CBSE Previous Year Solved Papers Class 12 Physics Delhi 2013

CBSE Previous Year Solved  Papers  Class 12 Physics Delhi 2013

Time allowed : 3 hours                                                                                           Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

1. 1.  All questions are compulsory. There are 26 questions in all.
   2.  This question paper has five sections : Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
   3. Section A contains five questions of one mark each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains twelve questions of three marks each, Section D contains one value based question of four marks and Section E contains three questions of five marks each.
   4.  There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question of two marks, one question of three marks and all the three questions of five marks weight age. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
   5. You may use the following values of physical constants wherever necessary:

SET I

Note : Except for the following questions all the remaining question have been asked in Previous Set.

Question.1. What are permanent magnets? Give one example.
Answer : The magnets which have high retentivity and high coercivity are known as permanent magnets. For example : Steel

Question.2. What is the geometrical shape of equipotential surface due to a single isolated charge?
Answer : The equipotential surfaces of an isolated charge are concentric spherical shells and the distance between the shells increase with the decrease in electric field and vice-versa.

Question.3. Which of the following waves can be polarized (i) Heat waves (ii) Sound waves? Give reason to support your answer.
Answer : Heat waves can be polarized as they are transverse waves whereas sound waves cannot be polarized as they are longitudinal waves.
Transverse waves can oscillate in the direction perpendicular to the direction of its transmission but longitudinal waves oscillate only along the direction of its transmission. So, longitudinal waves cannot be polarized.

Question.4. A capacitor has been charged by a dc source. What are the magnitude of conduction and displacement current, when it is fully charged?
Answer : Electric flux through plates of capacitor,

As voltage becomes constant when capacitor is fully charged.

Question.5. Write the relationship between angle of incidence ‘i’, angle of prism ‘A’ and angle of minimum deviations ∆m for a triangular prism.
Answer : The relation between the angle of incidence i, angle of prism A, and the angle of minimum deviation ∆m, for a triangular prism is given by i= (A+∆m)/2

Question.6. The given graph shows the variation of photo-electric current (I) versus applied voltage (V) for two different photosensitive materials and for two different intensities of the incident radiations. Identify the pairs of curves that correspond to different materials but same intensity of incident radiation.

Answer : Curves 1 and 2 correspond to similar materials while curves 3 and 4 represent different materials, since the value of stopping potential for 1, 2 and 3, 4 are the same. For the given frequency of the incident radiation, the stopping potential is independent of its intensity.
So, the pairs of curves (1 and 3) and (2 and 4) correspond to different materials but same intensity of incident radiation.

Question.7. A 10 V battery of negligible internal resistance is connected across a 200 V battery and a resistance of 38Ω as shown in the figure. Find the value of the current in circuit.

Answer : Since, the positive terminal of the batteries are connected together, so the equivalent emf of the batteries is given by
E = 200-10= 190 V
Hence, the current in the circuit is given by
I=E/R=190/38=5A

Question.8. The emf of a cell is always greater than its terminal voltage. Why? Give reason.
Answer : The emf of a cell is greater than its terminal voltage because there is some potential drop across the cell due to its small internal resistance.

Question.9. (a) Write the necessary conditions for the phenomenon of total internal reflection to occur.
(b) Write the relation between the refractive index and critical angle for a given pair of optical media.
Answer : (a) Necessary conditions for total internal reflection to occur are :
(i) The incident ray on the interface should travel in optically denser medium.
(ii) The angle of incidence should be greater than the critical angle for the given pair of optical media.

Where a and b are the rarer and denser media respectively. C is the critical angle for the given pair of optical media.

Question.10. State Lenzs law.
A metallic rod held horizontally along east-west direction, is allowed to fall under gravity. Will there be an emf induced at its ends? Justify your answer.
Answer : Lenz’s law states that the polarity of induced emf is such that it produces a current which opposes the change in magnetic flux that produces it.
Emf will be induced in the rod as there is change in magnetic flux.
When a metallic rod held horizontally along east-west direction, is allowed to fall freely under gravity i.e. fall from north to south, the magnetic flux changes and the emf is induced in it.

Question.11. A convex lens of focal length 25 m is placed co axially in contact with a concave lens of focal length 20 cm. Determine the power of the combination. Will the system be converging or diverging in nature?
Answer : We have focal length of convex lens,

The focal length of the combination = -1m = -100cm As the focal length is negative, the system will be diverging in nature.

Question.12. An ammeter of resistance 0.80 Ω can measure current up to 1.0 A.
(i) What must be the value of shunt resistance to enable the ammeter to measure current up to 5.0 A?
(ii) What is the combined resistance of the ammeter and the shunt?
Answer : We have, resistance of ammeter, R_A = 0.80 ohm
Maximum current across ammeter, I_A = 1.0 A.
So, voltage across ammeter, V= IR= 1 x 0.80 = 0.8 V
Let the value of shunt be x.

Question.13. In the given circuit diagram a voltmeter ‘V is connected across a lamp ‘L’. How would (i) the brightness of the lamp and (ii) voltmeter reading ‘V’ be affected, if the value of resistance ‘R’ is decreased? Justify your answer.

Answer : The given figure is Common Emitter (CE) configuration of an n-p-n transistor is shown in the figure. The input circuit is forward biased and collector circuit is reverse biased.
If resistance R decreases, forward biased in the input circuit will increase, thus the base current (I_b) will decrease and the emitter current (I_E) will increase. This will increase the collector current (I_C) as I_E = I_B + I_C.
When I_C increases which flows through the lamp, the voltage across the bulb will also increase making the lamp brighter and the voltmeter is-connected in parallel with the lamp, the reading in the voltmeter will also increase.

Question.14. (a) An EM wave is, travelling in a medium with a velocity \(v = v\hat { i } \)Draw a sketch showing the propagation of the EM wave, indicating the direction of the oscillating electric and magnetic fields.
(b) How are the magnitudes of the electric and magnetic fields related to velocity of the EM wave?

Question.15. Block diagram of a receiver is shown in the figure :
(a) Identify ‘X’ and ‘Y’
(b) Write their functions.

Answer : From the given block diagram of demodulator of a typical receiver, we can conclude the following things :
(a) X represents Intermediate Frequency (IF) stage while Y , represents an amplifier.
(b) At IF stage, the carrier frequency is transformed to a lower frequency then in this process, the modulated signal is detected. The function of amplifier is to amplify the detected signal which may not be strong enough to be made use of and hence is essential.

Question.16. Explain, with the help of a circuit diagram, the working of a photo diode. Write briefly how it is used to detect the optical signals.
OR
Mention the important consideration required while fabricating a p-n junction diode to be used as a Light Emitting Diode (LED). What should be the order of band gap of an LED if it is required to emit light in the visible range?
Answer : A junction diode made from light sensitive semi-conductor is called a photo diode.

An electrical device that is used to detect and convert light into an energy signal with the use of a photo detector is known as a photo diode. The light that falls on it controls the function of pn-junction. Suppose, the wavelength is such that the energy of a photon hc/λ is enough to break a valance
bond. There is an increase in number of charge carriers and hence the conductivity of the junction also increases. New hole-electron pairs are created when such light falls on the junction. If the junction is connected in a circuit, the intensity of the incident light controls the current in the circuit.
OR
1. The reverse breakdown voltage of LEDs are very low, which is around 5V. So enough care is to be taken while fabricating
a pn-junction diode such that the high reverse voltages do not occur across them.
2. There exist very small resistance to limit the current in LED. So, a resistor must be placed in series with the LED such that no damage is occurred to the LED.
The semiconductor used for fabrication of visible LEDs must at least have a band gap of 1.8 eV.

Question.17. Write three important factors which justify the need of modulating a message signal. Show diagrammatically how an amplitude modulated wave is obtained when a modulating signal is superimposed on a carrier wave.
Answer : Three important factors which justify the need of modulating a message signal:
(i) Size of antenna or aerial: For communication within the effective length of the antennas, the transmitting frequencies should be high, so modulation is required.
(ii) Effective power which is radiated by antenna : Since the power radiated from a linear antenna is inversely proportional to the square of the transmitting wavelength. As high powers are needed for good transmission, so higher frequency is required which can be achieved by modulation.
(iii) The interference of signals from different transmitters : To avoid the interference of the signals there is a need of high I frequency which can be achieved by the modulation.

Question.18. A capacitor of unknown capacitance is connected across a battery of Y volts. The charge stored in it is 360 μC. When potential across the capacitor is reduced by 120 V, the charge stored in it becomes 120 μC.
Calculate :
(i) The potential V and the unknown capacitance C.
(ii) What will be the charge stored in the capacitor, if the
voltage applied had increased by 120 V?
OR
A hollow cylindrical box of length 1 m and area of cross section 25 cm² is placed in a three-dimensional coordinate system as shown in the figure. The electric field in the region is given by over right arrow [/latex]{ E } =50x\hat { i } [/latex], where E is NC^-1 and x is in metres. Find
(i) Net flux through the cylinder.
(ii) Charge enclosed by the cylinder.

Question.19. (a) In a typical nuclear reaction, e.g.

although number of nucleons is conserved, yet energy is released. How? Explain.
(b) Show that nuclear density in a given nucleus is independent of mass number A.
Answer :
(a) In a nuclear reaction, the aggregate of the masses of the target nucleus (\(_{ 1 }^{ 2 }{ H }\)) and the bombarding particle may be greater or less than the aggregate of the masses of the product nucleus (\(_{ 3 }^{ 2 }{ He}\)) and the outgoing particle (\(_{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ n }\)) So from the law of conservation of mass-energy some energy (3.27 MeV) is evolved or involved in a nuclear reaction. This energy is called Q-value of the nuclear reaction.

Which shows that the density is independent of mass number A.

Question.20. (a) Why photoelectric effect cannot be explained on the basis of wave nature of light? Give reasons.
(b) Write the basic features of photon picture of electro-magnetic radiation on which Einstein’s photoelectric equation is based.
Answer : (a) Wave nature of radiation cannot explain the photoelectric effect because of:
(i) The immediate ejection of photo electrons.
(ii) The presence of threshold frequency for a metal surface.
(iii) The fact -that kinetic energy of the emitted electrons is independent of the intensity of light and depends upon its frequency.
Thus, the photoelectric effect cannot be explained on the basis of wave nature of light.
(b) Photon picture of electromagnetic radiation on which Einstein’s photoelectric equation is based on particle nature of light. Its basic features are :
(i) In interaction with matter, radiation behaves as if it is made up of particles called photons.

(iv) By increasing the intensity of light of given wavelength, there is only an increase in the number of photons per second crossing a given area, with each photon having the same energy. Thus, photon energy is independent of intensity of radiation.
(v) Photons are electrically neutral and are not deflected by electric and magnetic fields.
(vi) In a photon—particle collision (such as photon-electron collision), the total energy and total momentum are conserved. However, number of photons may not be observed.

Question.21. A metallic rod of length T is rotated with a frequency v with one end hinged at the centre and the other end at the circumference of a circular metallic ring of radius r, about an axis passing through the centre and perpendicular to the plane of the ring. A constant uniform magnetic field B parallel to the axis is present everywhere. Using Lorentz force, explain how emf is induced between the centre and the metallic ring and hence obtained the expression for it.
Answer : Suppose the length of the rod is greater than the radius of the circle and rod rotates anticlockwise and suppose the direction of electrons in the rod at any instant be along +y direction.
Suppose the direction of the magnetic field is along +z direction.

Thus, the direction of force on the electrons is along – x axis. So, the electrons will move towards the centre i.e., the fixed end of the rod. This movement of electrons will effect in current and thus it will generate an emf in the rod between the fixed end and the point touching the ring.

Question.22. Output characteristics of an n-p-n transistor in CE configuration is shown in the figure. Determine :
(i) dynamic output resistance
(ii) dc current gain and
(iii) at current gain at an operating point V_CE = 10 V, when I_B = 30 μA.

Question.23. Using Bohr’s postulates, obtain the expression for the total energy of the electron in the stationary states of the hydrogen atom. Hence draw the energy level diagram showing how the line spectra corresponding to Balmer series occur due to transition between energy levels.
Answer: According to Bohr’s postulates, in a hydrogen atom, a single electron revolves around a nucleus of charge +e. For an electron moving with a uniform speed in a circular orbit of a given radius, the centripetal force is provided by Coulomb force of attraction between the electron and the nucleus. The gravitational attraction may be neglected as the mass of electron and proton is very small. So,


When the electron in a hydrogen atom jumps from higher energy level to the lower energy level, the difference of energies of the two energy levels is emitted as a radiation of particular wavelength. It is called a spectral line.

Question.24. (a) In what way is diffraction from each slit related to the interference pattern in a double slit experiment.
(b) Two wavelengths of sodium light 590 nm and 596 nm are used, in turn to study the diffraction taking place at a single slit of aperture 2 x 10^-4 m. The distance between the slit and the screen is 1.5 m. Calculate the separation between the positions of the first maxima of the diffraction pattern obtained in the two cases.
Answer : (a) If the width of each slit is comparable to the wavelength of light used, the interference pattern thus obtained in the double-slit experiment is modified by diffraction from each of the two slits.

Question.25. In a series LCR circuit connected to an ac source of variable frequency and voltage v = v_m sin ωt, draw a plot showing the variation of current (I) with angular frequency (ω) for two different values of resistance R₁ and R₂ (R₁ > R₂). Write the condition under which the phenomenon of resonance occurs. For which value of the resistance out of the two curves, a sharper resonance is produced? Define Q-factor of the circuit and give its significance.


We can observe that the current amplitude is maximum at the resonant frequency ω₀. Since i_m = V_m/R at resonance, the current amplitude for case R₂ is sharper to that for case R₁.
Quality factor or simply the Q-factor of a resonant LCR circuit is defined as the ratio of voltage drop across the capacitor (or inductor) to that of applied voltage.

The Q factor determines the sharpness of the resonance curve and if the resonance is less sharp, the maximum current decreases and also the circuit is close to the resonance for a larger range Aoo of frequencies and the regulation of the circuit will not be good. So, less sharp the resonance, less is the selectivity of the circuit while higher is the Q, sharper is the resonance curve and lesser will be the loss in energy of the circuit.
When X_L = X_C or V_L = V_C, the LCR circuit is said to be in resonance condition.

Question.26. While travelling back to his residence in the car, Dr. Pathak was caught up in a thunderstorm. It became very dark. He stopped driving the car and waited for thunderstorm to stop. Suddenly he noticed a child walking alone on the road. He asked the boy to come inside the car till the thunderstorm stopped. Dr. Pathak dropped the boy at his residence. The boy insisted that Dr. Pathak should meet his parents. The parents expressed their gratitude to Dr. Pathak for his concern for safety of the child.
Answer the following questions based on the above information :
(a) Why is it safer to sit inside a car during a thunderstorm?
(b) Which two values are displayed by Dr. Pathak in his action?
(c) Which values are reflected in parents’ response to Dr. Pathak?
(d) Give an example of similar action on your part in the part from everyday life.
Answer: (a) It is safer to be inside a car during thunderstorm because the car acts like a Faraday cage.
(b) Awareness and humanity
(c) Gratitude and obliged
(d) Once I came across to a situation where a puppy was struck in the middle of a busy road during rain and was not able to cross due to heavy flow, so I quickly rushed and helped him.

Question.27. (a) Draw a ray diagram showing the image formation by a compound microscope. Hence obtain expression for total magnification when the image is formed at infinity.
(b) Distinguish between myopia and hypermetropia. Show diagrammatically how these defects can be corrected.
OR
(a) State Huygens principle. Using this principle draw a diagram to show how a plane wave front incident at the interface of the two media gets refracted when it propagates from a rarer to a denser medium. Hence verify Snell’s law of refraction.
(b) When monochromatic light travels from a rarer to a denser medium, explain the following, giving reasons :
(i) Is the frequency of reflected and refracted light same as the frequency of incident light?
(ii) Does the decrease in speed imply a reduction in the energy carried by light wave?
Answer : (a) A compound microscope consists of two convex lenses parallel separated by some distance. The lens nearer to the object is called the objective. The lens through which the final image is viewed is called the eyepiece.
Magnifying power, when final image is at infinity : The magnification produced by the compound microscope is the product of the magnifications produced by the eyepiece and objective.


(b) (i) Nearsightedness or Myopia s A person suffering from myopia can see only nearer objects clearly, but cannot see the objects beyond a certain distance clearly.
Myopic eye:

Correction : To correct the eye from this defect, a concave lens of appropriate focal length is positioned close to the eye so that the parallel ray of light from an object at infinity after refraction through the lens appears to come from the far point P’ of the myopic eye.

(ii) Farsightedness Or Hypermetropia : A person suffering from hypermetropia can see distant objects clearly, but cannot see nearer objects.

Correction : To correct this defect, a convex lens of suitable focal length is positioned close to the eye so that the rays of light from an object placed at the point N after refraction through the lens appear to come from the near point N’ of the hypermetropic eye.

OR
(a) Hyugens Principle:

• Each point on the primary wave front acts as a source of secondary wavelets,- transferring out disturbance in all directions in the same way as the original source of light does.
• The new position of the wave front at any instant is the envelope of the secondary wavelets at that instant. Refraction on the basis of wave theory
• Consider any point Q on the incident wave front.
• Suppose when disturbance from point P on incident wave
  front reaches point P’ on the refracted wave front, the disturbance from point Q reaches Q’ on the refracting surface XY.
  

Since P’ A’ represents the refracted wave front, the time taken by light to travel from a point on incident wave front to the corresponding point on refracted wave front should always be the same. Now, time taken by light to go from Q to Q’ will be

The rays from different points on the incident wave front will take the same time to reach the corresponding points on the refracted wave front i.e. given equation (iv) is independent of AK. It will happen so, if

This is the Snell’s law for refraction of light.
(b) (i) The frequency of reflected and refracted light remains constant as the frequency of incident light because frequency only depends on the source of light.
(ii) Since the frequency remains same, hence there is no reduction in energy.

Question.28. (a). State the working principle of a potentiometer. With the help of the circuit diagram, explain how a potentiometer is used to compare the emfs of two primary cells. Obtain the required expression used for comparing the emfs.
(b) Write two possible causes for one sided deflection in a potentiometer experiment.
OR
(a) State Kirchhoff’s rules for an electric network. Using Kirchhoff’s rules, obtain the balance condition in terms of the resistance of four arms of Wheatstone bridge.
(b) In the meter bridge experimental set up, shown in the figure, the null point ‘D’ is obtained at a distance of 40 cm from end A of the meter bridge wire. If a resistance of 10 Ω is connected in series with R1, null point is obtained at AD = 60 cm. Calculate the values of R₁ and R₂.
Answer : (a) Working principle of Potentiometer : When a constant current is passed through a wire of uniform area of cross-section, the potential drop across any portion of the wire is directly proportional to the length of that portion.
Applications of Potentiometer for comparing emfs of two cells : The following figure stows an application of the potentiometer to compare the emf of two cells of emf E₁ and E₂
E₁, E₂ are the emf of the two cells.
1, 2, 3 form a two way key.
When 1 and 3 are connected, E1 is connected to the galvanometer (G).
Jokey is moved to N1, which is at a distance Li from A, to find the balancing length.

E₁/E₂ =l₁/l₂
Thus, we can compare the emfs of any two sources. Generally, one of the cells is chosen as a standard cell whose emf is known to a high degree of accuracy. The emf of the other cell is then calculated from equation (3).
(b) (i) The emf of the cell connected in main circuit may not be more than the emf of the primary cells whose emfs are to be compared.
(ii) The positive ends of all cells are not connected to the same end of the wire.
OR
(a) Kirchhoff’s First Law – Junction Rule : The algebraic sum of the currents meeting at a point in an electrical circuit is always zero.

Kirchhoff’s Second Law – Loop Rule : In a closed loop, the algebraic sum of the emfs is equal to the algebraic sum of the products of the resistance and current flowing through them.

Wheatstone Bridge is an arrangement of four resistances as shown in the following figure.

This is the required balanced condition of Wheatstone Bridge, (b) Considering both the situations and writing them in the form of equations Let R’ be the resistance per unit length of the potential meter wire,

Question.29. (a) Derive the expression for the torque on a rectangular current carrying loop suspended in a uniform magnetic field. 
(b) A proton and a deuteron having equal momenta enter in a region of a uniform magnetic field at right angle to the direction of a the field. Depict their trajectories in the field.
OR
(a) A small compass needle of magnetic moment ‘tn is free to turn about an axis perpendicular to the direction of uniform magnetic field ‘B’. The moment of inertia of the needle about the axis is T. The needle is slightly disturbed from its stable position and then released. Prove that it executes simple harmonic motion. Hence deduce the expression for its time period.
(b) A compass needle, free to turn in a vertical plane orients itself with its axis vertical at a certain place on the earth. Find out the values of (i) horizontal component of earth s magnetic field and (ii) angle of dip at the place.
Answer: (a) Consider a rectangular loop-ABCD carrying current I.

Case I : The rectangular loop is placed such that the uniform magnetic field B is in the plane of loop.
No force is exerted by the magnetic field on the arms AD and BC. Magnetic field exerts a force F₁ on arm AB.


If there are V such turns the torque will be nlAB
Where, b —> Breadth of the rectangular coil
a —> Length of the rectangular coil
A = ab —> Area of the coil .
Case II: Plane of the loop is not along the magnetic field, but makes angle with it.

SET II

Note : Except for the following questions, all the remaining questions have been asked in Previous Set.

Question.1. A cell of emf‘E’ and internal distance V draws a current
‘I’. Write the relation between terminal voltage ‘V’ in terms of E, I, r.
Answer : When the current I draws from a cell of emf E and internal resistance r, then the terminal voltage is V = E – I_r

Question.2. Which of the following substances are diamagnetic?
Bi, Al, Na, Cu, Ca and Ni
Answer : Bi and Cu are diamagnetic substances.

Question.3. A heating element is marked 210 V, 630 W. What is the value of current drawn by the element when connected to a 210 V  dc source?
Answer: In dc source, P = VI
Given that P = 630 Wand V = 210 V
So, I=P/V =630/210 =3 A

Question.10. An ammeter of resistance 1 Ω can measure current up to 1.0 A. (i) What must be the value of the shunt resistance to enable the ammeter to measure up to 5.0 A ? (ii) What is the combination resistance of the ammeter and the shunt?

Question.14. A convex lens of focal length 20 cm is placed co axially in contact with a concave lens of focal length 25 cm. Determine the power of the combination. Will the system be converging or diverging in nature?

The focal length of the combination = 1 m = 100 cm As the focal length is positive, the system will be converging in nature.

Question.15. Using Bohr’s postulates, obtain the expressions for (i) kinetic energy and (ii) potential energy of the electron in stationary state of hydrogen atom.
Draw the energy level diagram showing how the transitions between energy levels result in the appearance of Lyman series.
Answer: According to Bohr’s postulates, in a hydrogen atom, a single electron revolves around a nucleus of charge +ke. For an electron moving with a uniform speed in a circular orbit or a given radius, the centripetal force is provided by Coulomb force of attraction between the electron and the nucleus. The gravitational attraction may be neglected as the mass of electron and proton is very small.

Question.22. Figure shows a rectangular loop conducting PQRS in which the arm PQ is free to move. A uniform magnetic field acts in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the loop. Arm PQ is moved with a velocity v towards the arm RrS Assuming that the arms QR, RS and SP have negligible resistances and the moving arm PQ has the resistance r, obtain the expression for (i) the current in the loop (ii) the force and (iii) the power required to move the arm PQ.

Question.23. Distinguish between ‘sky waves’ and ‘space waves’ modes of propagation in communication system.
(a) Why is sky wave mode propagation restricted to frequencies up to 40 MHz?
(b) Give two examples where space wave mode of propagation is used.
Answer : Sky wave : Sky waves are the AM radio waves, which are received after being reflected from the ionosphere. The propagation of radio wave signals from one point to another via reflection from ionosphere, is known as sky wave propagation. The sky wave propagation is an important consequence of the total internal reflection of radio waves. As we go higher in the ionosphere, there is an increase in the free electron density. Consequendy there is a decresise of refractive index. Thus, as a radio wave travels up in the ionosphere, it finds itself travelling from denser to rarer medium. It continuously bends away from its path till it suffers total internal reflection to reach back the Earth.
Space waves : Space waves are the waves which are used for satellite communication and line of sight path. The waves have frequencies up to 40 MHz provides essential communication and limited the line of sight paths.
(a) The e.m. waves of frequencies greater than 40 MHz penetrate the ionosphere and escape so, the sky wave propagation is restricted to the frequencies up to 40 MHz.
(b) In television broadcast and satellite communication, the space wave mode of propagation is used.

SET III

Note : Except for the following questions, all the remaining questions have been asked in Previous Set.

Question.6. A 5 V battery of negligible internal resistance is connected across a 200V battery and a resistance of 39 Ω as shown in the figure. Find the value of the current.

Question.7. Which of the following substances are para-magnetic? Bi, Al, Cu, Ca, Pb, Ni
Answer : Paramagnetic substances are Aluminium (Al) and Calcium (Ca).

Question.9. An ammeter of resistance 0.6 Q can measure current up to 1.0 A. Calculate (i) The shunt resistance required to enable the ammeter to measure current up to 5.0 A (ii) The combined resistance of the ammeter and the shunt.

Question.15. A convex lens of focal length 30 cm is placed coaxially in contact with a concave lens? of focal length 40 cm. Determine the power of the combination. Will the system be converging or diverging in naituire?

The focal length of combination = 1.2 m = 120 cm
As the focal length is positive the system will be converging in nature.

Question.18. A capacitor of unknown capacitance is connected across a battery of v volts. The charge stored in it is 300 μc. When potential across the capacitor is reduced by 100 V, the charge stored in it becomes 100 μC. Calculate the potential V and , the unknown capacitance. What will be the charge stored in the capacitor if the voltage applied had increased by 100 V?
OR
A hollow cylindrical box of length 0.5 m and area of cross-section 20 cm is placed in a three-dimensional coordinate system as shown in the figure. The electric field in the region is given by E = 20 x_i, where E is NC^-1 and x is in meters. Find
(i) Net flux through the cylinder
(ii) Charge enclosed in the cylinder.

Question.19. (a) Write two characteristic features distinguishing the diffraction pattern from the interference fringes obtained in Young’s double slit experiment.
(b) Two wavelength of sodium light 590 nm and 596 nm are used, in turn, to study the diffraction taking place due to a single slit of aperture 1 x 10^-4 m. The distance between the slit and the screen is 1.8 m. Calculate the separation between the positions of the first maxima of the diffraction pattern obtained in the two cases.
Answer: (a) Two characteristic features distinguishing the diffraction pattern from the interference fringes obtained in Young’s double slit experiment are :
(i) The interference fringes may or may not be of the same width whereas the fringes of diffraction pattern are always of varying width.
(ii) In interference the bright fringes are of same intensity whereas in diffraction patten the intensity falls as we go to successive maxima away from the centre, on either side.
(b) Wavelength of the light beam, λ₁ = 590 nm = 5.9 x 10^-7 m
Wavelength of another light beam, λ₂ = 596 nm = 5.96 x 10^-7 m
Distance of the slits from the screen = D = 1.8 m
Distance between the two slits =1 x 10^-4 m
For the first secondary maxima,

Question.21. (a) In a nuclear reaction

though the number of nucleons is conserved on both sides of the reaction, y et the energy is released. How? Explain.
(b) Draw a plot of potential energy between a pair of nucleons as a function of their separation. Mark the regions where potential energy is (i) positive and (ii) negative.
Answer : (a) ’In a nuclear reaction, the sum of the masses of the target nucleus \(_{ 2 }^{ 3 }{ He }\) may be greater or less the sum of the masses of tine product nucleus \(_{ 4 }^{ 2 }{ He }\) and the \(_{ 1 }^{ 1 }{ H }\) . So from the law of conservation of mass energy some energy (12.86 MeV) is evolved in nuclear reaction. This energy is called Q-value of the nuclear reaction. The binding energy of the nuclear reaction. The binding energy of the nucleus on the left side is not equal to the right side. The difference in the binding energies on two sides appearance energy released or absorbed in the nuclear reaction.
(b) Th e potential energy is minimum at ro : For distance larger than ro the negative potential energy goes on decreasing and for the distances less than ro the negative potential energy decrease to zero and then becomes positive and increases abruptly. Thus, A t o B is the positive potential energy region and B to C is the negative potential energy region.

Question.25. (b) What is the significance of negative sign in the expression for the energy?
(c) Draw the energy level diagram showing how the line spectra corresponding to Paschen series occur due to transition between energy levels.

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