (edge)3
  2. Volume of cuboid = I x b x h

Materials Required
A set of 56 cubes each has dimensions (1 x 1 x 1) cubic unit. Cubes may be of wood, plastic, cardboard or thermocol.

Procedure
To verify the identity a3 + b3, we shall take a = 3 units and b = 1 unit.

  1. Make an arrangement of 28 cubes such that we get a cube of 3 x 3 x 3 cubic units and a single unit cube of b = 1 unit as shown in fig. (i) and fig.(ii).
    CBSE Class 9 Maths Lab Manual – Algebraic Identity (a3 + b3) = (a + b) (a2 – ab + b2) 1
  2. Now we will use second set of 28 cubes. Consider one stack (24 cubes) as {a x (a+b)} cubic units i.e., (3 x 4 x 2) cu. units and arrange as shown in fig. (iii):
    CBSE Class 9 Maths Lab Manual – Algebraic Identity (a3 + b3) = (a + b) (a2 – ab + b2) 2
  3. Consider an other stack of 4 cubes such as (a + b) (b) (b) i.e., (4) (1) (1) cubic units. Arrange them as shown in fig. (iv).
    CBSE Class 9 Maths Lab Manual – Algebraic Identity (a3 + b3) = (a + b) (a2 – ab + b2) 3

Observation and Calculation
As the arrangements shown in [fig. (i),fig. (ii)] and [fig. (iii), fig. (iv)], have equal number of cubes therefore the total volume in both the cases must be same.
In fig(i) and fig.(ii)
Volume of cube in fig. (i) = volume of 27 unit cubes = a3
Volume of cube of 1 unit = b3
Total volume of 28 cubes = a3 +b3 … (i)
In fig. (iii) and (iv),
Volume of cuboid of 24 unit cubes = (a + b) (a – b) (a)
Volume of cuboid of 4 unit cubes = (a + b)b2
Total volume of 28 cubes = (a+b) (a – b) (a)+(a+b) (b2)
= (a + b) (a2 – ab + b2) … (ii)
From (i) and (ii), we have
∴ a3 + b3 = (a+b) (a2 – ab + b2)

Result
The identity a3 + b3 = (a+b) (a2 – ab + b2) is verified geometrically by using cubes and cuboids.

Learning Outcome
Algebraic identity a3 + b3 = (a+b) (a2 – ab + b2) is verified geometrically. This activity can be performed by using different colours of cubes as shown in fig. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv). We have learnt making of cuboids of various dimensions by using unit cubes and adding and subtracting cuboids.

Activity Time
By using different values of a and b, students can verify the identity a3 + b3, e.g., a = 6, b = 2 and also find volume of different cubes and cuboids used for this activity.

Viva Voce

Question 1.
Find 53 + 23 by using formula a3 + b3 = (a+b) (a2 – ab + b2).
Answer:
(7) (25 + 4 – 10) = 7 (19) = 133.

Question 2.
How many factors are formed by x3 +y?
Answer:
Two factors are formed (x +y) (x2 + y2 – xy).

Question 3.
What are the possible expressions for the area of a circular ring, whose internal radius is rand external radius is R ?
Answer:
π (R – r) (R + r).

Question 4.
What are the possible expressions for a dimension of a cuboid whose volume is 3x3 – 12x?
Answer:
3x (x – 2) (x + 2).

Question 5.
Simplify: (3 + x) (9 + x2 – 3x).
Answer:
33 + x3 = 27 + x3.

Question 6.
Write the degree of (x + y) (x2 + y2 – xy).
Answer:
3.

Question 7.
Write the real zero of x3 + 1.
Answer:
-1

Question 8.
Is (2 + x) (4 + x2 – 2x) a binomial or trinomial ?
Answer:
(2 + x) (4 + x2 – 2x) = (23 + x) = 8 + x3 which is a binomial.

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Simplify: (3x + 1) (9x2 + 1 — 3x) by using identity
(i) (27x3 + 1)
(ii) (3x3 + 1)
(iii) (9x2 + 1)
(iv) none of these

Question 2.
Find the factors of (27x3 + 125) :
(i) (3x + 5)3
(ii) (3x + 5) (9x2 – 15x + 25)
(iii) (3x – 5)3
(iv) none of these

Question 3.
Write the factors of (x3 + 8) :
(i) (x + 2) (x2 + 4 – 2x)
(ii) x2 + 4
(iii) (x2 – 4)
(iv) none of these

Question 4.
Write the factors of (64a3 + 16√2) :
(i) (8a + 8)3
(ii) (4a + 2√2) (6a2 + 8 – 8a√2)
(iii) 16a2 + 8√a + 8
(iv) none of these

Question 5.
Write the zeroes of (125x4 + 1) :
(i) 0, 5
(ii) 0, \(-\frac { 1 }{ 5 }\)
(iii) 0, \(\frac { 1 }{ 5 }\)
(iv) none of these

Question 6.
Check weather x = 2 is the zero of (125x3 + 1) :
(i) no
(ii) yes
(iii) can’t say
(iv) none of these

Question 7.
Write the integral zero of (64m3 – 343):
(i) no integral zero
(ii) \(\frac { 7 }{ 4 }\)
(iii) \(-\frac { 7 }{ 4 }\)
(iv) none of these

Question 8.
Write the degree of (4 + x) (16 + x2 – 4x):
(i) 1
(ii) 3
(iii) 2
(iv) none of these

Question 9.
Write the factors of x3 + \(\frac { 1 }{ { x }^{ 3 } }\)
(i) (\(x+\frac { 1 }{ x }\)) (x2 + \(\frac { 1 }{ { x }^{ 2 } }\) – 1)
(ii) (\(x-\frac { 1 }{ x }\)) (x2 + \(\frac { 1 }{ { x }^{ 2 } }\) + 1)
(iii) (\(x+\frac { 1 }{ x }\)) (x2 + \(\frac { 1 }{ { x }^{ 2 } }\) + 2)
(iv) none of these

Question 10.
Write the factors of (x – 1)3 + (y – 1)3:
(i) (x – 1)(y – 1)
(ii) (x – 1 + y – 2) (x2 + y2 – 1)
(iii) (x + y – 2) (x2 + y2 – x – y – xy + 1)
(iv) none of these

Question 11.
Evaluate \(\frac { { 361 }^{ 3 }+{ 139 }^{ 3 } }{ { 361 }^{ 2 }-\left( 361\times 139 \right) +{ 139 }^{ 2 } }\) :
(i) 500
(ii) 600
(iii) 700
(iv) none of these

Answers

  1. (i)
  2. (ii)
  3. (i)
  4. (ii)
  5. (ii)
  6. (i)
  7. (i)
  8. (ii)
  9. (i)
  10. (iii)
  11. (i)

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